{{Short description|British World War I flying ace}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} <!-- This article is a part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Military. --> {{Infobox military person | name = Russell Winnicot | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1898|5|24}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1917|12|6|1898|5|24}} | birth_place = Plymouth, England | death_place = | burial_label = | burial_place = Varennes Military Cemetery, Somme, France | burial_coordinates = {{coord|50|03|16|N|2|31|36|E|display=inline,title}} | nickname = | allegiance = United Kingdom | branch = British Army | service_years = 1915–1917 | rank = Lieutenant | unit = Devonshire Regiment<br/>No. 41 Squadron RFC | commands = | battles = World War I<br/>{{*}}Western Front | awards = Military Cross | relations = | other_work = }} Lieutenant '''Russell Winnicott''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|MC}} (24 May 1898 – 6 December 1917) was an English World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories.<ref name="theaerodrome">{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/winnicott.php |title=Russell Winnicott |work=The Aerodrome |year=2016 |access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref>
==Early life== Winnicot was the youngest son of Alderman Richard Weeks Winnicott and Anne Smith Winnicott of Mannamead, Plymouth.<ref name="devonheritage">{{cite web |url=http://www.devonheritage.org/Places/DevonCounty/Devreg62WtoZ.htm |title=Devon Officers who Died in the Great War (W to Z) |first=M. E. |last=Brine |work=Devon Heritage.org |year=2011 |access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1917/1917%20-%201394.html |title=Personals: Casualties |issue=470 |volume=IX |page=1376 |journal=Flight |date=27 December 1917 |access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref>
==World War I== Winnicott was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Devonshire Regiment on 2 October 1915,<ref>{{London Gazette |date=1 October 1915 |issue=29312 |page=9663 |nolink=yes}}</ref> and was appointed a temporary lieutenant on 15 October 1916.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=13 October 1916 |supp=y |issue=29784 |page=9928 |nolink=yes}}</ref> He was seconded for duty with the Royal Flying Corps on 11 November 1916,<ref>{{London Gazette |date=5 December 1916 |supp=y |issue=29852 |page=11950 |nolink=yes}}</ref> and was appointed a flying officer the same day.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=1 December 1916 |supp=y |issue=29847 |page=11826 |nolink=yes}}</ref> He relinquished his temporary rank on 12 April 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=10 April 1917 |supp=y |issue=30014 |page=3469 |nolink=yes}}</ref>
Winnicott was posted No. 41 Squadron RFC to fly an Airco DH.5 single-seat fighter, and gained his first aerial victory on 6 September 1917, driving down an Albatros reconnaissance aircraft out of control. He scored three more times in September; then his fifth and sixth victories on 30 September made him an ace. He scored again in mid-October, on the 18th.<ref name="theaerodrome"/> On 26 October 1917 Winnicott was awarded the Military Cross.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=26 October 1917 |supp=y |issue=30355 |page=11110 |nolink=yes}}</ref> There was a pause in his scoring while he upgraded to a SE.5a. On 29 November, Winnicott shared a triumph with fellow ace Loudoun MacLean and two other pilots. The next day, Winnicott destroyed an Albatros D.V at 1340 hours; 20 minutes later, he teamed with MacLean, Meredith Thomas, and Frank Harold Taylor to drive a German two-seater down out of control over Rumilly to become a double ace. His final tally was two enemy aircraft destroyed, eight driven down out of control.<ref name="theaerodrome"/><ref name=trenches>Shores, et al, pp. 387–388.</ref>
Russell Winnicott was killed in a flying accident on 6 December 1917,<ref name="theaerodrome"/><ref name="devonheritage"/> when he collided with another aircraft,<ref name=trenches/> and is buried in the Military Cemetery in Varennes, Somme.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/73790/WINNICOTT,%20RUSSELL |title=Casualty Details: Winnicott, Russell |work=Commonwealth War Graves Commission |year=2016 |access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref> On 29 January 1918, he was posthumously promoted to lieutenant, effective 1 July 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette |date=25 January 1918 |supp=y |issue=30499 |page=1418 |nolink=yes}}</ref>
===List of aerial victories=== {{See also|Aerial victory standards of World War I}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- |+Combat record<ref name="theaerodrome"/><ref name=trenches/> |- !No. ! width="125" |Date/Time ! width="100" |Aircraft/<br/>Serial No. ! width="100" |Opponent ! width="100" |Result !Location !Notes |- |1 || 6 September 1917<br/>@ 1335 || DH.5<br/>(A9218) || Albatros C || Out of control || Masnières—Lesdain || |- |2 || 18 September 1917<br/>@ 1115 || DH.5<br/>(A9218) || Albatros D.V || Out of control || Cambrai || |- |3 || 25 September 1917<br/>@ 1810 || DH.5<br/>(A9218) || Albatros D.V || Destroyed || South-west of Cambrai || |- |4 || 28 September 1917<br/>@ 1810 || DH.5<br/>(A9218) || Albatros D.V || Out of control || Bugnicourt || |- |5 || rowspan="2"|30 September 1917<br/>@ 1600–1630 || rowspan="2"|DH.5<br/>(A9218) || Albatros D.V || Out of control || Eterpigny || |- |6 || Albatros D.V || Out of control || East of Marquion || |- |7 || 18 October 1917<br/>@ 1530 || DH.5<br/>(A9218) || Albatros D.V || Out of control || Arleux || |- |8 || 29 November 1917<br/>@ 1050 || SE.5a<br/>(B667) || Albatros D.V || Out of control || Douai || Shared with Captain Loudoun MacLean, and Lieutenants D. V. D. MacGregor and E. M. Essell. |- |9 || rowspan="2"| 30 November 1917<br/>@ 1340–1400 || rowspan="2"| S.E.5a<br/>(B667) || Albatros D.V || Destroyed || North of Bourlon || |- |10 || C || Out of control || Rumilly || Shared with Captains Meredith Thomas & Loudoun MacLean, and Lieutenant Frank Harold Taylor. |- |}
==Honours and awards== ;Military Cross :Second Lieutenant Russell Winnicott, Devonshire Regiment & Royal Flying Corps. ::"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in aerial combats. In a fight against enemy scouts; he drove down two out of control. On another occasion, he destroyed an enemy scout, and on three previous occasions, he drove down enemy machines out of control. His dash and determination were of the highest order."<ref name="devonheritage"/><ref>{{London Gazette |date=15 March 1918 |supp=y |issue=30583 |page=3434 |nolink=yes}}</ref>
==Endnotes== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== *{{cite book | last= Shores| first=Christopher| last2=Franks|first2= Norman|last3= Guest | first3 = Russell| year= 1990| title = Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920| location=London| publisher=Grub Street| isbn=0-948817-19-4 }}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Winnicott, Russell}} Category:1898 births Category:1917 deaths Category:Military personnel from Plymouth, Devon Category:Royal Flying Corps officers Category:British World War I flying aces Category:Recipients of the Military Cross Category:Devonshire Regiment officers Category:British military personnel killed in World War I Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1917 Category:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in France