{{Short description|Russian joint stock bank}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2016}} {{Infobox company | name = Bank Rossiya | logo = Bank Rossija logo.svg | logo_size = 250 | type = [[joint-stock company]] | key_people = Tatiana Polinko, CEO <br /> [[Mikhail Klishin]], Chairman of the Board of Directors | industry = [[Financial services]] | products = [[Financial services]] | revenue = ₽71 billion (2017) | founded = {{start date and age|1990}} | hq_location = [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia | website = [http://www.abr.ru/ www.abr.ru] | rating = ruAA ([[Expert RA]]) (2026)<br />AA(RU) ([[ACRA (rating agency)|ACRA]]) (2026) }} '''Bank "Rossiya"''' ({{langx|ru|Банк «Россия»}}), also known as '''Joint Stock Bank "Rossiya"''' ({{langx|ru|Акционерное общество «Акционерный Банк «Россия»}}), is a Russian joint-stock bank founded on June 27, 1990. Headquartered in [[Saint Petersburg]], it is among the largest banks in Russia by assets.
The bank's largest shareholder is [[Yury Kovalchuk]]. Following the 2014 [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]], Bank Rossiya became the first major Russian bank to expand its operations into the territory. Consequently, the bank and its primary shareholders were subjected to international sanctions by the United States, the European Union, and other countries. Following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] in February 2022, Bank Rossiya was among the first Russian financial institutions disconnected from the [[SWIFT]] international payment system in March 2022.<ref name="SWIFT2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.swift.com/news-events/news/message-swift-community |title=SWIFT Disconnects Designated Russian, Belarusian Entities |date=March 2022 |publisher=[[SWIFT]]}}</ref>
==History== [[File:Sankt-Petěrburg 017.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Rossiya's Headquarters on {{Ill|Rastrelli Square|ru|Площадь Растрелли}} in [[Saint Petersburg]]]]
===Communist Party ownership=== On August 23, 1990, a secret memorandum from Vladimir A. Ivashko, who was [[Gorbachev]]'s deputy general secretary, was issued to organize the transfer of [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] funds, CPSU financing and support of its operations through associations, ventures, foundations, etc. which are to act as invisible economics.<ref name=WP01021993>{{cite news |last1=Dobbs |first1=Michael |last2=Coll |first2=Steve |author1-link=Michael Dobbs (journalist) |author2-link=Steve Coll |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/02/01/ex-communists-are-scrambling-for-quick-cash/00a47cf2-1f47-4051-90cd-844e3e35643b/#:~:text=Typical%20of%20the%20new%20breed%20of%20international%20%22communist-capitalist%22,in%20their%20ongoing%20investigation%20of%20Communist%20Party%20finances. |title=Ex-Communists are scrambling for quick cash |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=1 February 1993 |access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=PalmerTestimony>{{cite web |last=Palmer |first=Richard L. |url=https://archives-financialservices.house.gov/banking/92199pal.shtml |title=Statement of Richard L. Palmer, president of Cachet International, Inc. on the Infiltration of the Western Financial System by Elements of Russian Organized Crime before the House Committee on Banking and Financial Services |work=[[United States House of Representatives|House]] Committee on Banking and Financial Services |date=September 21, 1999 |access-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-date=July 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729221747/https://archives-financialservices.house.gov/banking/92199pal.shtml}}</ref>{{efn|Richard L. Palmer, president of Cachet International, Inc., was the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] [[station chief]] at the [[Embassy of the United States, Moscow|United States Embassy in Moscow]] from 1992 to 1994.<ref name=PalmerTestimony/><ref>{{cite news |last=Foer |first=Franklin |author-link=Franklin Foer |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/03/how-kleptocracy-came-to-america/580471/ |title=Russian-Style Kleptocracy Is Infiltrating America: When the U.S.S.R. collapsed, Washington bet on the global spread of democratic capitalist values—and lost. |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208004338/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/03/how-kleptocracy-came-to-america/580471/}}</ref>}} Bank Rossiya was one of the hundreds of entreprises that CPSU financiers used to funnel the party gold away.<ref name=Forbes082008>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesrussia.ru/forbes/issue/2008-08/7645-yurii-kovalchuk-starshii-po-%C2%ABrossii%C2%BB|title=Юрий Ковальчук. Старший по «России». Ни в одной западноевропейской стране человек не может заработать миллиарды долларов за 5–6 лет, сказал президент Путин в конце 2003 года в ответ на вопрос об аресте Михаила Ходорковского. Юрий Ковальчук тогда еще не был миллиардером. Это оказалось нетрудно исправить | ForbesRussia|date=November 11, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111043331/https://www.forbesrussia.ru/forbes/issue/2008-08/7645-yurii-kovalchuk-starshii-po-%C2%ABrossii%C2%BB |archive-date=November 11, 2009 }}</ref>
In 1990, the CPSU committee of the [[Leningrad Oblast]] became Bank Rossiya's largest shareholder (48.4%),<ref name="vedomosti.ru">[http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2005/03/01/88331 Anna Shcherbakova. Interview with Mikhail Klishin, Director General of the Russia Bank.] [[Vedomosti]] #35(1316), March 1, 2005. (in Russian)</ref><ref name=Vedomosti01032005>{{cite news | url = http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2005/03/01/88331 | title = Не все определяется высокими процентными ставками. Интервью: Михаил Клишин, гендиректор банка "Россия" | trans-title = Not everything is determined by high interest rates. Interview: Mikhail Klishin, CEO of Rossiya Bank | work = [[Vedomosti]] | via = Компромат.Ru (Compromat.Ru) | issue = #35(1316) | last = Щербакова | first = Анна | date = 1 March 2005 | access-date = 28 January 2020 | archive-date = 23 March 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070323032941/http://compromat.ru/main/putin/bankrossia.htm | language = ru}}</ref>{{efn|Upon Rossiya Bank's registration on June 27, 1990, the [[Vladislav Reznik]] associated firm Russian Video ({{langx|ru|"Русское видео"}}){{efn|Russian Video was headed by TV director [[:ru:Рождественский, Дмитрий Дмитриевич|Dmitry Rozhdestvensky]]. It was associated with Andrei Balyasnikov, the former Assistant Secretary of the Leningrad City Committee for Ideology, who died in a car accident while Rozhdestvensky headed Russian Video, the retired KGB colonel Vladimir Grunin who was in charge of spying on foreign consulates in Leningrad and [[Mikhael Mirilashvili]], also known as Misha Kutaissky. In 1997, the [[:ru:«Медиа-мост»|Media Most Group]] gained control of Russian Video and [[Filipp Bobkov]], who masterminded the transfer of the Communist Party gold in the early 1990s, headed it until Media Most's liquidation in May 2001.<ref name=Stringer2003>[[:ru:Нерсесов, Юрий Аркадьевич|Нерсесов, Юрий]] (23 January 2003). [http://stringer-news.com/Publication.mhtml?PubID=1736&Menu=&Part=39 Жертвы иудейской войны]. stringer-news.ru website. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</ref><ref>Чижова, Любовь (29 May 2001). [https://www.svoboda.org/a/24226555.html Ликвидация ЗАО "Медиа-Мост"]. [[Radio Liberty]] website. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</ref>}} held a 13 million rubles stake compared to the CPSU's 15 million rubles stake which was held by the Leningrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union which Arkady Krutikhin ({{langx|ru|Аркадий Крутихин}}) headed.<ref name=Stringer2003/> All of the funds for the Russian Video stake came from the Leningrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party, too.<ref name=Stringer2003/> Others with stakes were Rus ({{langx|ru|Акционерное страховое общество (АСК) "Русь"}}),<ref name=Stringer2003/> an insurance company founded by [[Aleksey Aleksandrov]] ({{langx|ru|Алексей Иванович Александров}}) and headed by [[Vladislav Reznik]] from 1990 to 1995,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lobbying.ru/content/persons/id_436.html|title=Lobbying.ru | Резник Владислав Матусович|date=October 23, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023033743/http://www.lobbying.ru/content/persons/id_436.html |archive-date=October 23, 2008 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161026023357/http://www.anticompromat.org/alexandrov01/alexan01bio.html Александров Алексей Иванович: биография]</ref> and Digital Transfer, a Soviet-Belgian company.<ref name=АБРоссия>{{Cite web|url=https://lenta.ru/lib/14159557/|title=АБ Россия Российский банк, владелец «Национальной Медиагруппы» и «Согаза»|website=lenta.ru|access-date=July 6, 2013}}</ref> Bank Rossiya's total capital at registration was 31 million rubles.<ref name=АБРоссия/>}} but after the [[Soviet coup attempt of 1991|coup attempt]] in August 1991 the bank's activity was frozen on September 2, 1991 as it was CPSU-related.<ref name=Forbes082008/><ref name="The Origin of Putin's Oligarchy">[http://www.anticompromat.ru/oligarhi/ppo.html The Origin of Putin's Oligarchy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621073656/http://www.anticompromat.ru/oligarhi/ppo.html |date=June 21, 2006 }} by Vladimir Pribylovsky. Ms., October 11, 2005. (in Russian)</ref> It was the first commercial bank to hold accounts for the foreign economic operations of both the regional committee of the CPSU and the local management of the KGB.{{efn|The [[Zürich]] based law firm Dietrich, Baumgartner & Partners is the main law firm used by the controlling interests at Bank Rossiya. For example, to establish two new Swiss bank accounts at [[Gazprombank|Gazprombank Switzerland]] in Zürich for the beneficial owner [[Sergei Roldugin]], Vladimir Khotimsky, who is an investment manager at Bank Rossiya, emailed the Zürich law office of Andres Baumgartner, who is an American and is fluent in German, French, English and Russian, with instructions to "pass on Khotimsky’s orders—to enact loans or make share deals—to [[Mossack Fonseca]]’s branch office in the same town," and "The Panamanian firm then used its own network of offices in far-flung jurisdictions to operate anonymous shell companies, in the [British Virgin Islands], Panama itself, or Belize."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dbp.ch/en/baumgartner.php |title=Andres Baumgartner, Dr. iur., LL.M., Attorney at Law |work=Dietrich, Baumgartner & Partner Attorneys at Law (dbp.ch) |date=13 October 2023 |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013163150/https://www.dbp.ch/en/baumgartner.php}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dbp.ch/en/firmenprofil.php |title=Dietrich, Baumgartner & Partner Attorneys at Law: Profile |work=Dietrich, Baumgartner & Partner Attorneys at Law (dbp.ch) |date=13 October 2023 |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013163150/https://www.dbp.ch/en/baumgartner.php}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Harding |first=Luke |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/03/sergei-roldugin-the-cellist-who-holds-the-key-to-tracing-putins-hidden-fortune |title=Sergei Roldugin, the cellist who holds the key to tracing Putin's hidden fortune: The Russian president's best friend portrays himself as a modest musician, but leaked documents reveal his role in a secret money-go-round |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=3 April 2016 |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013162742/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/03/sergei-roldugin-the-cellist-who-holds-the-key-to-tracing-putins-hidden-fortune}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weiss |first=Michael |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/panama-papers-russian-mob-connection |title=Panama Papers' Russian Mob Connection. TANGLED WEB. The trove of leaked documents has already revealed the billions swirling around Putin. Now a Swiss firm named in the papers appears to have links to Russian organized crime. |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=13 April 2017 |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013161207/https://www.thedailybeast.com/panama-papers-russian-mob-connection}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nietlispach |first=David |url=https://medium.com/@davidnietlispach/putins-money-trails-in-switzerland-aed064d9ef34 |title=Putin's money trails in Switzerland |work=[[The Medium]] |date=28 March 2023 |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013183636/https://medium.com/@davidnietlispach/putins-money-trails-in-switzerland-aed064d9ef34}}</ref>}}
In December 1991 its activity was resumed, as the shares had been redeemed on December 29, 1991 by some member ventures of the [[Saint Petersburg Association of Joint Ventures|Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures]],{{efn|The president of the Saint Petersburg Association of Joint Ventures was Gennady Volodchenko ({{langx|ru|Геннадий Володченко}}) and its CEO of TSA was [[Vladimir Kozhin]] ({{langx|ru|Владимир Кожин}}) and Vladimir Putin oversaw its interests from his city office. In 1993, [[Vitaly Savelyev]] ({{langx|ru|Виталий Савельев}}) became the advisor to the board of Rossiya Bank.}} shares of which were held by [[Vladimir Yakunin]], [[Yuriy Kovalchuk]], [[Mikhail Markov (investor)|Mikhail Markov]], [[Viktor Myachin]], [[Andrei Aleksandrovich Fursenko|Andrei Fursenko]], [[Sergey Fursenko]], [[Yury Nikolayev]].<ref name="The Origin of Putin's Oligarchy"/>
===JV ''Neva Chance''=== The Austrian Russian joint venture JV ''Neva Chance'' received funds from the Revival of St. Petersburg Foundation ({{langx|ru|фонд «Возрождение Петербурга»}}), which was co-founded by [[Anatoly Sobchak]] and its CEO Alexander Margolis ({{langx|ru|Александр Марголис}}).<ref name=Smirnov>{{Cite web|url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_21450.htm|title=Навар на спасении // Куда ушли средства, поступившие на счета Международного благотворительного фонда "Спасения Санкт-Петербурга" - Компромат.Ру / Compromat.Ru|website=www.compromat.ru}}</ref><ref name=Ilyina>{{Cite web|url=https://versia-na-neve.livejournal.com/129173.html|title=Смерть ненужного человека|website=versia-na-neve.livejournal.com|access-date=October 9, 2011}}</ref>{{efn|In the 1990s, Alexander Valerievich Sobchak ({{langx|ru|Александр Валерьевич Собчак}}) who is a nephew of Anatoly Sobchak founded numerous strip clubs and escort companies in St Petersburg.<ref name=Ilyina/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.izvestia.ru/conflict/article35226|title=ИЗВЕСТИЯ.РУ Конфликты СОБЧАК РАБОТАЛ ПОД МАНЬЯКА Александр АНДРЮХИН|date=June 26, 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030626004343/http://www.izvestia.ru/conflict/article35226 |archive-date=June 26, 2003 }}</ref>}} A Los Angeles branch of the St. Petersburg Foundation was established by Mark Davidovich Lvovich ({{langx|ru|Марк Давидович Львович}}; b. [[Soviet Union]]), also known as Mark Neumann ({{langx|ru|Марк Нейман}}), who founded and headed the California firm Trada that received several hundred thousand dollars of "funds of UNI-REM" ({{langx|ru|"УНИ-РЭМ"}}) which Sergei Bagaev ({{langx|ru|Сергей Багаев}}),{{efn|In September 1996, Sergei Bagaev was murdered in Saint Petersburg on Shpalernaya Street ({{langx|ru|Шпалерная улица}})<ref name=Voschanov>{{Cite web|url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_26663.htm|title=Анатолий Собчак - фальшивая монета // Тень Собчака-2 - Компромат.Ру / Compromat.Ru|website=www.compromat.ru}}</ref>}} a colleague of Anatoly Sobchak at Leningrad University, headed.<ref name=Voschanov/> Leon Weinstein ({{langx|ru|Леон Вайнштейн}}), an assistant to Neuman at the Los Angeles branch, and his wife Gulnara Afanasyeva ({{langx|ru|Гульнара Афанасьева}}) were active with the St. Petersburg Foundation when it sponsored Sobchak's visit to Los Angeles.<ref name=Voschanov/>{{efn|Upon Sobchak's arrival in Los Angeles, Mark Neuman, Leon Weinstein, and Gulnara Afanasyeva met Sobchak.<ref name=Voschanov/>}}
JV Neva Chance established thirty companies including JV Casino Neva.<ref name=Smirnov/>
===Putin's capital support from Leningrad casinos=== Beginning in 1991, [[Vladimir Putin]] was St Petersburg's chairman of the supervisory board for casinos and gambling ({{langx|ru|Председатель наблюдательного совета по казино и азартным играм}}) and, in 1993, began issuing gambling licenses in which shares were gained by the city of St Petersburg in the company ''Neva Chance'' ({{langx|ru|«Нева-Шанс»}}) which owned the first St Petersburg casino AOZT Casino ({{langx|ru|АОЗТ «Казино»}}) because it had the same address and phone numbers as city hall, but later it became JV Casino Neva ({{langx|ru|СП «Казино Нева»}}) and opened on 19 August 1991.<ref name=Zampolit>{{cite web |url=http://zampolit.com/dossier/prigozhin-evgeniy-viktorovich/ |title=Пригожин Евгений Викторович |trans-title=Prigozhin Evgeny Viktorovich |work=Zampolit |access-date=8 January 2020 |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=NovayGazeta01092011>{{cite news |url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2011/09/01/45715-kto-takoy-prigozhin |title=Расследования. Кто такой Пригожин: Игорный бизнес, питерская дружба, ресторан в Доме правительства |trans-title=Investigations. Who is Prigogine: Gambling, Petersburg friendship, restaurant in the Government House |work=[[Novaya Gazeta]] |date=1 September 2011 |access-date=14 January 2020 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030090345/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2011/09/01/45715-kto-takoy-prigozhin |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=NovayaGazeta14102011>{{cite news |url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2011/10/14/46298-retsept-uspeha-lichnogo-povara-putina |title=Рецепт успеха личного повара Путина. Почему ресторатору Евгению Пригожину разрешили кормить нас блюдами, которые не портятся 21 день* |trans-title=Plots. The recipe for success for Putin’s personal chef: Why restaurateur Evgeny Prigozhin was allowed to feed us dishes that do not spoil for 21 days* |work=[[Novaya Gazeta]] |last=Петлянова |first=Нина |date=14 October 2011 |access-date=14 January 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415060410/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2011/10/14/46298-retsept-uspeha-lichnogo-povara-putina |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=NovayaGazeta08022012>{{cite news |url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2012/02/08/48148-komu-neva-dala-shans |title=Сюжеты. Кому Нева дала шанс: Игорный бизнес в Санкт-Петербурге начинали российские ОПГ и японские якудза. Под контролем мэрии. Уникальное свидетельство непосредственного участника событий |trans-title=Plots. To whom Neva gave a chance: Gambling business in St. Petersburg was started by Russian organized crime groups and Japanese yakuza. Under the control of the city hall. Unique evidence of a direct participant in the events |work=[[Novaya Gazeta]] |last=Иванидзе |first=Владимир |date=8 February 2012 |access-date=14 January 2020 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408220516/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2012/02/08/48148-komu-neva-dala-shans |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=Insider21042016>{{cite news |url=https://theins.ru/korrupciya/22764 |title=Путин глазами якудзы. Японский мафиози рассказал о своем бизнесе в Петербурге |trans-title=Putin through the eyes of the Yakuza. Japanese mafiosi spoke about his business in St. Petersburg |work=[[:ru:The Insider|The Insider]] |last=Кириленко |first=Анастасия |date=21 April 2016 |access-date=14 January 2020 |archive-date=23 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423211538/https://theins.ru/korrupciya/22764 |language=ru}}</ref>{{efn|The Austrian Russian Joint Venture ''JV Neva Chance'' formed the [[St. Petersburg]] casino ''Neva Chance'' which was registered in May 1992 and established in 1993.<ref name=Ivanidze>{{cite news |last=Иванидзе |first=Владимир |url=https://novayagazeta.ru/society/50920.html |title=Кому Нева дала шанс: Игорный бизнес в Санкт-Петербурге начинали российские ОПГ и японские якудза. Под контролем мэрии. Уникальное свидетельство непосредственного участника событий |trans-title=To whom the Neva gave a chance: The gambling business in St. Petersburg was started by Russian organized crime groups and Japanese yakuza. Under the control of the city hall. Unique evidence of a direct participant in the events |work=[[Novaya Gazeta]] |date=8 February 2012 |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=9 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209210941/https://novayagazeta.ru/society/50920.html}}</ref> Its co-owners were [[Novomatic]] with nearly all its shares and "Neva-Chance" (AOZT "Casino") which had the same address as [[Vladimir Putin]]'s Committee for External Relations and according to law was supposed to own a share in every St Petersburg casino.<ref name=Ivanidze/> The telephone number for "Neva-Chance", JV Casino Neva, and Putin's Committee for External Relations was exactly the same, too.<ref name=Ivanidze/> Neva Chance changed its name several times eventually becoming in 1997 the ''Admiral-Club'', however its taxpayer identification number and its registration location at Antonenko Street, 6, had never changed.<ref name=Ivanidze/> Through the Swedish Russian Joint Venture ''JV Petrodin'', proceeds from this casino or ''chorny mal'', which [[Viktor Zolotov]] acquired for Vladimir Putin, were used as capital to establish [[Bank Rossiya]].<ref name=Ivanidze/><ref>{{cite news |last=Кириленко |first=Анастасия |url=https://theins.ru/korrupciya/22764 |title=Путин глазами якудзы. Японский мафиози рассказал о своем бизнесе в Петербурге |trans-title=Putin through the eyes of the Yakuza. Japanese mafiosi spoke about his business in St. Petersburg |language=ru |work=[[:ru:The Insider|The Insider]] |date=21 April 2016 |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=23 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423211538/https://theins.ru/korrupciya/22764}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Кириленко |first=Анастасия |url=https://theins.ru/korrupciya/10407 |title=Мафия на госзаказе. Как новые кремлевские олигархи связаны с преступным миром |trans-title=Mafia at the state order. How are the new Kremlin oligarchs connected with the underworld |language=ru |work=[[:ru:The Insider|The Insider]] |date=2 July 2015 |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703111342/https://theins.ru/korrupciya/10407}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.fontanka.ru/2008/06/20/122/ |title=Крыша российской элиты |trans-title=The roof of the Russian elite |language=ru |work=[[:ru:Фонтака.ру|Fontaka.ru]] |date=23 June 2008 |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627025404/https://www.fontanka.ru/2008/06/20/122/}}</ref> Several prestigiously located casinos around St Petersburg are called ''Admiral.''<ref name=Ivanidze/>}} In 1992 or 1993 it changed its name to Laguna, then in 1997 to Admiral Club or more simply known as ''[[Novomatic|Admiral]]''.<ref name=NovayaGazeta08022012/> According to the [[Yakuza]] Kinichi Kamiyasu<ref name=YakuzaMalyshev28072016>{{cite news |url=https://www.mzk1.ru/2016/07/pochetnye-gosti-aleksandra-malysheva-yakudza/ |title=Почетные гости Александра Малышева – Якудза |trans-title=Honored guests of Alexander Malyshev - Yakuza |work=mzk1.ru |last=Артемов |first=Денис |date=28 July 2016 |access-date=16 January 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> who supplied slot machines with cash prizes to St Petersburg casinos in the 1990s from his [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], company Dyna Computer Service AB which was a subsidiary of the Masimichi Iida ({{langx|ja|飯田正道}}) ({{langx|ru|брата шефа Киничи из Осака Ииды Мисамичи the brother of Chef Kinichi from Osaka, Iida Misamichi}}) owned [[Osaka]] firm, Dyna Company Ltd.,<ref name=DynaCorporationOsaka>{{cite web |url=https://baseconnect.in/companies/7fd92668-9c9b-4276-9a05-ccc41dc2df00 |title=株式会社ダイナ |trans-title=Dyna Corporation |work=baseconnect.in |location=[[Osaka]] |access-date=16 January 2020 |language=ja}}</ref> the [[Tambovskaya Bratva|criminals]] [[Gennady Petrov]] ({{langx|ru|Генн��дий Петров}}),<ref name=PetrovOPG13032011>{{cite web |url=http://rusmafiozi.blogspot.com/2011/03/blog-post_2411.html |title=Геннадий Петров Лидер малышевской ОПГ |trans-title=Gennady Petrov Leader of the Malyshevskaya organized crime group |work=rusmafiozi |date=13 March 2011 |access-date=16 January 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> Alexander Malyshev ({{langx|ru|Александр Малышев}}),<ref name=MalyshevOPG13032011>{{cite web |url=http://rusmafiozi.blogspot.com/2011/03/blog-post_8784.html |title=Александр Малышев Лидер малышевской ОПГ |trans-title=Alexander Malyshev Leader of the Malyshevskaya organized crime group |work=rusmafiozi |date=13 March 2011 |access-date=16 January 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> and Sergey Kuzmin ({{langx|ru|Сергей Кузьмин}}) operated the casino through a Vladimir Putin issued license in order to establish JV Petrodin ({{langx|ru|СП «Петродин»}}) in 1991.<ref name=NovayaGazeta08022012/> JV Petrodin, which Kamiyasu owned a 35% stake and Gennady Petrov and Sergey Kuzmin owned a 65% stake through their company BXM ({{langx|ru|«БХМ»}}), used the money from the casinos to provide capital for [[Bank Rossiya]].<ref name=NovayaGazeta08022012/><ref name=Insider21042016/><ref name=Insider02072015>{{cite news |url=https://theins.ru/korrupciya/10407 |title=Мафия на госзаказе. Как новые кремлевские олигархи связаны с преступным миром |trans-title=Mafia at the state order. How are the new Kremlin oligarchs connected with the underworld |work=[[:ru:The Insider|The Insider]] |last=Кириленко |first=Анастасия |date=2 July 2015 |access-date=14 January 2020 |archive-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703111342/https://theins.ru/korrupciya/10407 |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=Fontaka23062008>{{cite news |url=https://www.fontanka.ru/2008/06/20/122/ |title=Крыша российской элиты |trans-title=The roof of the Russian elite |work=[[:ru:Фонтака.ру|Fontaka.ru]] |date=23 June 2008 |access-date=14 January 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627025404/https://www.fontanka.ru/2008/06/20/122/ |language=ru}}</ref>
===Capital outflows from the Soviet Union and Russia=== [[File:Moscow Gazprom Kommunarka building 2013-10 1380997567.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Rossiya's Central branch, town {{Ill|Gazoprovod|ru|Газопровод (посёлок, Москва)}}, [[Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug]], [[Moscow]].]] In March 1992, the [[Boris Yeltsin|Yeltsin government]] contracted [[Kroll Inc.|Kroll Associates]] to track down and find very large sums of money that had been removed from the Soviet Union prior to the [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt|August 1991 putsch on the Russian White House]].{{sfnp|Dawisha|2014|p=18}}<ref name=NYT920303>{{cite news | last = Bohlen | first = Celestine | title = U.S. Company to Help Russia Track Billions | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/03/world/us-company-to-help-russia-track-billions.html | newspaper = The New York Times | date = March 3, 1992 | access-date = April 30, 2018}}</ref> In 1992, First Deputy Prime Minister [[Yegor Gaidar|Yegor Timurovich Gaidar]] said, "Last year saw large-scale privatization by the [[nomenklatura]], privatization by officials for their own personal benefit."<ref name=CSM920304>{{cite news | last = Sneider | first = Daniel | title = Russia Goes After 'Party Gold': Money Communist officials allegedly shifted out of the country is called crucial to reform| url = https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0304/04021.html | publisher = Christian Science Monitor | date = March 4, 1992 | access-date = April 30, 2018}}</ref> Gaidar called the Communists and KGB officials criminals and that a "a vigorous search" for the money trails from state-owned capital had flowed abroad virtually unchecked before the collapse of the Soviet Union in the summer of 1991.<ref name=NYT920303/> On March 15, 1992, the Russian government froze all capital outflows from Russia.<ref name=NYT920303/> On April 4, 1992, Yeltsin issued “The fight against corruption in the public service” decree to provide for maximum transparency of officials and their institutions by providing a listing of their financial obligations, liabilities, securities, income, bank deposits, real estate holdings and their personal property and to prohibit officials from owning businesses.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kalinina |first=Alexandra |url=https://imrussia.org/en/nation/376-corruption-in-russia-as-a-business |title=Corruption in Russia as a Business |work=Institute of Modern Russia |date=January 29, 2013 |access-date=December 7, 2020 |archive-date=July 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728220115/https://imrussia.org/en/nation/376-corruption-in-russia-as-a-business}}</ref> In April 1992, Kroll Associates began their investigations with Joseph Serio heading the Kroll Associates efforts in Moscow.{{sfnp|Dawisha|2014|p=19}}{{efn|From 1990-1, Joseph Serio, an American, worked with the Soviet Interior Ministry as an American liaison.{{sfnp|Dawisha|2014|p=19}}}} Also, Joseph Rosetti, the vice chairman of Kroll Associates, was in Moscow to assist.<ref name=NYT920303/> The Kroll Associates determined that more than $14 billion in 1991 real dollars had been transferred from Switzerland to New York prior to the August 1991 [[Coup d'état#Putsch|putsch]].<ref name=CSM920304/> Also, the Communist Party of the former Soviet Union along with other government agencies, such as the KGB, had transferred more than $40 billion in 2014 real dollars out of the country.{{sfnp|Dawisha|2014|p=18}}{{efn|Other estimates show that the KGB had removed $50 billion in 1992 real dollars.<ref name=NYT920303/>}} The assets of the [[Vnesheconombank (Russia)|Vnesheconombank]] were frozen during the investigation.<ref name=CSM920304/> However, numerous transactions occurred to bypass the capital flow restrictions often with the British [[Barclays|Barclays Bank]] in [[Cyprus]] acting a money laundering center for public officials from Saint Petersburg and Moscow.<ref name=CSM920304/>{{efn|[[Vladimir Putin]] was in charge of the Committee for Foreign Liaison, ({{langx|ru|комитет внешних связей}}), the Committee for Foreign Economic Relations, or the Committee for External Relations during this period. Later, he was the advisor to [[Anatoly Sobchak]] until June 1991 while Sobchak headed the [[Lensovet|Leningrad City Council]] from May 1990 to June 1991. After Sobchak became the Mayor of Saint Petersburg, Putin became Sobchak's first deputy and later Sobchak's first deputy mayor. By 1990, Sobchak was reviled by the KGB for his uncovering of numerous irregularities and illegal actions by the KGB and former KGB officials.{{sfnp|Dawisha|2014|pp=55, 88}}}} According to [[Valery Makharadze]], the government's chief inspector, many joint stock companies were formed to provide an illegal means for capital outflows from Russia, such as the Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures{{efn|The Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures was formed in 1990 and had two joint ventures with Germany, one with the United States, and one with Finland (FILCO).{{sfnp|Dawisha|2014|p=65}}}} and KOLO.{{sfnp|Dawisha|2014|p=65}}<ref name=CSM920304/>{{efn|KOLO removed part of the assets of six defense and space complex firms.<ref name=CSM920304/>}} Numerous officials became wealthy [[Russian oligarchs]] including numerous former KGB officials, prominent Communists such as Oleg Belyakov and other former Communists who headed the party Central Committee department that dealt with the defense industry, as well as Leonid Kravchenko, who was the former head of the state television and radio company.<ref name=CSM920304/> [[Jules B. Kroll|Jules Kroll]], the head of the Kroll Associates, uncovered hundreds of illicit transactions with massive capital outflows.<ref name=Tikhomirov>{{cite journal | last = Tikhomirov | first = Vladimir | title = Capital Flight from Post-Soviet Russia | journal = Europe-Asia Studies | volume = 49 | number = 4 | page = 592 | year = 1997| doi = 10.1080/09668139708412462 }}</ref> This outflow of capital from the Soviet Union and Russia directly contributed to severe economic conditions in Russia during [[Presidency of Boris Yeltsin|Boris Yeltsin's second term]], leading to its collapse, and resulting in the age of [[Vladimir Putin]] as the [[President of Russia]].{{sfnp|Dawisha|2014|p=18}}
===During the Putin administration=== As of January 1, 2005, its major shareholders were [[Yuriy Kovalchuk]] with 37.6%, [[Nikolai Shamalov]] with 9.7%, [[Dmitry Gorelov]] with 9.7% and [[Alexei Mordashov]]'s [[Severstal]] group with 8.8%.<ref name="vedomosti.ru"/><ref name=Vedomosti01032005/><ref name="The Origin of Putin's Oligarchy"/> As of 2006, its major shareholders were Yuriy Kovalchuk (30.4%), Dmitry Gorelov (12.58%), Nikolay Shamalov (12.58%), JSC [[Transoil]] CIS (9.54%), JSC [[Severstal]] Group (7.15%), JSC Accept (3.93%) – owned by grandson of Vladimir Putin's uncle Michael Shelomov,<ref>{{Cite web|title = From the New Times: Putin and His 'Family' – Gazprom : The Other Russia|url = http://www.theotherrussia.org/2010/04/20/from-the-new-times-putin-and-his-family-gazprom/|access-date = 2015-05-21}}</ref> JSC Relax (3.65%), "Assistance to Business Initiatives" Non-Commercial Enterprise (3.08%), [[Russian Federal Property Fund]] (2.93%).<ref>[https://archive.today/20080515233652/http://www.stockmap.spb.ru/company/3022/0/ The Russia Bank], Stockmap.spb.ru</ref>
On December 28, 2006, [[Fitch Ratings]] assigned the bank negative ratings (Long Term issuer Default rating B−, Short Term rating B, National Long Term rating BB− (RUS)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928175733/http://www.fitchratings.com/corporate/ratings/issuer_content.cfm?issr_id=84358669 Fitch ratings] </ref>). As a subsidiary of the bank, ABRos Investment Company, had signed a non-transparent deal aiming to buy a considerable share of the [[Ren TV]] Media Holding (see below).<ref>[http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=3792 Fitch put ratings of the Russia bank in its Rating Watch list with a negative mark], Finnews.ru, January 9, 2007 (in Russian).</ref> During the [[2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis|2012–13 financial crisis in Cyprus]], more than one third (₽26.3 billion) of Rossiya Bank's total cash (₽85.4 billion) was frozen in Cypriot accounts.<ref name="Neva130628">{{cite news | title = У петербургского банка "Россия" в кризис на Кипре завис миллиард долларов: По оценке независимых экспертов, на кипрском депозите в период заморозки находилась треть денежных средств организации. | url = https://neva.today/news/u-peterburgskogo-banka-rossiya-v-krizis-na-kipre-zavis-milliard-dollarov-49155/ | language = ru | trans-title = The St. Petersburg Bank "Russia" in the crisis in Cyprus, a billion dollars: According to independent experts, a third of the organization's money was frozen in the Cyprus accounts. | publisher = Neva.Today | date = June 28, 2013 | access-date = May 12, 2018}}</ref>{{efn|In 2013, this was equal to one billion United States dollars.<ref name=Neva130628/>}} On June 28, 2013, its major shareholders were Yuri Kovalchuk 30%, Dmitri Gorelov and Nikolai Shamalov 10.5% each, [[Gennady Timchenko]] 8%, [[Gazprom]] about 16%, [[Alexei Mordashov]] 6%.<ref name="Neva130628" /> In October 2021, [[Svetlana Krivonogikh]] had a 3% stake in Rossiya Bank.<ref name="Istories20211003">{{cite news |date=3 October 2021 |title=Окружение президента |language=ru |trans-title=President's Entourage |work=[[istories.media]] |url=https://istories.media/dossier/2021/10/03/okruzhenie-prezidenta/ |access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref>
The U.S. government has characterized Rossiya Bank as Putin's personal cashbox.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Pandora Papers]] leak revealed that the bank built a network of shadow companies that kept offshore wealth for Russian elites.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-04-03 |title=All Putin's Men: Secret Records Reveal Money Network Tied to Russian Leader - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/panama-papers/20160403-putin-russia-offshore-network/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>
====Sanctions==== On March 20, 2014, the United States Government [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] added Rossiya Bank to the [[Office of Foreign Assets Control#Specially Designated Nationals List|Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN)]] as part of [[List of individuals sanctioned during the Ukrainian crisis|sanctions]] taken in response to the [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]], placing restrictions on US trade with the bank.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions|title=OFAC Recent Actions|publisher=[[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Department of the Treasury]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-list-sdn-human-readable-lists|title=Specially Designated Nationals And Blocked Persons List (SDN) Human Readable Lists|publisher=[[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Department of the Treasury]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Treasury Sanctions Russian Officials, Members of the Russian Leadership's Inner Circle, And An Entity For Involvement in the Situation in Ukraine |url=http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl23331.aspx |publisher= United States Treasury Department |date=March 20, 2014 |access-date=2014-03-20}}</ref><ref name=Sanctions>{{cite web | last = Shuklin | first = Peter | title = Putin's inner circle: who got in a new list of US sanctions | url = https://news.liga.net/articles/politics/1066761-blizhniy_krug_putina_kto_popal_v_novyy_spisok_sanktsiy_ssha.htm | publisher = liga.net | date = March 21, 2014 | access-date = February 20, 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150207152258/http://news.liga.net/articles/politics/1066761-blizhniy_krug_putina_kto_popal_v_novyy_spisok_sanktsiy_ssha.htm | archive-date = February 7, 2015 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Visa and Mastercard stopped processing the bank's payment as a result.<ref name="krymfirst"/>
In response, [[Vladimir Putin]] announced that he would open a ruble-only account with Bank Rossiya and would make it the primary bank in the newly annexed Crimea as well as giving the right to service payments on Russia's $36 billion wholesale [[electricity market]] – which gave the bank $112 million annually from commission charges alone.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/sanctioned-bank-rossiya-to-service-36bln-domestic-electricity-market/498012.html|title = Sanctioned Bank Rossiya to Service $36Bln Domestic Electricity Market|last = Hobson|first = Peter|date = April 14, 2014}}</ref> Bank Rossiya also announced plans to expand into the Crimean market, becoming the first major Russian bank to do so.<ref name="krymfirst">{{cite news |title=Sanctioned Bank Rossiya Becomes First Major Russian Bank to Expand in Crimea|url=https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/sanctioned-bank-rossiya-becomes-first-major-russian-bank-to-expand-in-crimea-34000|access-date=28 August 2017|work=The Moscow Times}}</ref>
As of January 2019, Bank Rossiya had become the most important investor in Russia's development of its annexation of [[Crimea]] during the ongoing [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref name=Insru29012019/> The bank continued its heavy investments in the occupied peninsula, acquiring the Crimean Winemaking Factory in September 2025 (whose assets had been nationalized in 2023) and purchasing 24 hectares of land in [[Feodosia]] for elite tourist complexes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F |title=Банк Россия |work=[[TAdviser]] |date=2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Yakunina |first=Yulia |url=https://ligasommelier.ru/bank-rossiya-vykupil-krymskij-vinzavod/ |title=Банк «Россия» выкупил Крымский винзавод |trans-title=Bank Rossiya bought Crimean Wine Factory |work=Sommelier League of Russia |date=2 October 2025}}</ref><ref name=Insru29012019>{{cite news |last=Васильев |first=Андрей |url=https://theins.ru/korrupciya/137605 |title=После Ротенберга хоть камни с неба. Как Крым стал прибыльным бизнесом для друзей Путина |trans-title=After Rotenberg, even stones from the sky. How Crimea became a profitable business for Putin's friends |language=ru |work=[[:ru:Insider|Insider]] |date=25 January 2019 |access-date=20 November 2020 |archive-date=29 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129180253/https://theins.ru/korrupciya/137605}}</ref>
On February 22, 2022, British Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]] announced sanctions against five banks, including Rossiya Bank.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60454795|title=Ukraine invaded: Casualties as fighting rages after Russian attack|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Additional sanctions prohibiting correspondent banking relationships were imposed in December 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Financial Sanctions Notice 15/12/2023 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/658057fa95bf65000d719226/Notice_Russia_151223.pdf |date=15 December 2023}}</ref>
Following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] in February 2022, Bank Rossiya was among the first Russian financial institutions to be disconnected from the [[SWIFT]] international payment system in March 2022 by the [[European Union]].<ref name="SWIFT2022" />
== Financial data == {| class="wikitable" ! Date !! Asset worth !! Rank in Russia |- | April 1, 2005 || ₽12.2 billion || 68 |- | October 1, 2006 || ₽30.2 billion || 44 |- | April 1, 2010 || ₽105.9 billion || 37 |- | April 1, 2015 || ₽508 billion<ref>{{Cite web|title = Rossiya bank {{!}} Банки.ру|url = http://www.banki.ru/banks/engbanks/bank/?id=68683|website = www.banki.ru|access-date = 2015-05-21}}</ref> || 17 |- | October 1, 2020 || ₽1.072 trillion || 14 |- | December 31, 2023 || ₽1.319 trillion<ref>{{cite news|title=Кадровые перестановки в правлении банка «Россия»|url=https://ttfinance.ru/news/kadrovye-perestanovki-v-pravlenii-banka-rossiya|date=17 April 2024|publisher=TT Finance / Interfax}}</ref> || 14 |}
== Ratings and rankings ==
=== Credit ratings === Bank Rossiya holds high investment-grade credit ratings on the Russian national scale from major domestic rating agencies. In February 2021, [[Expert RA]] assigned the bank a credit rating of "ruAA" with a stable outlook,<ref name="ExpertRA">{{Cite web|url=https://raexpert.ru/database/companies/ab_russia/|title=АО "АБ "РОССИЯ"|language=ru|website=raexpert.ru|access-date=1 June 2026}}</ref> which it subsequently affirmed in January 2026.<ref name="ExpertRA"/> Additionally, on June 1, 2026, the Analytical Credit Rating Agency ([[ACRA (rating agency)|ACRA]]) upgraded the bank's long-term credit rating to "AA(RU)" with a stable outlook.<ref>{{cite web|title=BANK "ROSSIYA"|url=https://acra-ratings.com/ratings/issuers/66|website=ACRA|access-date=1 June 2026}}</ref>
=== Retail deposit rankings === In August 2023, the financial analysis portal Brobank.ru ranked Bank Rossiya among the top 10 largest Russian credit institutions by individual deposit volume. The ranking, which assessed banks on parameters such as time deposits and active card accounts, placed the bank's total individual deposits at ₽204.62 billion as of July 2023.<ref name="example">[https://www.vbr.ru/banki/rossia/press/bank--rossiya--vosel-v-top10-krypneisih-bankov-po-symme-vkladov-fizlic/ Банк «РОССИЯ» вошел в топ-10 крупнейших банков по сумме вкладов физлиц]". www.vbr.ru. (in Russian).</ref>
==Management== The heads of its board of directors were, in order, Vladimir Kolovay, Andrei Katkov, [[Yury Kovalchuk]], and [[Dmitri Lebedev (businessman)|Dmitry Lebedev]]. The current head of the board of directors is [[Mikhail Klishin]], who transitioned to this position in June 2023.<ref name=Vedomosti24072008>{{cite news |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/library/articles/2008/07/24/pomoschniki-rossii |title= Помощники "России" Как ученому Юрию Ковальчуку удалось превратить мелкий обкомовский банк в бизнес-империю? Он никогда не использовал своих денег, а находил нужных инвесторов, объясняет один из его бывших партнеров |trans-title=Assistants of "Russia" How did the scientist Yuri Kovalchuk manage to turn a small Obkomov bank into a business empire? He never used his money, but found the right investors, one of his former partners explains. |work=[[Vedomosti|"Ведомости"]] |issue=136 (2158) |last1=Резник |first1= Ирина |last2=Петрова |first2=Ольга |date=24 July 2008 |access-date=28 January 2020 |archive-date=10 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910053034/https://www.vedomosti.ru/library/articles/2008/07/24/pomoschniki-rossii |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/showpicture.shtml?2008/07/24/156079_a_pic1 |title=Как устроен бизнес Юрий Ковальчук |trans-title=How arranges business Yuri Kovalchuk |language=ru |work=[[Vedomosti|"Ведомости"]] |date=24 July 2008 |access-date=22 June 2021 |archive-date=24 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724000000/https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/showpicture.shtml?2008/07/24/156079_a_pic1}} [http://www.compromat.ru/imgup/converted_27268.gif Alt URL]</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/showpicture.shtml?2008/07/24/156079_a_pic2 |title=Лица "России" |trans-title=Faces Rossiya Bank |language=ru |work=[[Vedomosti|"Ведомости"]] |date=24 July 2008 |access-date=22 June 2021 |archive-date=24 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724000000/https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/showpicture.shtml?2008/07/24/156079_a_pic2}} [http://www.compromat.ru/imgup/converted_27269.gif Alt URL]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rospres.com/government/2240/|title=Вся подноготная бизнес-империи Юрия Ковальчука|trans-title=All the ins and outs of the business empire of Yuri Kovalchuk|work=[[Vedomosti|"Ведомости"]]|via=rospres.ru|date=24 July 2008|access-date=8 October 2020|archive-date=20 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120220954/https://www.rospres.com/government/2240/}}</ref>
Director General and Head of the Management Committee:
* 1993–1995: [[Vitaly Savelyev]] * 1995–1998: Viktor Myachin * 1998–1999: [[Mikhail Markov]] * 1999–2004: Viktor Myachin * September 2004 – April 2006: Mikhail Klishin * April 2006 – June 2012: Dmitry Lebedev * June 2012 – September 2015: Evgeny Logovinsky * September 2015 – February 2018: Andrey Khorobrov * February 2018 – June 2023: Mikhail Klishin * June 2023 – April 2024: Kirill Krivoshchekov * April 2024 – present: Tatiana Polinko
On September 24, 2004, Viktor Myachin resigned from the Director General position and Mikhail Klishin, who had been the First Deputy Director General and held a 0.197% share, was appointed acting Director General.<ref>[http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=1468 Viktor Myachin resigned from the position of the Director General of the Russia Bank], Finnews.ru, September 28, 2004 (in Russian).</ref>
On December 10, 2004, Mikhail Klishin was appointed Director General, as the [[Central Bank of the Russian Federation]] had agreed to this decision.<ref>[http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=1730 Mikhail Klishin became the Director General of the Russia Bank], Finnews.ru, December 16, 2004 (in Russian).</ref>
On April 3, 2006, the board of directors appointed Dmitry Lebedev Director General and Head of the Management Committee. Mikhail Klishin (holder of a 0.159% share) was appointed First Deputy Director General. The Management Committee appointed on that day: Dmitry Lebedev, Oleg Anufriev, Alexander Germanov, Konstantin Gorbachyov, Faniya Kabalina, Mikhail Klishin, Galina Lebedeva, Alexander Markin, Oleg Filatov.<ref>[http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=2854 Dmitry Lebedev appointed Director general of the Russia Bank], Finnews.ru, April 5, 2006 (in Russian).</ref>
On December 26, 2006, the board of directors of the Bank elected its new Management Committee consisting of Dmitry Lebedev (Head, Director General), Alexander Germanov, Konstantin Gorbachyov, Faniya Kabalina, Mikhail Klishin, Alexander Markin and Boris Tikhonenko.<ref>[http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=3800 The Board of Directors of the Russia Bank confirmed the appointment of its Management], Finnews.ru, January 11, 2007 (in Russian).</ref>
==Subsidiaries== As of 2005, the bank is a shareholder of the following companies:<ref name=SpainArrests>{{cite web | last = Shleinov | first = Roman | title = Russian Businessmen Arrested in Spain on Charges of Operation a Criminal Organization Have Connections with Russian Government Officials, Politicians, Heads of State-owned Companies and Friends of Vladimir Putin | url = http://archive.premier.gov.ru/eng/premier/press/ru/3221/print/ | publisher = Russian Federation Office of the Prime Minister ([[Novaya Gazeta]] press release "Rossia & Company") | date = 2011 | access-date = February 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stockmap.ru/company/3022/0/|title=Россия. Банк|language=ru|website=stockmap.ru|access-date=May 15, 2008}}</ref> * JSC ABRos Investment Company (100%) * JSC Alfa Invest (100%)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stockmap.ru/company/3022/0/|title=Россия. Банк|language=ru|website=stockmap.ru|access-date=May 15, 2008}}</ref> * JSC ABR Trust (100%) * JSC ABR Security Company (100%) * JSC ZEST (100%) * JSC Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti Editorial House (20%, increased to 35% in 2005) * JSC newspaper [[Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti]] (20%, increased up to 35% in 2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stockmap.ru/news/055593706/|title= :: 20% 35% :: |website=stockmap.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anticompromat.ru/oligarhi/ppo.html|title=Антикомпромат.Ру. Олигархи. Происхождение путинской олигархии|date=June 21, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621073656/http://www.anticompromat.ru/oligarhi/ppo.html |archive-date=June 21, 2006 }}</ref>) * JSC Fund for Regional Development of St. Petersburg (15%) * JSC Center for Innovative Management (10%). * JSC Red Chemist (7.36%).
In January 2005 it turned out that ABRos, a subsidiary of the bank, and Accept, one of its shareholders, held a 49.97% share and a 13.5% share of the [[SOGAZ|insurance group SOGAZ Ltd.]], respectively<ref>[http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2005/01/21/85958 SOGAZ sold to St. Pete] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017170655/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2005%2F01%2F21%2F85958 |date=October 17, 2007 }} by Pavel Miledin et al., [[Vedomosti]] #9 (1290), January 21, 2005 (in Russian, subscription required, full text freely available on [http://www.lenpravda.ru/reading1.phtml?id=7787 www.lenpravda.ru])</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rusbonds.ru/issuers/7154/news|title=Эмитент АО "АБ "РОССИЯ" (7831000122) Новости | RusBonds|website=rusbonds.ru}}</ref> after a 49.979% share of the SOGAZ group had been sold by the Russian gas giant [[Gazprom]] to an unnamed purchaser for ₽1.69 billion on July 26, 2004,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rusbonds.ru/issuers/81232/news|title=Эмитент АО "СОГАЗ" (7736035485) Новости | RusBonds|website=rusbonds.ru}}</ref> and in August 2004 Gazprom had sold 26% more of SOGAZ for ₽879.3 million.<ref>[http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2004/08/13/79597 Who sold SOGAZ?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017170652/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2004%2F08%2F13%2F79597 |date=October 17, 2007 }} by Pavel Miledin et al., [[Vedomosti]] #144 (1184), August 13, 2004 (in Russian, subscription required)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rusbonds.ru/issuers/6592/news|title=Эмитент АО АКБ "ЕВРОФИНАНС МОСНАРБАНК" (7703115760) Новости | RusBonds|website=rusbonds.ru|accessdate=November 18, 2023}}</ref>
In November 2005 ABRos Investment Company (chairman of the board of Directors since September 11, 2006: [[Lyubov Sovershaeva]])<ref>[http://www.bankir.ru/news/newsline/12.09.2006/61399 The Russia bank found a top-manager in the state service], ''[[Kommersant]]'' (in Russian).</ref> purchased a 37% share of the [[Petersburg TV and Radio Company]].<ref>[http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=2517 The Russia Bank buys a considerable share of the Petersburg TV and Radio Company], Finnews.ru, November 28, 2005 (in Russian).</ref><ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.html?DocID=644830&IssueId=30004 Yesterday], ''[[Kommersant]]'', January 30, 2006 (in Russian).</ref> Also it owns a considerable share of the Media Holding [[Ren TV]] (as of December 2006,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lenta.ru/news/2006/12/19/ren/|title=Друг президента стал акционером "Рен ТВ"|website=lenta.ru}}</ref>) On December 18, 2006 Lyubov Sovershaeva also became the chairman of the board of Directors of the Ren TV Media Holding (replacing [[Alexey Germanovich]], a [[Severstal]] Group representative).
As of 2008 and later in 2016, Bank Rossiya has large investments in [[:ru:Национальная Медиа Группа|National Media Group]] ({{langx|ru|Национальная Медиа Группа (НМГ)}}) both directly and indirectly through its 100% ownership of Abros which has a stake in National Media Group.<ref name=Forbes082008/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.compromat.ru/imgup/converted_27446.jpg|title=Банк "Россия"|accessdate=November 18, 2023}}</ref><ref name=RossiyaBankInvestmentsImage>{{cite web |url=http://www.dp.ru/images/article/2016/10/12/f54abb1b-a2c1-437c-a0c8-c726cc72f405.jpg |title=Структура Активов Миллиардера |publisher=[[Delovoy Peterburg]] |date=12 November 2016 |access-date=3 July 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413215637/http://www.dp.ru/images/article/2016/10/12/f54abb1b-a2c1-437c-a0c8-c726cc72f405.jpg}}</ref>
In August 2010, Sobinbank, an asset of Gazenergobank that had been formed by [[Alexander Mamut]], was acquired by Bank Rossiya when it took over Gazenergobank.<ref name=2016Banki>{{cite news |url=https://www.occrp.org/documents/bank-rossiya/5_Rossiya-bank-founded-in-1990.pdf |title=Rossiya bank |work=Банки.ру |date=6 March 2016 |access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref>
In the summer of 2012, ABR Management was established to manage Bank Rossiya's assets.<ref name=2016Banki/>
In 2016, Bank Rossiya's subsidiaries included Channel One, Channel 5, and Ren TV of the National Media Group CJSC, the leasing group Zest, and Sogaz OJSC.<ref name=2016Banki/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160618073127/http://stockmap.ru/company/3022/0/ Россия. Банк] Stockmap.ru website. Retrieved 22 June 2021.</ref>
In 2018, Bank Rossiya, Yuri Kovalchuk and Nikolai Shamalov through their investments in the [[:ru:Национальная Медиа Группа|National Media Group]] and its 100% ownership of Synerdzhy LLC ({{langx|ru|ООО "Синерджи"}}) and Otkrytie TV LLC ({{langx|ru|OOO Открытие ТВ}}) which is 100% owned by Media Alians (or Alyans) LLC ({{langx|ru|OOO Медиа Альянс}}) in which Bank Rossiya has an 80% stake, have close relationships with the [[John C. Malone]] associated [[Liberty Media]].<ref name=RossiyaBankInvestmentsImage/>
In August 2017, Bank Rossiya, through its subsidiary [[:ru:Собинбанк|Sobinbank]] ({{langx|ru|Собинбанк}}), was appointed as the rescue investor (sanator) of Crimea-based Genbank ({{langx|ru|Генбанк}}), acquiring 99.99% of its shares.<ref name="RBC29092018">{{cite news |title=Крым не спас: почему полуостров не стал индульгенцией для банков |trans-title=Crimea did not save: why the peninsula did not become an indulgence for banks |url=https://www.rbc.ru/finances/28/09/2018/5bab763b9a7947155e97669f |work=[[RBC (media group)|RBC]] |date=28 September 2018 |language=ru |access-date=1 June 2026}}</ref><ref name="Vedomosti23092018">{{cite news |last=Borisyak |first=Daria |title=Как ЦБ открыл Генбанку дорогу в Крым |trans-title=How the Central Bank opened the way to Crimea for Genbank |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/finance/articles/2018/09/20/781561-tsb-otkril-genbanku-dorogu |work=[[Vedomosti]] |date=20 September 2018 |language=ru |access-date=1 June 2026}}</ref> At the time, Genbank was the second-largest bank in Crimea with 190 branches.<ref name="RBC29092018"/> On October 28, 2020, Sobinbank was legally merged into Genbank, making Bank Rossiya the direct rescue investor and parent company of Genbank.<ref name="CBRGenbank2020">{{cite press release |title=Financial resolution of JSC GENBANK |url=https://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/event/?id=6632 |publisher=[[Central Bank of Russia]] |date=19 June 2020 |access-date=1 June 2026}}</ref><ref name="SravniSobinbank">{{cite web |title=Собинбанк |url=https://www.sravni.ru/bank/sobinbank/ |website=Sravni.ru |language=ru |access-date=1 June 2026}}</ref>
Beginning on January 20, 2020, the processing center of JSC AB Russia ({{langx|ru|АО «АБ «РОССИЯ»}}) provides processing services for the issue of bank payment cards and support for acquiring projects of [[Evrofinance Mosnarbank]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.evrofinance.ru/o-banke/novosti/ao-akb-evrofinans-mosnarbank-perevyel-bankovskie-karty-na-novyy-protsessing/ |title=АО АКБ «ЕВРОФИНАНС МОСНАРБАНК» перевёл банковские карты на новый процессинг |trans-title=JSC JSCB "EVROFINANCE MOSNARBANK" transferred bank cards to a new processing |language=ru |work=[[Evrofinance Mosnarbank]] (www.evrofinance.ru) |date=20 January 2020 |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705233222/https://www.evrofinance.ru/o-banke/novosti/ao-akb-evrofinans-mosnarbank-perevyel-bankovskie-karty-na-novyy-protsessing/}}</ref>
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Dawisha |first=Karen |author-link=Karen Dawisha |year=2014 |title=Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia? |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1476795207 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-1-4767-9519-5}}
==External links== * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{Official|http://www.abr.ru }} {{In lang|ru}} * [http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/600/42/368844.htm Bank Rossiya Emerges From Shadows] [[The Moscow Times]] July 10, 2008 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930171305/http://www.kommersant.com/page.asp?idr=500&id=660929 Rossia Bank to Reach Federal Level], ''[[Kommersant]]'', March 27, 2006. * [http://compromat.ru/main/putin/bankrossia.htm Anna Shcherbakova. Interview with Mikhail Klishin, Director general of the Russia Bank.] [[Vedomosti]] #35(1316), March 1, 2005. (in Russian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060621073656/http://www.anticompromat.ru/oligarhi/ppo.html The Origin of Putin's Oligarchy] by Vladimir Pribylovsky. Ms., October 11, 2005. (in Russian) * [https://archive.today/20080515233652/http://www.stockmap.spb.ru/company/3022/0/ The Russia Bank], Map of property in St. Petersburg (in Russian). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927080259/http://www.csr-nw.ru/content/news/default.asp?shmode=2&ids=2&ida=983 The country of opportunities. Interview with Yuriy Kovalchuk], [[Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti]], July 9, 2005 (in Russian). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070403125825/http://analytics.interfax.ru/2bank.html Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of April 1, 2005] [[Interfax]] (in Russian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070114082445/http://analytics.interfax.ru/1bank.html Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of July 1, 2005] [[Interfax]] (in Russian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070404064505/http://analytics.interfax.ru/tab_bank.html Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of October 1, 2005] [[Interfax]] (in Russian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061206115054/http://analytics.interfax.ru/10bank.html Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of January 1, 2006.] [[Interfax]] (in Russian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061206115143/http://analytics.interfax.ru/14bank.html Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of April 1, 2006.] [[Interfax]] (in Russian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061206115157/http://analytics.interfax.ru/15bank.html Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of July 1, 2006.] [[Interfax]] (in Russian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070207013350/http://analytics.interfax.ru/16bank.html Main Indicators of Bank Activities as of October 1, 2006.] [[Interfax]] (in Russian) * [http://www.yurileving.com/uploads/2/3/7/7/23779748/dawisha_putins_kleptocracy.pdf Putin's Kleptocracy] by [[Karen Dawisha]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200129030026/http://www.yurileving.com/uploads/2/3/7/7/23779748/dawisha_putins_kleptocracy.pdf Archived] on January 29, 2020.
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