{{other uses}} {{Infobox Italian frazione | name = Rossano | official_name = | native_name = | image_shield = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Church of Santa Maria del Patire. | image_skyline = Rossano Patire1.jpg | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|39|34|N|16|38|E|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = Calabria | province = Cosenza (CS) | comune = Corigliano-Rossano | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 149 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 36876 | population_as_of = 31 December 2013 | pop_density_footnotes = | gentilic = Rossanesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 270 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = Nilus the Younger | day = September 26 | postal_code = 87067, 87068 | area_code = 0983 | footnotes = }}
'''Rossano''' is a town and ''frazione'' of Corigliano-Rossano in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, southern Italy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-01 |title=Rossano Purpurea - Associazione di promozione sociale e turistica |url=https://rossanopurpurea.org/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Rossano Purpurea - Associazione di promozione sociale e turistica |language=it-IT}}</ref> The city is situated on an eminence {{circa|{{convert|3|km|spell=in}}}} from the Gulf of Taranto. The town is known for its marble and alabaster quarries.
The town is the seat of a Catholic archbishop and has a notable cathedral and castle. Two popes have been born in the town, along with Nilus the Younger.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beach |first1=Alison I. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E5jIDwAAQBAJ&dq=san+nilo+rossano+history&pg=PA405 |title=The Cambridge History of Medieval Monasticism in the Latin West |last2=Cochelin |first2=Isabelle |date=2020-01-09 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-77063-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqjcxpx2BqgC&dq=san+nilo+rossano+history&pg=PA562 |title=Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900-1050) |last2=Mallett |first2=Alexander |last3=Roggema |first3=Barbara |date=2010-12-17 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-16976-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Juniore |first=Saint Bartolomeo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBUht1BuyasC&q=san+nilo |title=Vita di San Nilo abate, fondatore della Badia di Grottaferrata |date=1904 |publisher=Desclʹee, Lefebvre e C., Editori |language=it}}</ref>
==History== thumb|left|The Oratory of St. Mark.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fiorenza |first=Elia |date=2017-01-13 |title=LA CHIESA BIZANTINA DI SAN MARCO {{!}} ROSSANO |url=https://www.themaprogetto.it/la-chiesa-bizantina-di-san-marco-rossano/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Themaprogetto.it |language=it-IT}}</ref> The town was known as '''Roscianum''' under the Roman Empire. In the second century AD, the emperor Hadrian built or rebuilt a port here, which could accommodate up to 300 ships. It was mentioned in the Antonine itineraries as one of the important fortresses of Calabria. The Goths under Alaric I and, in the following century, Totila, were unable to take it.
[[File:Antipope John XVI (XVII).JPG|thumb|left|Antipope John XVI (ca. 945 – 1001) a native of Rossano.<ref>{{cite book |author= Duckett, Eleanor Shipley |title= Death and Life in the Tenth Century |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=1988 |page=124 |isbn=9780472061723 |quote= This John, known as John Philagathos, Greek by birth, was a native of Rossano in Calabria, southern Italy }}</ref>]] It was known as '''Rhusianum''' under the Byzantine Empire. The Rossanesi showed great attachment to the Byzantines, who placed a ''strategos'' over the town. The Rossano Gospels, a sixth-century illuminated manuscript of great historical and artistic value, is a tangible relic of that period.
The Saracens failed to conquer Rossano, while in 982 Otto II captured it temporarily from the Byzantines. Its Greek character was preserved long after its conquest by the Normans, as noted by its long retention of the Greek Rite over the Latin Rite.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} The city in fact maintained notable privileges under the subsequent Hohenstaufen and Angevine dominations, but subsequently decayed after the feudalization in 1417. {{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}
Passing to the Sforza, and thus to Sigismund I the Old, it was united in 1558 to the crown of Naples by Philip II of Spain in virtue of a doubtful will by Bona Sforza, queen of Poland in favour of Giovanni Lorenzo Pappacoda. Under Isabella of Naples and Bona, the town had been a literary culture centre; but it declined under the Spaniards.
In 1612, the crown sold the lordship to the Aldobrandini, and in 1637, it passed to the Borghese who retained it until 1806. The city was part of the Neapolitan Republic of 1799, but its conditions did not improve after the Unification of Italy, and much of the population emigrated.
Rossano was the birthplace of Pope John VII and Antipope John XVI. Rossano was also the birthplace of Bartholomew the Younger and Nilus the Younger, who founded the Abbey of Grottaferrata, and whose "Life" is a valuable source of information about southern Italy in the tenth century.
Rossano is considered <<one of the most Byzantine cities in Europe>>.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Borsetta |first1=Maria Paola |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDoYAQAAIAAJ&q=filareto+rossano+calabro+bizantina |title=Villanella, napolitana, canzonetta: relazioni tra Gasparo Fiorino, compositori calabresi e scuole italiane del Cinquecento : atti del Convegno internazionale di studi, Arcavacata di Rende, Rossano Calabro, 9-11 dicembre 1994 |last2=Pugliese |first2=Annunziato |date=1999 |publisher=Istituto di bibliografia musicale calabrese |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Leo |first=Pietro De |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AuQpqyevAtEC&dq=rossano+calabro+history+byzantine&pg=PA51 |title=In Calabria. Tra natura, arte, storia-Nature, art, history |date=2003 |publisher=Rubbettino Editore |isbn=978-88-498-0588-8 |language=it}}</ref><gallery widths="200"> File:Flag of Rossano.svg|Flag File:Rossano-Stemma.svg|Coat of Arms </gallery>
==Main sights== *The Rossano Cathedral ({{langx|it|Duomo di Rossano}}, ''Cattedrale di Maria Santissima Achiropita''),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-11 |title=Maria SS. Achiropita (Cattedrale) - Santuari Italiani |url=https://www.santuaritaliani.it/santuario/maria-ss-achiropita-parrocchia-cattedrale/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> built in 11th century, with massive interventions in the 18th–19th centuries, is the main historical building of Rossano. It has a nave with two aisles, and three apses. The bell tower and the baptismal font are from the 14th century, while the remaining decorations are from the 17th and 18th centuries. The church is famous for the ancient image of the ''Madonna acheropita'' ("Madonna not made by hands"), now located in the Diocesan Museum, probably dating between 580 and the first half of the eighth century. In 1879, the famous ''Codex Rossanensis'' was discovered in the sacristy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haseloff |first=Arthur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWLsnwEACAAJ |title=Codex Purpureus Rossanensis Die Miniaturen Der Griechischen Evangelien-Handschrift in Rossano - Primary Source Edition |date=October 2013 |publisher=BiblioBazaar |isbn=978-1-294-08087-9 |language=en}}</ref> It is a Greek parchment manuscript of Matthew and Mark, written in silver on purple-stained parchment, and is one of the oldest pictorial Gospels known.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hixson |first=Elijah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gkOxDwAAQBAJ&dq=codex+purpureus+rossanensis+book&pg=PA120 |title=Scribal Habits in Sixth-Century Greek Purple Codices |date=2019-09-16 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-39991-4 |language=en}}</ref> Scholars date the codex from the end of the fifth to the eighth or ninth century; it is probably of Alexandrian origin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museo Diocesano e del Codex - Arcidiocesi di Rossano-Cariati |url=https://www.museocodexrossano.it/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.museocodexrossano.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Antica Biblioteca Corigliano Rossano – La Biblioteca online di Corigliano – Rossano |url=https://anticabibliotecacoriglianorossano.it/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> thumb|left|A view of ''Panaghia''. *Chiesa della Panaghia, an example of Byzantine architecture, with traces of frescoes portraying John Chrysostomos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiesa della Panaghia – Antica Biblioteca Corigliano Rossano |url=https://anticabibliotecacoriglianorossano.it/chiese-di-rossano/chiesa-di-santa-panaghia/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> *Chiesa di San Nilo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiesa di San Nilo a Rossano – Antica Biblioteca Corigliano Rossano |url=https://anticabibliotecacoriglianorossano.it/chiese-di-rossano/chiesa-di-san-nilo-a-rossano/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> *The Oratory of Saint Mark (10th century, originally dedicated to St. Anastasia) is the most ancient monument of the city and one of the best preserved Byzantine churches in Italy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiesa di San Marco – Antica Biblioteca Corigliano Rossano |url=https://anticabibliotecacoriglianorossano.it/chiese-di-rossano/chiesa-di-san-marco/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> *The church of ''Santa Chiara'' (1546–1554) was built by Bona Sforza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Chiesa di Santa Chiara abbandonata al degrado |url=http://www.coriglianoinforma.it/NEWS/mynews.asp?iCODICE=8200&iSERCH=celebrazioni |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=CORIGLIANO Informa}}</ref> *The church of ''San Francesco d'Assisi'' has a notable Renaissance portal and a cloister.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luoghi di culto - Chiesa di San Francesco d'Assisi ROSSANO - Necrologie La Repubblica |url=https://necrologie.repubblica.it/chiese/provincia-28-cosenza/citta-6006-rossano/1657-chiesa-di-san-francesco-dassisi |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Necrologie |language=it}}</ref> *The late-Gothic church of ''San Bernardino'' (1428–62){{citation needed|date=April 2024}} was the first Roman Catholic church in Rossano. It houses the sepulchre of Oliverio di Somma (1536) and a seventeenth-century wooden crucifix. *Rossano is also the home of the internationally renowned annual Marco Fiume Blues Passion, a free three-day open air blues/jazz festival named after a native son who was becoming a giant in the American blues/jazz guitar world before his early demise. The festival occurs in July and is linked to the Cognac Blues Festival in France.
Outside the city are: thumb|The image of ''Maria Achiropita'' in the cathedral. *The ''Torre Stellata'' ("Star Tower") is a 16th-century fortification built over an ancient fortress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-23 |title=Torre Sant'Angelo (XVI secolo) - Pro Loco Corigliano-Rossano |url=https://www.prolococoriglianorossano.it/elenco/torre-santangelo-xvi-secolo/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> *The Abbazia del Patire (11th–12th century),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiesa di Santa Maria del Pàtire (o Pathirion) · Loc.Patire, 87064 Corigliano CS, Italy |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chiesa+di+Santa+Maria+del+P%C3%A0tire+(o+Pathirion),+Loc.Patire,+87064+Corigliano+CS/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x134082e586d48dad:0x6aa5c48529fdbee3?utm_source=mstt_1&entry=gps&coh=192155&g_ep=CAESCjExLjExOC4xMDEYACCIJyokLDk0MjA3Mzg4LDQ3MDc1OTE1LDQ3MDg3MTEyLDQ3MDg0MzkzQgJJVA%3D%3D |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Chiesa di Santa Maria del Pàtire (o Pathirion) · Loc.Patire, 87064 Corigliano CS, Italy |language=en}}</ref> an abbey located in a wood outside the city, with some Arab-style mosaics, a Norman apse and ancient portals.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=di) |first1=Silvia Lusuardi Siena (a cura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fN7oEAAAQBAJ&dq=pathirion+rossano&pg=PA178 |title=Alle origini dell'archeologia medievale italiana. Dalla ceramologia archeologica all'archeologia della produzione. Per Hugo Blake |last2=di) |first2=Marco Milanese (a cura |last3=di) |first3=Guido Vannini (a cura |date=2023-11-30 |publisher=All’Insegna del Giglio |isbn=978-88-9285-229-7 |language=it}}</ref> *Rossano also has a unique peculiarity: mountains<ref>{{Cite book |last=board |first=Editorial |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mc3EAAAQBAJ&q=mountain+rossano+calabro |title=Calabria - Corigliano Rossano: Digital Tourist Guide |date=2021-07-11 |publisher=Consorzio Turistico Calabria Vigorosa |language=it}}</ref> and sea<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://rossanopurpurea.org/2022/07/lidi-e-spiagge/ |title=https://rossanopurpurea.org/2022/07/lidi-e-spiagge/ |last2= |first2= |date= 14 July 2022|publisher=Rubbettino |isbn= |language=it}}</ref> just a short distance away:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Title: Foto dal satellite del comune di Rossano media e alta risoluzione |url=https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://comune.info/uploads/mappe-comune/rossano/foto-aerea-satellite-rossano.png&tbnid=35Cs35jsN2PdwM&vet=1&imgrefurl=https://comune.info/comune-rossano/rossano-foto-aerea-satellite&docid=YwqpBR09MKjmmM&w=1130&h=1130&itg=1&source=sh/x/im/can/1&kgs=afd3be58c4a7ddad&sfr=vfe |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref> from the beach of San. Angelo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lungomare Sant'Angelo · Viale Mediterraneo, 24, 87067 Rossano Stazione CS, Italy |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Lungomare+Sant%E2%80%99Angelo,+Viale+Mediterraneo,+24,+87067+Rossano+Stazione+CS/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x13409bc7140a7f79:0x423f94cad7b376b2?utm_source=mstt_1&entry=gps&coh=192155&g_ep=CAESCjExLjExOC4xMDEYACCIJyokLDk0MjA3Mzg4LDQ3MDc1OTE1LDQ3MDg3MTEyLDQ3MDg0MzkzQgJJVA%3D%3D |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Lungomare Sant’Angelo · Viale Mediterraneo, 24, 87067 Rossano Stazione CS, Italy |language=en}}</ref> you can go trekking in the municipal mountains, with free access, of the Albanian cugnale,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cozzo ("cognale") albanese · 87067 Corigliano-Rossano, Province of Cosenza, Italy |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cozzo+(%22cognale%22)+albanese,+87067+Corigliano-Rossano+CS/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x134083b4312261d9:0xb782f6761e597ff0?utm_source=mstt_1&entry=gps&coh=192155&g_ep=CAESCjExLjExOC4xMDEYACDXggMqJCw5NDIwNzM4OCw0NzA3NTkxNSw0NzA4NzExMiw0NzA4NDM5M0ICSVQ%3D |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Cozzo ("cognale") albanese · 87067 Corigliano-Rossano, Province of Cosenza, Italy |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Morelli |first=Tommaso |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4oPAJtFkRAC&dq=albanese+rossano+calabro&pg=PA30 |title=Cenni storici sulla venuta degli albanesi nel Regno delle Due Sicilie di Tommaso Morelli |date=1842 |publisher=dallo stabilimento del Gutemberg |language=it}}</ref> of the Pathirion<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiesa di Santa Maria del Pàtire (o Pathirion) · Loc.Patire, 87064 Corigliano CS, Italy |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chiesa+di+Santa+Maria+del+P%C3%A0tire+(o+Pathirion),+Loc.Patire,+87064+Corigliano+CS/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x134082e586d48dad:0x6aa5c48529fdbee3?utm_source=mstt_1&entry=gps&coh=192155&g_ep=CAESCjExLjExOC4xMDEYACDXggMqJCw5NDIwNzM4OCw0NzA3NTkxNSw0NzA4NzExMiw0NzA4NDM5M0ICSVQ%3D |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Chiesa di Santa Maria del Pàtire (o Pathirion) · Loc.Patire, 87064 Corigliano CS, Italy |language=en}}</ref> up to S. Onofrio.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h-LTTisyQU4C&dq=trekking+mountain+rossano+calabro&pg=PA59 |title=Vacanze creative in agriturismo |date=2004 |publisher=Touring Editore |isbn=978-88-365-2970-4 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiesa S. Onofrio · 87067 Rossano, Province of Cosenza, Italy |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chiesa+S.+Onofrio,+87067+Rossano+CS/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x134083e1b23580a7:0x897deb2de02f8d08?utm_source=mstt_1&entry=gps&coh=192155&g_ep=CAESCjExLjExOC4xMDEYACDXggMqJCw5NDIwNzM4OCw0NzA3NTkxNSw0NzA4NzExMiw0NzA4NDM5M0ICSVQ%3D |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Chiesa S. Onofrio · 87067 Rossano, Province of Cosenza, Italy |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Library |first=Geological Society of London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVjQAAAAMAAJ&dq=mountain+rossano+calabro&pg=RA3-PA45 |title=List of Geological Literature Added to the Geological Society's Library |date=1895 |publisher=Geological Society. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wikiloc |title=I migliori percorsi in Rossano, Calabria (Italia) {{!}} Wikiloc |url=https://it.wikiloc.com/percorsi/outdoor/italia/calabria/rossano |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Wikiloc {{!}} Percorsi nel mondo |language=it}}</ref> *Rossano is thriving with municipal chestnut groves: anyone can go to pick chestnuts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Copana' Castagneto gol free · GHXR+R8, 87067 Corigliano-Rossano CS, Italy |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/GHXR%2BR8+Copana'+Castagne+comunali,+87067+Corigliano-Rossano+CS/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x13408300789579 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Copana' Castagne comunali · GHXR+R8, 87067 Corigliano-Rossano CS, Italy |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-26 |title=I Giganti di Cozzo del Pesco |url=http://parchidellacalabria.it/2014/04/26/i-giganti-cozzo-pesco/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=PARCHI DELLA CALABRIA |language=it-IT}}</ref> Furthermore, there are hectares of pine nut forests with free access and harvesting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=39°34'25.5"N 16°35'21.5"E |url=https://www.google.com/maps?q=39.573761,16.589311&entry=gps&g_ep=CAESCjExLjExOC4xMDEYACDXggMqLSw5NDIwNzM4OCw0NzA3NTkxNSw0NzA4NzExMiw0NzA4NDM5Myw5NDIxMzIwMEICSVQ%3D&shorturl=1 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=39°34'25.5"N 16°35'21.5"E |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lavia |first=Flaviano |date=2021-05-23 |title=La montagna sacra di Corigliano-Rossano |url=https://www.lacittanuova.org/2021/05/23/la-montagna-sacra-di-corigliano-rossano/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> *In Rossano there are detached sections of national universities: UniCusano, UniPegaso and UniCampus etc.; with the possibility of choosing different degree courses: law, psychology, etc.
==Transportation==
Rossano can be reached from the airports of Crotone, Lamezia Terme or Reggio Calabria through SS. 106 ''Ionica'' Route. Rossano has a railway station on the secondary branch starting from Sibari, on the line to Crotone.
Rossano is easily reachable via many buses (in about 6 hours of travel) from Rome Tiburtina every day and several times a day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tutte le partenze {{!}} Autostazione TIBUS - Autostazione RomaAutostazione TIBUS - Autostazione Roma |url=https://www.tibusroma.it/partenze-e-arrivi/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref>
Rossano is also the seaport of the adjacent Corigliano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Area 6 - Porto di Corigliano Calabro - CalabriaImpresa |url=https://www.calabriaimpresa.eu/porto-corigliano |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=www.calabriaimpresa.eu}}</ref>
== People == {{Commons category|Rossano (Corigliano-Rossano)}}
*Nilus the Younger (910 - 27 December 1005 AD), Saint *Bartholomew the Younger (981-1055 AD), Saint *Pope John VII (c. 650 - 18 October 707 AD), Pope *Antipope John XVI (c. 945 - c. 1001), Antipope *Carlo Blasco (1635-1706), writer and historian *Isabela de Rosis (1842 - 1911) religious sister and congregation founder *Alfredo Gradilone(1880-1972) historian *Scipione Caccuri(1889-1981) occupational medicine scientist *Giuseppe Ferrari (1912-1999), jurist, judge emeritus of the Constitutional Court *Marco De Simone (1914-1994), partisan and senator of the Republic *Giovanni Sapia (1922-2018), writer *Giuseppe Carbone (1923-2013), president of the Court of Auditors *Domenico Berlingieri (1928-1996), scientist in gynecology and obstetrics *Angelo Raffaele Bianco (1934), oncologist *Giuseppe Tucci (1940-2018), jurist *Raffaele Casciaro (1943-2020), scientist in construction engineering *Francesco Amarelli (1944), historian of Roman law *Francesco Garritano (1952), theoretical philosopher *Giuseppe Novelli (1959), geneticist *Giovanni Bianco (1964), jurist and theoretician of the State *Domenico Tedesco (1985), football manager
== References == {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[http://www.marcofiumebluespassion.it/ "Marco Fiume Blues Passion" Memorial Festival ] {{in lang|it}} *[http://www.globopix.net/fotografie/rossanocalabro_1.html Rossano Photogallery ] {{in lang|it}} *[https://anticabibliotecacoriglianorossano.it/documentazione/archivi-e-biblioteche/6980-2/5614-2/archeologia/cozzo-dellalbanese/ Cozzo dell’Albanese]
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Category:Rossano Category:Cities and towns in Calabria Category:Alabaster