Satélite de Coleta de Dados

{{Short description|Brazilian satellites}} {{italic title}} SCD '''''Satélite de Coleta de Dados''''' ('''SCD''', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for "Data-Collecting Satellite") is a series of [[satellites]] developed in Brazil.

== SCD-1 == {{Infobox spaceflight | name = SCD-1 | image = SCD-1 no foguete.jpg | image_caption = | insignia =

| mission_type = Earth orbiter | operator = [[INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais|INPE]] | website = [http://www.inpe.br/scd1/site_scd/scd1/osatelite.htm SCD-1] | COSPAR_ID = 1993-009B | SATCAT = 22490 | mission_duration = 1 year (planned) <br /> {{time interval|9 February 1993 14:30:34}} (ongoing)<ref name="INPE comemora 30 anos do Satélite de Coleta de Dados – SCD 1 em Cerimônia Alusiva">{{cite news |url=https://www.gov.br/inpe/pt-br/assuntos/ultimas-noticias/inpe-comemora-30-anos-do-satelite-de-coleta-de-dados-2013-scd-1-em-cerimonia-alusiva|title=INPE comemora 30 anos do Satélite de Coleta de Dados – SCD 1 em Cerimônia Alusiva}}</ref>

| spacecraft_bus = | manufacturer = INPE | dry_mass = | launch_mass = {{convert|115|kg|lb|0}} | power = 110 W

| launch_date = {{start-date|February 9, 1993, 14:30:34|timezone=yes}} UTC<ref name="jonathan">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|work=Jonathan's Space Page|publisher=McDowell, Jonathan|accessdate=2018-09-14}}</ref> | launch_rocket = [[Pegasus rocket|Pegasus]] 003/F3<ref name="jonathan"/> | launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] | launch_contractor = [[Orbital Sciences]]

| disposal_type = | deactivated = | last_contact =  | decay_date =

| orbit_epoch = 14 September 2018<ref>{{cite web|title=SCD 1|url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=22490|publisher=n2yo.com|accessdate=2018-09-14}}</ref> | orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]] | orbit_regime = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]] | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|719.9|km|mi|sp=us}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|781.5|km|mi|sp=us}} | orbit_inclination = 24.9707° | orbit_semimajor = {{convert|7,121|km|mi|sp=us}} | orbit_eccentricity = 0.0043226 | orbit_period = 99.7 minutes | orbit_RAAN = 25.5298 degrees | orbit_arg_periapsis = 91.5976 degrees | orbit_mean_anomaly = 356.9573 degrees | orbit_mean_motion = 14.44530728 | orbit_rev_number = | apsis = gee }}

The first one, '''SCD-1''', was launched on February 9, 1993. It was the first satellite designed, developed, and assembled entirely in [[Brazil]]. It remains in operation to this date, and as such it is the only autonomous spacecraft in continuous operation in Earth orbit for more than thirty years. SCD-1 was designed, developed, built, and tested by Brazilian scientists, engineers, and technicians working at [[INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais|National Institute of Space Research]] and in Brazilian industries. It was made to be launched with a Brazilian rocket in 1989. Once it was officially recognized that the rocket could not be completed until many years later, SCD-1, after undergoing minor adaptations, was finally launched with a [[Pegasus rocket]] made by [[Orbital Sciences]]. The rocket was launched from a [[B-52]] airplane while flying over the Atlantic Ocean.

SCD-1 is an experimental communication satellite with an environmental mission. It receives data collected on the ground or at sea by hundreds of automatic data-collecting platforms (DCPs) and retransmits all the information in a combined real-time signal back to tracking stations on Earth. Applications include hydrology, meteorology, and monitoring of the environment in general. The data are used by agencies such as the Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies Center ([[Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Estudos Climáticos]]—CPTEC), hydroelectric power managers, and both private and governmental institutions with many different interests. An example is [[meteorological]] and environmental data collected in the [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] region, including the levels of [[carbon monoxide]] and [[carbon dioxide]] in the atmosphere. These data are transmitted to INPE and are used for monitoring [[forest fire]]s.

SCD-1 weighs approximately 110 kg and goes around the Earth every 100 minutes on a nearly circular orbit at about 760 km altitude.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.inpe.br/scd1/site_scd/scd1/osatelite.htm|title=1º Satélite de Coleta de Dados . SCD-1}}</ref> The inclination of the orbit with respect to the plane of the equator is 25 degrees, providing excellent coverage of equatorial, tropical, and subtropical regions (up to about 35 degrees of latitude) around the world. The spin-stabilized spacecraft has the shape of an octagonal prism, with a diameter of 1 meter and a height near 70 cm without the antennas that are mounted on both base surfaces. It was originally designed for a life of one year with 80% probability, but it has survived 30 years in operation (as of 2023)<ref name="INPE comemora 30 anos do Satélite de Coleta de Dados – SCD 1 em Cerimônia Alusiva">{{cite news |url=https://www.gov.br/inpe/pt-br/assuntos/ultimas-noticias/inpe-comemora-30-anos-do-satelite-de-coleta-de-dados-2013-scd-1-em-cerimonia-alusiva|title=INPE comemora 30 anos do Satélite de Coleta de Dados – SCD 1 em Cerimônia Alusiva}}</ref> without any crippling functional failure. However, since its chemical (nickel-cadmium) batteries are now completely run down, the satellite can no longer be used while it is in the Earth's shadow.

After the buzz of the [[New Horizons]] spacecraft flyby of [[NASA]] in July 2015, revealing feature and characteristics on [[Pluto]], the [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) will scan an area on the surface of Pluto, which possibly will be named after the Sátelite Coleta de Dados (SCD-1), as “[[Coleta de Dados Colles|Coleta de Dados]]”, located in the large [[Tombaugh Regio]], inside the area [[Sputnik Planitia]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ourpluto.org/maps | title = Informal Names for the Features on Pluto and Charon | publisher = Our Pluto | date = 28 Jul 2015 | access-date = 6 August 2015 | archive-date = 3 August 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180803224224/http://www.ourpluto.org/maps | url-status = dead }}</ref>

More than thirty companies were involved in the production of the SCD-1, with INPE itself providing much of the electronics.

==SCD-2A== {{Infobox spaceflight | name = SCD-2A | image = | image_caption = | insignia =

| spacecraft_bus = | manufacturer = [[INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais|INPE]] | dry_mass = | launch_mass = {{convert|115.0|kg|lb}} | power = 110 W

| launch_date = {{start-date|November 02, 1997|timezone=yes}} | launch_rocket = [[VLS-1]] [[VLS-1 V01|V1]] | launch_site = [[Alcântara Launch Center|Alcântara]] VLS Pad | launch_contractor =

| disposal_type = | deactivated = | last_contact =  | decay_date =

| orbit_epoch = Planned | orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]] | orbit_regime = [[Circular orbit|Circular]] | orbit_periapsis = | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|3|km|mi}} | orbit_inclination = | orbit_semimajor = | orbit_eccentricity = | orbit_period = | apsis = gee }}

'''SCD-2A''' (Satélite de Coleta de Dados 2A in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]) was a [[Brazil]]ian data collection satellite that was fully designed, built, and qualified in [[Brazil]].<ref>[http://www.inpe.br/acessoainformacao/node/429 Os satélites SCD e CBERS são totalmente brasileiros?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092441/http://www3.inpe.br/acessoainformacao/node/429 |date=2015-05-18 }}. [[National Institute for Space Research|INPE]]. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</ref> SCD-2A was almost identical to SCD-2, which was successfully launched in 1998. SCD-2A was lost in the [[VLS-1 V01|inaugural launch]] of the Brazilian rocket [[VLS-1]] in 1997.

SCD-2A was launched on November 2, 1997, by means of a VLS-1 rocket from the [[Alcântara Launch Center]] in the state of [[Maranhão]], Brazil. It had a mass of 115 kilograms.<ref>[http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/scd-2.htm SCD 2, 2A]. Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 31 March 2017.</ref> The satellite was lost due to an ignition failure in one of the first-stage thrusters during the first few seconds of flight, which required activation of the vehicle's self-destruct command.

== SCD-2 == {{Infobox spaceflight | name = SCD-2 (Satélite de Coleta de Dados) | image = SCD-2 em solo.jpg | image_caption = | insignia =

| mission_type = Earth orbiter | operator = [[INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais|INPE]] | website = [http://www.inpe.br/scd1/site_scd/scd1/osatelite.htm SCD-2] | COSPAR_ID = [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-060A 1998-060A] | SATCAT = 22490 | mission_duration =

| spacecraft_bus = | manufacturer = [[INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais|INPE]] | dry_mass = | launch_mass = {{convert|115.0|kg|lb|0}} | power = 70.0 W

| launch_date = {{start-date|October 23, 1998, 00:02:00|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_rocket = [[Pegasus rocket|Pegasus]] H | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] | launch_contractor =

| disposal_type = | deactivated = | last_contact =  | decay_date =

| orbit_epoch = 20 January 2015, 18:31:41 UTC | orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]] | orbit_regime = | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|740.8|km|mi|sp=us}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|765.4|km|mi|sp=us}} | orbit_inclination = 24.9959° | orbit_semimajor = {{convert|7124|km|mi|sp=us}} | orbit_eccentricity = 0.0017301 | orbit_period = 99.7 minutes | orbit_RAAN = 150.2763 degrees | orbit_arg_periapsis = | orbit_mean_anomaly = | orbit_mean_motion = 85784 | apsis = gee }}

SCD-2 has the function to collect the environmental data to be later picked up by tracer stations and be distributed to organizations and to various users. SCD-2 was launched on October 23, 1998, by a [[Pegasus rocket|Pegasus]] rocket, that was transported under the wing of a Lockheed L-1011 Tristar, that launched it from 13 km altitude. It is the second satellite of MECB - [[Brazilian space program|Complete Brazilian Space Mission]] - program developed by INPE. Its solar panels were built with technology developed in [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Brazil]], in partnership with the project team of the satellite's power subsystem by [[INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais|INPE]].

On its 10th birthday, on 23 October 2008, SCD-2 had completed 52,807 orbits around the Earth. Within a decade, it had covered a distance of 2,365,088,861 kilometers, which corresponds to 3,112 times round trips to the moon and back (distance between Earth and the Moon: approximately 236,000 miles).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.inpe.br/noticias/noticia.php?Cod_Noticia=501|title = SCD-2: Sete anos em órbita}}</ref> SCD-2 has now more than doubled these figures, having completed its second decade of successful operation in orbit.

== See also == {{Portal|Spaceflight}} *[[CBERS]]

== References == {{reflist}} {{Country study}}

== External links == * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/brazil/scd.htm Satellite page on Globalsecurity.org] * [http://www.inpe.br/scd1/site_scd/index.htm Satélite de Coleta de Dados SCD-1] * {{Cite book|url=http://mtc-m16.sid.inpe.br/rep/sid.inpe.br/marciana/2004/10.05.10.05?metadatarepository=sid.inpe.br/marciana/2004/10.05.10.05.34&ibiurl.backgroundlanguage=pt-BR&ibiurl.requiredsite=mtc-m16.sid.inpe.br+800&requiredmirror=sid.inpe.br/banon/2003/08.15.17.40.18&searchsite=bibdigital.sid.inpe.br:80&searchmirror=sid.inpe.br/bibdigital@80/2006/04.07.15.50.13|title=O Brasil Chega ao Espaço: SCD-1 Satélite de Coleta de Dados|trans-title=Brazil Reaches the Space: SCD-1 Data Collection Satellite|publisher=Proposta Editorial|author=Fabiola de Oliveira|language=Portuguese, English|year=1996}} {{Brazil space program}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Satelite de Coleta de Dados}} [[Category:Communications satellites of Brazil]] [[Category:Data collection satellites]] [[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1993]] [[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1998]] [[Category:Spacecraft launched by Pegasus rockets]] [[Category:Satellite series]]

[[pt:Satélite de Coleta de Dados 1]]