Rudston

{{Short description|Village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}} {{Use British English|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox UK place | country = England | coordinates = {{coord|54.093358|-0.325471|display=inline,title}} | static_image_name = All Saints Church and Monolith, Rudston - geograph.org.uk - 501153.jpg | static_image_width = 200px | static_image_alt = | static_image_caption = All Saints' Church, Rudston | label_position = bottom | official_name = Rudston | population = 409 | population_ref = (2011 census)<ref name="2011 census"/> | civil_parish = Rudston | unitary_england = East Riding of Yorkshire | region = Yorkshire and the Humber | lieutenancy_england = East Riding of Yorkshire | constituency_westminster = Bridlington and The Wolds | post_town = DRIFFIELD | postcode_district = YO25 | postcode_area = YO | dial_code = 01262 | os_grid_reference = TA096676 }} [[File:RudstonMonolith(StephenHorncastle)Apr2006.jpg|thumb|Rudston Monolith, almost {{convert|26|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} high, close to Rudston Parish Church of All Saints. It is made from Moor Grit Conglomerate from the Late Neolithic Period, a material that can be found in the Cleveland Hills inland from Whitby.]] thumb|Bosville Arms thumb|Rudston standing stone, lithograph, 1829 '''Rudston''' is a small village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Driffield and Bridlington approximately {{convert|6|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} west of Bridlington, and lies on the B1253 road. The Gypsey Race (an intermittent stream) runs through the village, which lies in the Great Wold Valley. There are a number of Neolithic sites associated with the stream and its valley. It is the current Seat of the Clan Macdonald of Sleat, the head of the family residing at Thorpe Hall.

According to the 2011 UK census, Rudston parish had a population of 409,<ref name="2011 census">{{NOMIS2011 | id = 1170211250 | title = Rudston Parish | accessdate = 24 February 2018}}</ref> an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 390.<ref name="2001 census">{{NOMIS2001 | id = 00FB121 | title = Rudston Parish | accessdate = 25 September 2019 }} </ref>

From the medieval era until the 19th century Rudston was part of Dickering Wapentake.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dickering-Wap through time |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10066244 |website=A Vision of Britain Through Time |publisher=University of Portsmouth |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref> Between 1894 and 1974 Rudston was a part of the Bridlington Rural District, in the East Riding of Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10173528 |title=Bridlington RD |work=A Vision of Britain Through Time |publisher=University of Portsmouth |access-date=11 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210034649/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10173528 |archive-date=10 February 2012 }}</ref> From 1974 it was part of the Borough of North Wolds (later Borough of East Yorkshire), in the county of Humberside until the East Riding was re-established in 1996.

== History == The place-name 'Rudston' is first attested in the ''Domesday Book'' of 1086, and means 'rood' or 'cross' stone, referring to the monolith.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ekwall |first1=Eilert |author-link=Eilert Ekwall |title=The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names |date=1960 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |oclc=400936 |page=395 |edition=4}}</ref> The name 'rud' derives from Old Norse ruð, meaning a clearing or pasture. So the place name could be stone in the clearing, Ruðstane.

== Ancient remains == The Rudston Monolith stands in the parish churchyard. At over {{convert|25|ft|m|round=0.5|abbr=off}} tall, it is the tallest standing stone in England, and gave the village its name; it is Grade I listed.<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=79482|mname=Rudston Monolith |accessdate=28 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1083402 |desc=Monolith approximately 7 Metres North of Church of All Saints, Rudston|accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref>

Southside Mount round barrow is situated to the south west of the village close to Woldgate reservoir.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1005232|desc=South Side Mount round barrow, 350m north west of Woldgate reservoir, Rudston |accessdate=5 May 2019}}</ref>

Rudston is the centre of an unparalleled grouping of four Neolithic cursus monuments: cursus A,<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=79500|mname=Rudston Cursus A |accessdate=28 April 2013}}</ref> cursus B,<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=1036040|mname=Rudston Cursus B |accessdate=28 April 2013}}</ref> cursus C<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=1036047|mname=Rudston Cursus C |accessdate=28 April 2013}}</ref> and cursus D.<ref>{{PastScape|mnumber=1036049|mname=Rudston Cursus D |accessdate=28 April 2013}}</ref> At least one end of each cursus rests on an elevated chalk ridge on the sides of the Great Wold Valley. Cursuses A and C cross the Gypsey Race, whilst the other ends of cursuses B and D probably lie under the village.

Rudston Roman villa, noted for its mosaics, was first excavated in 1839. It was subsequently re-excavated in the 1930s, 1960s and 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/-BqphI9eSU2nbLVa63HSEw |title=Rudston Charioteer Mosaic|publisher=BBC|work=A History of the World|access-date= 16 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roman-britain.org/places/rudston.htm |title=Roman Villa, Rudston, East Yorkshire|work= Roman-Britain.org|access-date= 16 April 2012}}</ref> The mosaics are now in the Hull and East Riding Museum.<ref>{{cite book|title=Roman Mosaics at Hull|last=Smith|first=David|date=2005|isbn=0904490-34-3|pages=9ff}}</ref>

== Parish church == Rudston Grade I listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to All Saints.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1162387 |desc=Church of All Saints|accessdate=16 April 2012}}</ref> Of 14th-century origin, it was restored in 1861 by George Fowler Jones.<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Nikolaus Pevsner|last=Pevsner|first= Nikolaus|title=The Buildings of England. Yorkshire: York and the East Riding|page=332|publisher= Penguin |orig-year=1972|type=reprint|year= 1975|series= Pevsner Architectural Guides |isbn=0140710434}}</ref> It contains the gigantic organ, originally of four manuals, given by Sir Alexander McDonald of the Isles. Now a two-manual instrument, it stands at the west end of the church in the original case.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of All Saints Church - Rudston |url=http://www.rudston.org.uk/1111111111111new-page.aspx |website=www.rudston.org.uk |access-date=20 May 2023}}</ref> The author Winifred Holtby is buried in the church graveyard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2011/mar/03/yorkshire-holtby-riding-maxwell-martin-phyllis-bentley|title=South Riding hits the spot|website=The Guardian|date=3 March 2011|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> Since September 2014, the North Aisle of the church has a small heritage area including a 3D map of the village with sites of interest noted and a set of information boards about the history of the village.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rudstonheritage.org.uk |title=Rudston Heritage Centre|access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref>

Thorpe Hall to the east of the village was designated a Grade II* listed building in 1952 and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1346645|desc=Thorpe Hall|accessdate=16 August 2013}}</ref> William Bosville (d.1813) was the last of his family to own it, and he bequeathed it to his nephew Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat (1775–1832), whose descendants own it today.

==References== {{Reflist}} {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book|title=Gazetteer — A–Z of Towns Villages and Hamlets|year=2006|publisher=East Riding of Yorkshire Council|page=10}} {{Refend}}

==External links== {{Commons category-inline|Rudston}} * {{OpenDomesday|OS=TA0967|name=rudston|display=Rudston}} * [http://www.rudston.org.uk/ The Rudston Village website] * [http://www.roman-britain.org/places/rudston.htm Rudston Roman Villa]

Category:Villages in the East Riding of Yorkshire Category:Civil parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire