Romula

{{Short description|Ancient city in Roman Dacia}} {{For|the song by Terminaator|Romula (song)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} {{Infobox ancient site |name = Romula |native_name = |alternate_name = |image = |alt = |caption = |map_type = Romania |map_alt = |map_size = 250 |location = Romania |region = Olt County |coordinates = {{coord|44.166667|24.4|display=inline}} |type = |part_of = |length = |width = |area = |height = |builder = |material = |built = |abandoned = |epochs = |cultures = |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = |archaeologists = |condition = |ownership = |management = |public_access = |website = |notes = }}

'''Romula''' or '''Malva''' was an ancient city in Roman Dacia, later the village of Reşca, Dobrosloveni Commune, Olt County, Romania. It was the capital of Dacia Malvensis, one of the three subdivisions of the province of Dacia.

== History == {{Infobox castrum | name = Romula (castra) | image = | caption = | alt_names = | known_as = Castra of Reșca | built_during_reign_of = Trajan<ref name="AR_IRvol2"/> | founded = 2nd century AD | abandoned = c. 6th-7th century | attested_by = Tabula Peutingeriana | previous_fortification =

| type = | robust_struct_material = Stone | robust_struct_built_during_reign_of = | robust_struct_built = | robust_struct_abandoned= | robust_struct_dim1 = 216 | robust_struct_dim2 = 183 | robust_struct_area = 3,9<ref name="AR_IRvol2">Academia Română: Istoria Românilor, Vol. 2, Daco-romani, romanici, alogeni, 2nd. Ed., București 2010, {{ISBN|978-973-45-0610-1}}</ref>| robust_struct_shape = | robust_struct_thickness= | robust_struct_technique= | robust_struct_towers =

| commanders = | legions = *VII Claudia *XXII Primigenia

| cohorts = I Flavia Commagenorum<ref>[http://www.irregular.ro/articol%20petru%20ureche.pdf Tactica, strategie si specific de lupta la cohortele equitate din Dacia Romana, Petru Ureche]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

| alae = | numeri =

| events =

|coordinates = �{{coord|44|10|N|24|24|E}} | altitude = | map =

| place_name = | location_town = Reşca | location_county = Olt | location_state = | location_country = {{ROU}}

| condition = Ruined | controlled_by = | excavations = 1900<ref name="cimec">{{cite web|title=Manuscrisele lui Pamfil Polonic|url=http://www.cimec.ro/Arheologie/Arhiva-Digitala/4Pamfil%20Polonic/M.htm|publisher=cimec.ro|access-date=15 December 2012}}</ref> | archaeologists = Pamfil Polonic<ref name="cimec"/> | exhibitions = | website = | notes = |ref:UNESCO={{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site |child = yes |Part_of = Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia |ID = 1718-239 |Year = 2024 |Criteria = Cultural: ii, iii, iv }}}}

The Roman city of Romula lay on an earlier Dacian city called '''Malva'''. It received the title of municipium during the rule of Hadrian (117–138) and the title of colonia during that of Septimius Severus (193–211).

The city had two belts of fortifications and two castra, part of the Limes Alutanus frontier system and where soldiers of the Legiones VII ''Claudia'' and XXII ''Primigenia'' were temporarily stationed, alongside a permanent unit (''numerus'') of Syrian archers.

== References == {{Reflist}}

=== Ancient === {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |ref = {{sfnRef|Tabula Peutingeriana}} |last = Anonymous |title = Tabula Peutingeriana |url = http://www.tabula-peutingeriana.de/tp/tpx.html |orig-date = c. 0-399 CE |language = la }} * {{cite book |ref = {{sfnRef|Ptolemy|140 AD}} |last = Ptolemy |first = Claudius |author-link = Ptolemy |title = Geographia |publisher = Sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii |trans-title=Geography |url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4ksBAAAAMAAJ |year = c. 140 |language = grc }} * {{Refend}}

=== Modern === {{Refbegin}} * {{cite web |last = Olteanu |first = Sorin |title = Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum – Toponyms Section |url = http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm |language = ro, en |work = Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum |access-date = 3 January 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103139/http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm |archive-date = 16 July 2011 |url-status = dead}} * ''Dicţionar de istorie veche a României'' ("Dictionary of ancient Romanian history") (1976) Editura Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, pp. 510 *{{cite thesis|last=Buqinca|first=Arianit|year=2021|title=Recherche sur les Dardaniens : VIe- Ier siècles av. J.- C. |publisher=Université de Lyon|url=http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE2007}} {{Refend}}

== Further reading == {{Refbegin}} * {{cite web |last = Olteanu |first = Sorin |title = Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum – Toponyms Section |url = http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm |language = ro, en |work = Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum |access-date = 3 January 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103139/http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm |archive-date = 16 July 2011 |url-status = dead}} * Tătulea, Corneliu Mărgărit. ''Romula-Malva. Monografie''. București, Ed. Museion, 1994, 176 p. * {{Refend}}

== External links == *[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/download.php?Number=1274893&t=k&om=1 Roman castra from Romania – Google Maps] / [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/1274893/Main/1274893 Earth] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121205025930/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/1274893/Main/1274893 |date=5 December 2012 }}

Category:Dacian towns Category:Ruins in Romania Category:Coloniae (Roman) Category:Limes Alutanus