{{other uses}} {{Infobox river | name = Someș/Szamos | image = RO SJ Raul Somes la Letca (2).JPG | image_caption = The Someș at Letca, Sălaj County | map = Raul Somes.png | map_caption = The Someș marked in fuchsia color | source1_location = Confluence of Someșul Mare and Someșul Mic | source1_coordinates = {{coord|47|8|41|N|23|54|48|E|type:_river}} | mouth_location = Tisza | progression = {{RTisza}} | subdivision_type1 = Countries | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|Romania|Hungary}} | subdivision_type2 = Cities | subdivision_name2 = {{hlist|Dej|Jibou|Ulmeni|Satu Mare}} | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | name_etymology = According to one view: borrowed Hungarian (Szamos, archaically ''Zomus''), perhaps directly from Slavic, from latin. The Hungarian name formed with Slavic mediation. In Roman times, the river was known as ''Samum'' (accusative). Its root may be in connection with the French river name Somme. A proposed Indo-European root, *''s(w)om-isyo'' ('rich in catfish') is unlikely.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kiss |first1=Lajos |title=Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára |date=1980 |url= http://real-eod.mtak.hu/15175/1/AkademiaiKiado_007265.pdf |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |location=Budapest |isbn=963-05-2277-2 |page=594}}</ref> The opposite view starts from the radical çam-, through Latin Samus, and by late substrate transition of stressed a to stressed o (like in Potaissa/Patavissa).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Felecan |first1=Oliviu |last2=Felecan |first2=Nicolae |title=Straturi etimologice reflectate în hidronimia româneasca |journal=Quaderns de Filología. Estudis Lingüístics |volume=20 |issue=Toponímia Románica |pages=251–269 |year=2015 |issn=1135-416X |doi=10.7203/qfilologia.20.7521 |doi-access=free |hdl=10550/49693 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>{{Page range too broad|date=December 2023}} | length = {{convert|415|km|mi|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|122|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|48.1140|22.3394|display=inline,title}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|130|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} {{convert|138.593|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/east-europe/itemlist/category/1019-tisza|title=Rivers Network|year=2020}}</ref> | basin_size = {{convert|18,146|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} {{convert|19,108.8|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/east-europe/itemlist/category/1019-tisza|title=Rivers Network|year=2020}}</ref> | tributaries_left = Someșul Mic, Sălaj | tributaries_right = Someșul Mare, Lăpuș | waterbodies = 7<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rnges.anpm.ro/files2/Capitolul%203%20-%20Ap%C4%83_20071121453746.pdf |title=Capitolul 3 - Apă |work=Agenția Națională pentru Protecția Mediului |language=Romanian}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Vásárosnamény, Hungary (near mouth) }} The '''Someș''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈsomeʃ}}) or '''Szamos''' ({{langx|de|Somesch}} or ''Samosch'') is a left tributary of the Tisza in Hungary and Romania. It has a length of {{convert|415|km|abbr=on}} (including its source river Someșul Mare), of which 50&nbsp;km are in Hungary.<ref name=IPCDR>[https://www.icpdr.org/main/sites/default/files/Tisza_RB_Analysis_2007.pdf Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007], IPCDR</ref>{{rp|19}} The Someș is the fifth largest river by length and volume in Romania.<ref>{{cite book |title=Enciclopedia geografică a României |last=Ghinea |first=Dan |edition=III, revised and enlarged |publisher=Editura Enciclopedică |location=Bucharest |date=2002 |language=Romanian}}</ref> The hydrographic basin forms by the confluence at Mica, a commune about 4&nbsp;km upstream of Dej, of Someșul Mare and Someșul Mic rivers. Someșul Mic (formed by the confluence of Someșul Rece with Someșul Cald) originates in the Apuseni Mountains, and Someșul Mare springs from the Rodna Mountains.<ref>{{cite book |title=Rîurile României: monografie hidrologică |last1=Diaconu |first1=Constantin |last2=Stănculescu |first2=Sorin |publisher=Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology |location=Bucharest |date=1971 |language=Romanian}}</ref>

Someșul Mare has a length of 130&nbsp;km and an area of 5,033&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and a slight asymmetry in favor of the left side of the basin.<ref name="ape">{{cite web |url=http://www.rowater.ro/dasomes/Planbaz/Plan%20Bazinal%202010-2013.htm |title=Plan de apărare împotriva inundațiilor și ghețurilor, secetei hidrologice, accidentelor la construcțiile hidrotehnice și poluărilor accidentale al bazinului hidrografic Someș-Tisa |work=A. N. "Apele Române" |language=Romanian}}</ref> For the entire basin of Someș, the asymmetry on left becomes pronounced between Dej and Ardusat to change in the opposite direction after receiving the Lăpuș on the right side. The valley of Someșul Mare has much auriferous alluvium that, until the early 20th century, were brought to the surface using traditional tools. Specialists say that in the Someșul Mare were found grains of gold of 21 carats.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timponline.ro/in-somesul-mare-sunt-granule-de-aur/ |title=În Someșul Mare sunt granule de aur |work=TimpOnline.ro |last=Sabău |first=Cristiana |date=15 August 2011 |language=Romanian}}</ref>

The Someș drains a basin of {{convert|18146|km2|abbr=on}},<ref name=IPCDR/>{{rp|22}} of which {{convert|15,740|km2|abbr=on}} in Romania.<ref>[http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/anuarul_statistic_al_romaniei_carte_en.pdf 2017 Romanian Statistical Yearbook], p. 13</ref> Its basin comprises 403 rivers with a total length of 5,528&nbsp;km, or 7% of the total length of the country. Basin area represents 6.6% of the country area and 71% of the area of Someș–Tisza hydrographic basin.<ref name="ape" />

To prevent flooding, the Someș is dammed in the lower course. In the spring of 1970, due to heavy rains, the Someș flooded part of Satu Mare and surrounding plains. The discharge exceeded 3,300 m<sup>3</sup>/s compared to that year's average of 210 m<sup>3</sup>/s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://enciclopediaromaniei.ro/wiki/R%C3%A2ul_Some%C5%9F |title=Râul Someș |work=Enciclopedia României |language=Romanian}}</ref>

==Tributaries==

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Someș:

*Left: Someșul Mic, Salca, Olpret, Vad, Șimișna, Iapa, Cormeniș, Valea Leșului, Lozna, Valea Hrăii, Solona, Brâglez, Almaș, Agrij, Apa Sărată, Șoimuș, Bârsa, Inău, Valea Urdii, Horoat, Uileac, Sălaj, Bortura, Runc, Rodina, Bicău, Valea Vinului, Lipău, Valea Morii, Homorodul Nou, Homorodul Vechi *Right: Someșul Mare, Sălătruc, Muncel, Poiana, Vâtroape, Ileanda, Purcăreț, Cheud, Iadăra, Măriușa, Răchitișa, Bârsău, Arieș, Lăpuș, Nistru, Cicârlău, Ilba, Seinel

== References == {{Reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Somes}} Category:Rivers of Cluj County Category:Rivers of Sălaj County Category:Rivers of Maramureș County Category:Rivers of Satu Mare County Category:Someș basin Category:Rivers of Romania Category:Rivers of Hungary Category:Geography of Transylvania Category:International rivers of Europe Category:Rivers of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County