{{short description|Indian politician}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = | name = S. C. Jamir | image = File:Governor S. C. Jamir with CM Naveen Patnaik and President Kovind (cropped).jpg | caption = | honorific_suffix = | office = 24th [[List of Governors of Odisha|Governor of Odisha]] | term_start = 21 March 2013 | term_end = 20 March 2018 | 1blankname = Chief Minister | 1namedata = [[Naveen Patnaik]] | predecessor = [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare|M C Bhandare]] | successor = [[Satya Pal Malik]] | office1 = 16th [[List of Governors of Maharashtra|Governor of Maharashtra]] | term_start1 = 9 March 2008 | term_end1 = 22 January 2010 | 1blankname1 = Chief Minister | 1namedata1 = [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] <br/> [[Ashok Chavan]] | predecessor1 = [[S. M. Krishna]] | successor1 = [[K. Sankaranarayanan]] | office2 = [[List of Governors of Gujarat|Governor of Gujarat]] | term_start2 = 30 July 2009 | term_end2 = 26 November 2009 | 1blankname2 = Chief Minister | 1namedata2 = [[Narendra Modi]] | predecessor2 = [[Nawal Kishore Sharma]] | successor2 = [[Kamla Beniwal]] | office3 = 12th [[List of Governors of Goa|Governor of Goa]] | term_start3 = 17 July 2004 | term_end3 = 21 July 2008 | 1blankname3 = Chief Minister | 1namedata3 = [[Manohar Parrikar]]<br/>[[Pratapsingh Rane]]<br/>[[Digambar Kamat]] | predecessor3 = [[Mohammed Fazal]] | successor3 = [[Shivinder Singh Sidhu]] | office4 = 6th [[List of Chief Ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister of Nagaland]] | term_start4 = 22 February 1993 | term_end4 = 6 March 2003 | governor4 = [[Lokanath Misra]] [[V. K. Nayar]] [[Oudh Narayan Shrivastava]] [[Om Prakash Sharma (Nagaland politician)|Om Prakash Sharma]] [[Shyamal Datta]] | predecessor4 = [[Vamüzo Phesao]] | successor4 = [[Neiphiu Rio]] | term_start5 = 25 January 1989 | term_end5 = 10 May 1990 | predecessor5 = [[President's rule]] | governor5 = [[Gopal Singh (politician)]][[M. M. Thomas]] | successor5 = [[K. L. Chishi]] | term_start6 = 18 November 1982 | term_end6 = 28 November 1986 | governor6 = [[S. M. H. Burney]] [[K. V. Krishna Rao]] | predecessor6 = [[John Bosco Jasokie]] | successor6 = [[Hokishe Sema]] | term_start7 = 18 April 1980 | governor7 = [[Lallan Prasad Singh]] | term_end7 = 5 June 1980 | predecessor7 = [[Vizol Koso]] | successor7 = [[John Bosco Jasokie]] | office8 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]] | term_start8 = 2 July 1987 | term_end8 = 2 April 1992 | constituency8 = [[Nagaland]] | office9 = [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]] | term_start9 = 4 March 1967 | term_end9 = 27 December 1970 | predecessor9 = ''Constituency Established'' | successor9 = [[Kevichüsa Angami]] | constituency9 = [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]] | prime_minister10 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] | office10 = [[Parliamentary Secretary]] | term_start10 = 5 May 1962 | term_end10 = 15 January 1966 [https://books.google.com/books?id=T9ZHJAjwyaUC]<ref>{{cite book |author=India Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs |title=Handbook on the Working of Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs |date=2004 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-194-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T9ZHJAjwyaUC |language=en}}</ref> | appointer10 = Jawaharlal Nehru | birth_name = Senayangba Chubatoshi Jamir | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1931|10|17|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Ungma]], [[Naga Hills District, British India|Naga Hills District]], [[Assam Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] <br/>(Now in [[Mokokchung district|Mokokchung District]], [[Nagaland]], India) | party = [[Indian National Congress]] | other_party = United Democratic Front—Progressive | spouse = {{marriage|Imkonglemla|1958}} | children = 5 including [[C. Apok Jamir]] | parents = Senayangba Jamir, Takatula | alma_mater = [[Scottish Church College, Kolkata]]<br/>[[Allahabad University]]<br/>[[University of Cambodia]] }}
'''Senayangba Chubatoshi Jamir''' (born 17 October 1931) is an Indian politician and former [[Chief Minister of Nagaland]]. He was Parliamentary Secretary to [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and Deputy Minister under [[Indira Gandhi]]. He also served on various gubernatorial positions, such as in [[List of governors of Odisha|Odisha]], [[List of governors of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]], [[List of governors of Gujarat|Gujarat]], and [[List of governors of Goa|Goa]]. He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third-highest [[Orders, decorations, and medals of India|civilian award]] in [[India]], in 2020.
== Early life == Chubatoshi Jamir was born on 17 October 1931<ref name="Sworn">{{cite news |date=19 July 2008 |title=S.C. Jamir sworn in Maharashtra Governor |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200807191653.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914025304/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200807191653.htm |archive-date=14 September 2008 |access-date=3 July 2023 |newspaper=The Hindu |agency=PTI}}</ref> to Senayangba Jamir and Takatula of [[Ungma]] Village.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/previous/JAMIR.htm |title=Hon'ble Shri Mohammed Fazal |access-date=21 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220052743/http://rajbhavan.maharashtra.gov.in/previous/JAMIR.htm |archive-date=20 February 2012 }}</ref> Jamir is the grandson of Jungshinokdang who in the late 19th century had met the American Christian Missionary Rev. [[Edwin W. Clark]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}} He did his early education in [[Mokokchung]], at Kolkata's [[Scottish Church College]] for his intermediate in arts,<ref>''Some Alumni of Scottish Church College'' in ''175th Year Commemoration Volume''. Scottish Church College, April 2008. page 593.</ref> and higher studies at [[Allahabad University]] from where he subsequently obtained his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] and [[LL.B.]] degrees.<ref>{{cite web |title=His Excellency Governor of Odisha Dr. S. C. Jamir |url=http://www.rajbhavanorissa.gov.in/governor.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806195950/http://rajbhavanorissa.gov.in/governor.asp |archive-date=6 August 2013 |website=rajbhavanorissa.gov.in |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref>
== Political career == Jamir was a member of the negotiation body that held talks with Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1960 leading to the establishment of Nagaland as a state within India.<ref name="Jamir Reference1" /><ref name=Sworn/> He was one of the signatories of the [[The 16-Point Agreement|16-Point Agreement]] which brought about the creation of Nagaland state and is today considered as one of the architects of modern Nagaland.
=== Member of Parliament === Jamir was nominated as the first [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Member]] from the state of [[Nagaland]] in year 1961.<ref name="Jamir Reference2" /> From 1961 to 1970, he served as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Parliament]] and during this period he also served as the Union Deputy Minister of Railways, Labour & Rehabilitation, from 1968 to 1970, and also served as the Union Deputy Minister of Community Development & Cooperation, Food and Agriculture.<ref name="Jamir Reference2" /> He was appointed the [[Parliamentary Secretary]] to [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], then [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] who was also in charge of the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]].<ref name="Jamir Reference2">{{cite news |title=SC Jamir sworn in as Odisha governor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sc-jamir-sworn-in-as-odisha-governor/story-oPH0MKlKCEaA3eBsrU6LAO.html |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=21 March 2013 |language=en}}</ref> He was a member of a [[UN]] delegation in 1962.
Having won the previous terms as Member of Parliament uncontested, Jamir faced the electorate in the [[1971 Indian general election]] pitted against [[Kevichüsa Angami]] from the newly formed United Front of Nagaland. Jamir was nominated as the candidate of the Naga Nationalist Organisation. In addition to the pledge towards effective measures for the early implementation of unimplemented clauses of the 16 point agreement, the party manifesto said,<blockquote>...the Naga problem was essentially a political one and a satisfactory settlement acceptable to all sections of Naga people and the Union Government was the only solution. The underground Nagas were an inalienable part of Naga society and they should be associated in the final settlement of the Naga political problem.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Aram|first=H.|title=Peace in Nagaland: Eight Year Story: 1964-72|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XL0BAAAAMAAJ| publisher=Arnold-Heinemann Publishers|year=1974|location=New Delhi|pages=264|isbn=9780883865279 |language=en}}</ref> </blockquote>The incumbent Deputy Minister of Labour in the [[Indira Gandhi]] government was easily defeated by Kevichüsa.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=12 March 1971|title=Union Minister from Nagaland loses|page=6|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In response to his defeat by a novice in electoral politics, Jamir said, <blockquote>The real cause for this election debacle was the activities of the army in the state and the tantalising offer made by the Opposition candidate to bring independence to Nagaland within a six-month period together with non-compliance of the Government of India with some of the legitimate demands of the ruling party in the State such as vesting the State Government with responsibility of law and order, refusal to give the State a separate Governor, non-integration of continuous Naga areas with Nagaland as demanded by State Government and lack of progress in respect of establishing permanent peace. The seductive calmness that has descended over our state is misleading. Peace hangs by a fragile thread.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aram|first=H.|title=Peace in Nagaland: Eight Year Story: 1954-72|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XL0BAAAAMAAJ| publisher=Arnold-Heinemann Publishers|year=1974|location=New Delhi|pages=267|isbn=9780883865279 |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>
=== Nagaland State Legislature === In October 1972, Jamir was arrested along with former Nagaland Chief Minister [[T. N. Angami]], and others on charges of complicity in the assassination attempt on [[Hokishe Sema]] in August.<ref>{{Cite news|last=The Times of India News Service|date=13 October 1972|title=3 ex-ministers arrested|page=1|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The incumbent Chief Minister [[Hokishe Sema]] refused to set up an enquiry committee to investigate the details that led to the arrest. Jamir along with others were released when the police could not find sufficient evidence to press charges. Jamir alleged that the confessional statement that led to his arrest was "prepared" by some interested officials "to meet their selfish end."<ref>{{Cite news|last=UNI|date=29 November 1972|title=Sema rejects plea for probe into arrest of MLAs|page=6|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
Jamir served as [[Chief Minister of Nagaland]] five times (1980, 1982–1986, 1989–90 and 1993–2003).<ref name="Jamir Reference1">{{cite news |title=Prominent Cong leader from Nagaland SC Jamir gets Padma Bhushan |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/prominent-cong-leader-from-nagaland-sc-jamir-gets-padma-bhushan-120012600517_1.html |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Business Standard India |date=26 January 2020}}</ref> For his first two terms he was a member of the Progressive United Democratic Front, but by 1989 his party had merged with the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] from Nagaland for the term 1987–1992, but resigned in 1989.<ref name="Rajya Sabha">{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/alphabeticallist_all_terms.aspx |title=List of Rajya Sabha members Since 1952 }}</ref>
During the [[1991 Indian general election]], Jamir directly blamed the incumbent Nagaland Chief Minister [[Vamüzo Phesao]] for the ban imposed on [[National Socialist Council of Nagaland]] (NSCN), suggesting that it could not have been promulgated without the consultation of the state government. The central government headed by [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] had outlawed the NSCN along with [[United Liberation Front of Asom]] on 28 November 1990. Vamüzo denied that he was ever consulted on the matter. On another occasion, Jamir reteriated that the Naga political problem needed all sections of the Naga people to come together for a durable solution. "No solution was possible through a piecemeal approach," he added.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Munshi|first=Debashish|date=2 May 1991|title=Parties focus on NSCN ban|page=12|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
In 1997, during an interview with Nirmaiya Banerjee of the Times of India, Jamir asserted that peace talks with Naga underground groups would be successful only if the Central Government negotiates with all groups. He said,<blockquote>Those who understand the reality of the situation in Nagaland will understand that [only] talking to the Isak-Muivah faction of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland will not help. All groups must be invited.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Banerjee|first=Nirmaiya|date=28 November 1997|title=Centre must call all factions for peace talks, says Jamir|page=12|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref></blockquote>In his opinion, all Naga tribes residing in Nagaland must have a say irrespective of their population. Discussions between different sections of the Naga society should be encouraged.<ref name=":3"/>
=== Assassination attempt === Two men shot at Jamir in Nagaland House, Delhi on 19 November 1992.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=20 November 1992 |title=Jamir shot at in Delhi |work=[[The Times of India]] |page=1 |agency=PTI}}</ref> Five empty shells were recovered from the spot.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=25 November 1992 |title=Jamir's brother denies charge |work=[[The Times of India]] |page=7 |agency=PTI}}</ref> He was rushed to the [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences]] where he was admitted into the intensive care unit.<ref name=":1" /> This was the third attempt at his life within a year.<ref name=":2" /> Several students from Northeast India studying in Delhi were harassed by the police thereafter in the course of the investigation. Students from the Tangkhul Naga community were singled out for special attention. At a press conference, representatives from the [[Naga People's Movement for Human Rights]] (NPMHR) and the People's Union for Democratic Rights (PUDR) alleged that the police were harassing students, ordering them to report at the police station, detaining them, searching their rooms, and confiscating their belonging. Hence, some of the students had returned home while the landlords of others were asking them to leave.<ref>{{Cite news |last=The Times of India News Service |date=24 December 1992 |title=North-East students allegedly harassed |work=[[The Times of India]] |page=10}}</ref>
== Gubernatorial positions == [[File:The Vice President, Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari being received by the Governor of Maharashtra, Shri S.C. Jamir, on his arrival at Mumbai Airport on August 26, 2009.jpg|thumb|Then Vice President, [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] being received by S.C. Jamir, the Governor of Maharashtra, on his arrival at Mumbai Airport in August 2009.]] Jamir served as [[Governor of Goa]] from July 2004 to July 2008.<ref name="Jamir Reference1" />
Following the resignation of [[Maharashtra]] Governor [[S. M. Krishna]], on 6 March 2008, President [[Pratibha Patil]] asked Jamir to temporarily take the additional charge of Maharashtra.<ref name="Jamir Reference1" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Krishna resignation accepted, Jamir in charge of State |url=http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14618039 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417235054/http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14618039 |archive-date=17 April 2008 |work=Sify.com |date=5 March 2008 |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref> Jamir was formally appointed [[List of governors of Maharashtra|Governor of Maharashtra]] on 8 July 2008,<ref name="Jamir Reference1" /> while [[Shivinder Singh Sidhu]] was appointed to succeed him in Goa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three more governors shuffled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Three-more-governors-shuffled/articleshow/3212516.cms |access-date=10 October 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=9 July 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021041714/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-07-09/india/27896973_1_meghalaya-governor-bihar-governor-new-governor |archive-date=21 October 2012}}</ref> Jamir was sworn in as Governor of Maharashtra on 19 July 2008.<ref name="Sworn" /> In July 2009 he additionally took charge of [[Gujarat]] state during the medical absence and subsequent death of Governor-designate [[Devendra Nath Dwivedi]].<ref name="Jamir Reference1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archive/|title=Archive News|website=The Hindu|access-date=31 May 2019}}</ref>[[File:Dr. SC Jamir with Naveen Patnaik 01.jpg|thumb|Chief Minister of Odisha, [[Naveen Patnaik]] meeting Jamir as the Governor of Odisha.]]On 9 March 2013, he was appointed Governor of Odisha.<ref name="Jamir Reference1" /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/ashwani-kumar-appointed-nagaland-governor-s-c-jamir-odisha-governor-155731-2013-03-09|title=Ex-CBI Director Ashwani Kumar appointed Nagaland Governor, S C Jamir in Odisha|agency=PTI |date=9 March 2013 |magazine=India Today|access-date=31 May 2019}}</ref>
== Nagaland lottery scam == During his tenure as Chief Minister, the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India|Comptroller and Auditor General]] (CAG) unearthed a major financial scandal in the Nagaland state lottery amounting to ₹38,297 crore. The entire scam took place between October 1993 and November 1997. Jamir denied his government's involvement in the financial scandal but the special audit by the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India|Comptroller and Auditor General]] (CAG), ordered by the [[Union Home Ministry]], indicted both the Nagaland Government and the state's sole distributor of tickets, M.S Associates, for defrauding the public as well as the exchequer of the amount in July 1999.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rs 38 crore lottery scam unearthed in Nagaland |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/rs-38-crore-lottery-scam-unearthed-in-nagaland/ |access-date=10 October 2023 |work=The Indian Express |agency=UNI |date=25 July 1999}} The CAG report was authored by State AG who incidentally was brother of the Commander in chief of the then outlawed insurgent outfit NSCN (IM). Since the time the matter was raised during 2003, the State has been ruled by the regional govt. supported by NSCN (IM). The report estimated 800 Crore odd monthly as State income defrauded by the then government. There is no trace of similar income accruing to State government during the rule of subsequent govt, not even 1% of the amount allegedly defrauded. The whole allegation was thus unfounded and politically motivated.</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Suri |first1=Ajay |title=CAG indicts Nagaland Govt in lottery scam |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/cag-indicts-nagaland-govt-in-lottery-scam/ |access-date=10 October 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=24 June 1999 |language=en}}</ref> This case continues to be pending in the court till date.
== Personal life == Jamir married Imkonglemla, daughter of Senkalemba in 1958 and they have five children{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}. His younger daughter died in 1996, while his mother died in 2016, at the age of 101.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jamir's mother dies |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/jamir-s-mother-dies-116031300425_1.html |work=Business Standard |agency=PTI |date=13 March 2016 |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref> His son, [[Chubatoshi Apok Jamir]] is also a politician in the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2024 |title=C. Apok Jamir appointed Working President of NPCC |url=https://nagalandtribune.in/c-apok-jamir-appointed-working-president-of-npcc/ |access-date=3 October 2025 |work=Nagaland Tribune}}</ref>
He was conferred an honorary doctorate from the [[University of Cambodia]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uc.edu.kh/uce/event/1/4199/1/ |title=The University of Cambodia holds a ceremony awarding Governor of Odisha, S. C. Jamir with an honorary doctorate |website=uc.edu.kh |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref> In 2020 Jamir was conferred with the third highest civilian award—[[Padma Bhushan]]—in the field of public affairs.<ref name="Jamir Reference1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2020 Announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=197647 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref>
== References == {{Reflist|30em}}
{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Vizol Koso]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Chief Ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister of Nagaland]]|years= 18 April 1980 – 5 June 1980}} {{s-aft|after=[[John Bosco Jasokie]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[John Bosco Jasokie]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Chief Ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister of Nagaland]]|years= 18 November 1982 – 28 October 1986}} {{s-aft|after=[[Hokishe Sema]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[President's rule]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Chief Ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister of Nagaland]]|years= 25 January 1989 – 10 May 1990}} {{s-aft|after=[[K. L. Chishi]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[President's rule]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Chief Ministers of Nagaland|Chief Minister of Nagaland]]|years= 22 February 1993 – 6 March 2003}} {{s-aft|after=[[Neiphiu Rio]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Mohammed Fazal]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Goa|Governor of Goa]]|years= 17 July 2004 – 21 July 2008}} {{s-aft|after=[[Shivinder Singh Sidhu]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[S. M. Krishna]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Maharashtra|Governor of Maharashtra]]|years= 9 March 2008 – 22 January 2010}} {{s-aft|after=[[K. Sankaranarayanan]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Gujarat|Governor of Gujarat]]|years= 30 July 2009 – 26 November 2009<br/>(Additional Charge)}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kamla Beniwal]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Odisha|Governor of Odisha]]|years= 21 March 2013 – 20 March 2018}} {{s-aft|after=[[Satya Pal Malik]]<br/>(Additional Charge)}} {{s-end}}
{{Governor of Gujarat}} {{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2020–2029}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jamir, S. C.}} [[Category:1931 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Governors of Goa]] [[Category:Governors of Maharashtra]] [[Category:Chief ministers of Nagaland]] [[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]] [[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]] [[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]] [[Category:People from Mokokchung district]] [[Category:Governors of Odisha]] [[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Nagaland]] [[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]] [[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]] [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Nagaland]] [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1969–1974]] [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1977–1982]] [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1982–1987]] [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1989–1992]] [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1993–1998]] [[Category:Nagaland MLAs 1998–2003]] [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs]] [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Nagaland]]