{{Use American English|date=January 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Ruby, Arizona |settlement_type = Ghost town |image_skyline = Ruby AZ.jpg |image_caption = Ruby, Arizona in 1990 |imagesize = 250px |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |pushpin_map = Arizona#USA |pushpin_label_position = right |map_caption = Location in the state of Arizona |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_name1 = Arizona |subdivision_name2 = Santa Cruz |government_type = |leader_title = "Sundog" and Partner |elevation_footnotes = <ref name="usgs">{{gnis|33856|Ruby}}</ref> |elevation_ft = 4186 |elevation_m = 1276 |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_total = |population_metro = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |timezone = MST (no DST) |utc_offset = -7 |coordinates = {{coord|31|27|40|N|111|14|15|W|display=inline,title}} |website = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |GNIS_id = |blank_name = Post office opened: |blank_info = April 11, 1912 |blank1_name = Post office closed: |blank1_info = May 31, 1941 |footnotes = }} '''Ruby''' is a ghost town in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States. It is situated near the base of Montana Peak in the Pajarita Wilderness, roughly 25 miles west of Rio Rico, and 7 miles north of the Mexico–United States border. Originally named Montana Camp, the town was founded in 1877 as a mining camp.
Several important historical events took place in and around Ruby, including the Bear Valley raid in April 1886, the Battle of Bear Valley in January 1918, and the Ruby Murders between 1920 and 1922.
==History== {{Further|Bear Valley raid|Battle of Bear Valley|Ruby Murders}} The first recorded claim for the Montana mine was in 1877. A small mining camp, initially named Montana Camp, was founded. From 1877 to 1912, the Montana mine produced mostly gold and silver, and the population during that period never exceeded 50 people.<ref>[http://www.usa-ti.com/Arizona/Ghost_Towns/Ruby/brochures/2004_The_Private_Life_Of_Ruby-Mining_GhostTown.pdf THE PRIVATE LIFE OF RUBY, MINING GHOST TOWN]</ref> On 11 April 1912, the mining camp's general store owner Julius Andrews established the post office. Andrews named the post office "Ruby", after his wife, Lille B. Ruby Andrews, and the mining camp soon became known as Ruby.<ref name=Granger1970>Granger, Byrd H. (1970) ''Arizona Place Names'', pp. 323-324, Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, {{ISBN|0-8165-0009-6}}</ref>
Between 1920 and 1922, the town of Ruby and the surroundings were the scene of three double homicides known as the Ruby Murders, which led to the largest manhunt in the history of the Southwestern United States, which included the first airplane ever used in an Arizona manhunt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/az-ruby.html|title=Ruby, Arizona - A Ghost Town Filled With Mining and Murder|publisher=Legends of America}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sherman|first=James|title=Ghost towns of Arizona|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=1969|isbn=0-8061-0843-6|location=US|pages=131}}</ref>
The most prosperous period for Ruby was in the late 1920s and 1930s, when the Eagle-Picher Lead Company operated the mine and upgraded the camp. During that period, the Montana mine was among Arizona's leading producers of zinc, lead, and silver.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}
At its peak in the mid-1930s, Ruby had a population of about 1,200. The mine closed in 1940, the post office closed on 31 May 1941,<ref name=Granger1970/> and the town was abandoned by the end of 1941.<ref name=Varney>Philip Varney, 1994, ''Arizona ghost towns and mining camps''. Arizona Highways books, {{ISBN|0-916179-44-3}}</ref>
Along with Vulture City, Ruby is one of the best-preserved ghost towns in Arizona. It consists of approximately 25 buildings (including some homes, the jail, and the school), the playground, mining machinery, and several abandoned mines.<ref name=Varney/> Public tours were offered from 1994 until 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.rubyaz.com/|access-date=11 March 2026|website=RUBY, ARIZONA}}</ref> The town is on private property, and there is currently no public access to the site.<ref name=Varney/>
==Gallery== <gallery> File:Ruby School.jpg|Schoolhouse in 2009 File:RubyAZ 2007.jpg|Ruby with view of Montana Peak File:Ruby AZ topo.jpg|Section of USGS Ruby, Arizona topographic map </gallery>
==See also== *Bear Valley Raid *Battle of Bear Valley *List of ghost towns in Arizona
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== * Ring, Al, et al.(2005) [http://www.ringbrothershistory.com/ruby.htm ''Ruby, Arizona: Mining, Mayhem, and Murder'']. Tucson: U.S. Press and Graphics, 2005. * Dolan, Samuel K. [https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442246690/Cowboys-and-Gangsters-Stories-of-an-Untamed-Southwest Cowboys and Gangsters: Stories of an Untamed Southwest (TwoDot Books, 2016)] {{ISBN|9781442246690}}
==External links== {{Commons}} {{wikivoyage|Ghost towns}} * [http://rubyaz.com/ Historic Ghost Town of Ruby, AZ] * [https://www.legendsofamerica.com/az-ruby/ Mining and Murder in Ruby, Arizona] * [http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/az/ruby.html Ruby] at GhostTowns.com * [http://www.azghosttowns.com/towns/ruby.html Ruby] – Ghost Town of the Month at azghosttowns.com {{Santa Cruz County, Arizona}}
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Category:Ghost towns in Arizona Category:Mining communities in Arizona Category:Populated places in Santa Cruz County, Arizona Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona Category:National Register of Historic Places in Santa Cruz County, Arizona Category:Tourist attractions in Santa Cruz County, Arizona Category:Populated places on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona