{{Short description|Island}} {{For|Rutland Island in County Donegal|Rutland Island, County Donegal}} {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}} {{Infobox islands | name = Rutland Island | native_name = | native_name_link = | native_name_lang = | sobriquet = | image_name = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_map = Rutland I locale.png | image_map_size = 260px | image_map_caption = Outline map of the [[Andaman Islands]], with the location of Rutland Island highlighted | map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands | map_width = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|11.42|N|92.64|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | etymology = | location = [[Bay of Bengal]] | archipelago = [[Andaman Islands]] | waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]] | total_islands = 1 | major_islands = {{hlist|Rutland }} | area_km2 = 121.5 | area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census|publisher=Government of Andaman}}</ref> {{ref|Earthwatch}} | rank = | length_km = 18 | width_km = 11 | coastline_km = 69 | elevation_m = 433 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="nga">{{cite enroute|173|2017|278}}</ref> | highest_mount = Mount Ford | country = {{flag|India}} | country_admin_divisions_title = [[List of districts in India#Andaman and Nicobar (AN)|District]] | country_admin_divisions = [[South Andaman district|South Andaman]] | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Island group]] | country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Andaman Islands]] | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Island sub-group | country_admin_divisions_2 = Rutland Archipelago | country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsil]] | country_admin_divisions_3 = [[Port Blair|Port Blair Tehsil]] | country_largest_city = Bada Khari | country_largest_city_population = 169 | population = 347 | population_as_of = 2016 | population_footnotes = | population_rank = | population_rank_max = | density_km2 = 2.85 | density_rank = | density_footnotes = | ethnic_groups = [[Hindu]], [[Andamanese peoples|Andamanese]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = 744105<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |title=A&N Islands - Pincodes |date=22 September 2016 |accessdate=22 September 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323224041/http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |archivedate=23 March 2014 }}</ref> | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 031927<ref name="allcodesindia">{{cite web|url=http://allcodesindia.in/stdcode/andaman+and+nicobar.php |publisher=allcodesindia.in|title=STD Codes of Andaman and Nicobar|accessdate=2016-09-23}}</ref> | website = {{URL|http://www.and.nic.in/}} | iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]] | iso_code = IN-AN-00<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref> |additional_info = {{Infobox|child=yes | label2 = Literacy | data2 = 64% | label3 = Avg. summer temperature| data3 ={{convert|30.2|°C|°F}} | label4 = Avg. winter temperature| data4 ={{convert|23.0|°C|°F}} | label5 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]| data5 =1.48[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] | label7 = Census Code| data7 = 35.639.0004 | label8 = Official Languages| data8 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]] }} }} '''Rutland Island''' is an island of the [[Andaman Islands]]. It belongs to the [[South Andaman district|South Andaman]] administrative [[Districts of India|district]], part of the [[India]]n [[union territory]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-VillageDirectory/Directory/short_code_rural_35.pdf|title=Village Code Directory: Andaman & Nicobar Islands|publisher=Census of India|accessdate=2011-01-16}}</ref> The island is located {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} south from [[Port Blair]].

==History== The island used to be home to the [[Jangil]], one of the indigenous [[Andamanese peoples|Andamanese]] groups. The Jangil (also called "Rutland Jarawa" since they were thought to have been related to the [[Jarawa (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]] of South Andaman) occupied much of the interior of the island according to mid-19th century [[British Raj|British]] accounts; however, their interactions with outsiders were few and far between. Up to the early 20th century there are only a handful of documented encounters with Jangil individuals. The last documented encounter was in 1907, and when in the 1920s a more extensive expedition to the island's interior was conducted, no traces of their active habitation were found; the Jangil had become extinct.{{ref|AA}}

From time to time other indigenous Andamanese, such as the [[Onge people|Onge]] from Little Andaman Island to the south and [[Great Andamanese]] tribes to the north had also set up fishing communities on Rutland. However, with the great reduction in numbers of these peoples, and their (enforced) relocation to more restricted areas, the island no longer has any permanent indigenous settlement. There is a [[lighthouse]] at the slopes of the hill on the north of the island, about 2&nbsp;km from the landing point. <ref name="light">{{cite web|url=http://www.dgll.nic.in/LightHouse.aspx?Consent_id=162&Module_id=16&LocationId=10&LangId=1|publisher=www.dgll.nic.in|title=Government of India, Directorate General of Lighthouses and Lightships.|accessdate=2016-10-18}}</ref>

==Geography== The island belongs to the Rutland Archipelago and is located across the Macpherson Strait from [[South Andaman Island]]. It is separated from [[Little Andaman]] by the [[Duncan Passage]], and from North Clinque Island by Manner Strait. Mount Ford, 433m high, lies in the N part of the island; Mount Mayo, 227m high, lies in the S part.<ref name="nga" />

==Administration== Politically, Rutland Island, along neighboring Rutland Archipelago, are part of [[Port Blair]] [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]].<ref name="and">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |publisher=andssw1.and.nic.in|title=DEMOGRAPHIC – A&N ISLANDS |accessdate=2016-09-23}}</ref>

== Demographics == There are 6 villages on the island: Rutland village, R.M.Point village, Bamboo Nallaha, Kichad Nallaha, Bada Khari and Dani Nallah.

According to the [[2011 census of India]], the island has 119 households, with 347 inhabitants, speaking [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref name="ruc2001">Government of India (2008), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20111108071958/http://www.and.nic.in/stats/2008/IslandWise/southAndaman/RUTLAND.pdf Rutland Island]'' In Island Wise Statistical Outline, Accessed on 2012-07-16.</ref> The effective literacy rate is 64%.<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20&%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |title=District Census Handbook - Andaman & Nicobar Islands |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andaman & Nicobar Islands |accessdate=2015-07-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801173328/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20%26%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |archivedate= 1 August 2015 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011"/> ! !! Total !! Male !! Female |- | Population || 347|| 207|| 140 |- | Children aged below 6 years || 30 ||11|| 19 |- | [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0 |- | [[Scheduled tribe]] || 2|| 2|| 0 |- | Literates || 221|| 144|| 77 |- | Workers (all) || 217|| 167|| 50 |- | Main workers (total) || 195|| 152|| 43 |} The island has 53 [[hectare]]s of cultivated land, 237 [[cattle]] heads, 157 [[goat]]s.<ref name="ruc2001"/>

==Flora and fauna <span class="anchor" id="Flora & Fauna"></span>== Rutland Island is rich in marine life with the shallow waters near the island having a good representation of smaller fish and coral.The vegetation of Rutland Island is similar to that of [[North Sentinel Island]] with dry sandy soils. Although hilly, the island is overgrown with fairly open jungle and brush.

==Tourism== Rutland Island offers an ideal base for training [[open water diving|open water divers]]. Prominent tourist spots on the island include Jahaji Beach, Bada Balu, Manner Strait, Photo Nallah and Dani Nallah.<ref name="ruc2001"/>

==Rutland Water Project== As of 2012, the Andaman Public Works Department was planning to bring water from Rutland Island to [[Port Blair]] by underwater [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] across Mac Pherson Strait, from R. M. Point to Phongibalu in South Andaman. The pipeline would be about 1.2&nbsp;km long; the maximum depth of the strait at the planned location is 55 m. The pipeline was estimated to cost about 140 million [[rupee]]s.<ref name="ruwap">Kriti De (2012), ''[http://echoofindia.com/port-blair-rutland-water-project-2398 Rutland Water Project - APWD bats on ‘BOOT’ pitch]''. Accessed on 2012-07-16.</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}} * {{note|Earthwatch}} {{cite web |url=http://islands.unep.ch/IMB.htm |publisher=[[UN System-Wide Earthwatch]] |title=Rutland Island |access-date=11 January 2006 |archive-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617210211/http://islands.unep.ch/IMB.htm |url-status=dead }} * {{note|AA}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130520161055/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm#jangil#jangil#jangil Andaman Association on the Jangil]

{{Commons category|Rutland Island}} *{{Wikivoyage-inline|Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}

{{Portal|India}} {{South Andaman district |state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rutland Island}} [[Category:Islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]