{{Short description|British civil servant (born 1938)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} {{Use British English|date=April 2017}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = The Right Honourable | name = The Lord Butler of Brockwell | honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KG|GCB|CVO|PC}} | image = Official portrait of Lord Butler of Brockwell crop 2.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2019 | office2 = Cabinet Secretary<br>Head of the Home Civil Service | term_start2 = 1988 | term_end2 = 1998 | prime_minister2 = Margaret Thatcher<br />John Major<br />Tony Blair | predecessor2 = Sir Robert Armstrong | successor2 = Sir Richard Wilson | office3 = Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister | term_start3 = 1982 | term_end3 = 1985 | prime_minister3 = Margaret Thatcher | predecessor3 = Clive Whitmore | successor3 = Nigel Wicks | office4 = Member of the House of Lords | status4 = Lord Temporal | term_label4 = Life peerage | term_start4 = 12 February 1998 | term_end4 = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|1|3|df=yes}} | birth_place = Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, England | alma_mater = University College, Oxford | spouse = {{marriage|Gillian Lois Galley|1962}} | children = 3 }}
'''Frederick Edward Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell''' (born 3 January 1938) is a retired British civil servant, now sitting in the House of Lords as a crossbencher.
==Early life and family== Butler was born in Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, on 3 January 1938. He went to Orley Farm School and Harrow School (where he was Head Boy), then taught for a year at St Dunstan's School, Burnham-on-Sea, before attending University College, Oxford, where he took a double first in Mods and Greats and twice gained a Rugby Blue. He married Gillian Lois Galley in 1962. They have two daughters and a son.<ref name=BBC>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/3453989.stm BBC News] Profile: Lord Butler of Brockwell</ref>
==Civil service career== Butler had a high-profile career in the civil service from 1961 to 1998, serving as Private Secretary to five Prime Ministers. He was Secretary of the Cabinet and Head of the Home Civil Service from 1988 to 1998.<ref name=Salt>''Salt Talk'' issue 9 (2011) p6 "The Master"</ref>
Butler joined HM Treasury in 1961, becoming Private Secretary to the Financial Secretary to the Treasury 1964–66 and Secretary to the Budget Committee 1965–69.<ref name=Salt/>
Early in his career, he was occasionally confused with his namesake Rab Butler. Memos for Rab Butler, some highly sensitive, ended up on his desk, and some of his ended up on Rab's. It was agreed that all memos ambiguously addressed to "R Butler" should go to Rab's office first, and then Rab's office would send on any intended for the other R Butler. It is said that one day the young Butler, who was still playing first class rugby, received a letter that read: "You have been selected for the Richmond 1st XV on Saturday. Please be at Twickenham by 2 p.m.". Underneath, in Rab's distinctive handwriting, was the message: "Dear Robin, I am not free on Saturday. Please could you deputise for me? Rab"!<ref name=Supermac>D. R. Thorpe (2011) "Supermac – the Life of Harold MacMillan" Random House, {{ISBN|1844135411}}, page 751</ref>
In 1969, he was seconded to the Bank of England and several City institutions. Later at HM Treasury as Assistant Secretary, General Expenditure Intelligence Division, he led the team which installed the UK Government's computerised financial information system 1975–77. He had been a founder member of the Central Policy Review Staff under Lord Rothschild 1971–2. After several senior appointments at the Treasury, he became second Permanent Secretary, Public Expenditure, 1985–87.
Butler was Private Secretary to Prime Ministers Edward Heath (1972–74) and Harold Wilson (1974–75), and Principal Private Secretary to Margaret Thatcher (1982–85).<ref name=BBC/><ref name=Salt/> Along with Thatcher, he was almost killed in the 1984 IRA bombing of the Grand Hotel in Brighton.<ref name=BBC/> He was also Cabinet Secretary during the premierships of Margaret Thatcher, John Major and Tony Blair.<ref name=BBC/><ref name=Salt/>
==Other activities== [[File:University College boathouse - geograph.org.uk - 1253234.jpg|thumb|The University College Boathouse, opened in 2007 during Robin Butler's Mastership of University College, Oxford]] After retiring from the Civil Service, Butler was Master of University College, Oxford, 1998–2008.<ref name=Salt/> He was made a life peer in the 1998 New Year Honours<ref name=LGS54993>{{London Gazette |issue=54993 |date=30 December 1997 |page=1 |supp=y}}</ref> and was raised to the peerage as '''Baron Butler of Brockwell''', of Herne Hill in the London Borough of Lambeth.<ref name=LG55047>{{London Gazette |issue=55047 |date=18 February 1998 |page=1911}}</ref><ref name=EG24350>{{London Gazette |issue=24350 |date=20 February 1998 |page=419 |city=e}}</ref>
He was a non-executive Director of HSBC Group from 1998 to 2008. He was also Chairman of the Corporate Sustainability Committee and the HSBC Global Education Trust. In 2011 he was elected Master of the Worshipful Company of Salters.<ref name=Salt/> He is a Trustee of the Royal Academy of Music.<ref>{{cite web |title=Governing Body |url=https://www.ram.ac.uk/about-us/about-the-academy/management/governing-body |website=Royal Academy of Music |access-date=10 April 2019 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410204049/https://www.ram.ac.uk/about-us/about-the-academy/management/governing-body |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 2004, Lord Butler of Brockwell chaired the Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction, widely known as the 'Butler Review', which reviewed the use of intelligence in the lead up to the 2003 Iraq War. The report concluded that some of the intelligence about Iraq's possession of weapons of mass destruction was seriously flawed.<ref>''The Daily Telegraph'', 18 September 2011, p.16.</ref> The report also concluded, with regards to the so-called Niger uranium forgeries, that the report Saddam's government was seeking uranium in Africa appeared 'well-founded'.<ref>{{cite report |author=The Rt. Hon. The Lord Butler of Brockwell |date=14 July 2004 |title=HC 898: Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/14_07_04_butler.pdf |publisher=The Stationery Office |location=London |page=137 |access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref>
Lord Butler of Brockwell in 2025 warned that the UK is moving towards a US-style system, in which new governments replace senior civil servants with political appointees. He said: "It seems to me that, overall, a clear pattern is emerging. We have moved to the American pattern of replacing senior civil servants with political appointees when the party of government changes. As one of my former colleagues said to me, civil servants in the centre of government have become an endangered species."<ref>[https://www.civilserviceworld.com/professions/article/civil-service-being-marginalised-and-overpoliticised-former-cab-secs-warn Civil service being marginalised and over-politicised, former cab secs warn]</ref>
==Honours and arms== ===Honours=== *Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO), 1986 New Year Honours<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=50361 |date=31 December 1985 |page=4 |supp=y}}</ref> *Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB), 1988 New Year Honours<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=51171 |date=31 December 1987 |page=3 |supp=y}}</ref> *Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB), 1992 Birthday Honours<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=52952 |date=13 June 1992 |page=3 |supp=y}}</ref> *Life peerage, 12 February 1998<ref name=LGS54993/><ref name=LG55047/><ref name=EG24350/> *Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter (KG), 23 April 2003<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=56915 |date=23 April 2003 |page=5017}}</ref> *Privy Counsellor (PC), 2004
===Arms=== {{Infobox COA wide |image = File:Coat of Arms of Robin, Baron Butler Brockwell.svg |imagesize = 250px |bannerimage = Garter Banner of the Baron Butler Brockwell.svg |image size = |notes = Butler was granted armorial bearings 10 December 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/grants/item/70-arms-of-baron-butler |title=The Arms of The Right Honourable Baron Butler of Brockwell, K.G., G.C.B., C.V.O., P.C. |publisher=College of Arms |access-date=19 January 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716205739/http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/Butler.htm |archive-date=16 July 2012}}</ref> |year_adopted = 2003 |crest = Out of a Well a demi Badger Azure the head Argent and eye-stripes Azure. |torse =Mantling Or and Azure. |coronet = Coronet of a Baron |escutcheon = Azure a Cross flory and parted Or between four Covered Cups bases inwards Argent. |supporters = On either side a Lion Argent armed and langued Azure and holding in the interior forepaw a Lymphad flags flying Or. |badge = A Martlet close Azure beaked and enfiling a Coronet Or. |motto = '''SERVIRE ET SERVARE''' <br /> Latin: ''Serve and maintain'' |orders = The Order of the Garter |banner = The banner of the Baron Butler of Brockwell's arms used as Knight Companion of the Garter depicted at St George's Chapel. |symbolism = The cross and martlet refer to University College, Oxford. The covered cups refer to the arms used by various families with the name of Butler. The badger (a brock) and the well refer to Brockwell in the peerage title of The Lord Butler of Brockwell. }}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/1997-8/weekly/021097/news/story_2.htm Oxford University Gazette announcement of election as Master] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031027195043/http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/1997-8/weekly/021097/news/story_2.htm |date=27 October 2003 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120716205739/http://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/Butler.htm The Arms of Lord Butler of Brockwell] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060417075936/http://www.fettes.co.uk/ofa/ofnlja06.htm For the story about Rab Butler's memos] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331223124/http://www.debretts.co.uk/people/biographies/browse/b/10043/(Frederick%20Edward)%20Robin%20Butler+BUTLER%20OF%20BROCKWELL.aspx Debrett's People of Today]
{{s-start}} {{s-gov}} {{succession box | before=Clive Whitmore | title=Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister | years=1982–1985 | after=Nigel Wicks }} {{succession box | before=Sir Robert Armstrong | title=Cabinet Secretary & Head of the Home Civil Service | years=1988–1998 | after=Sir Richard Wilson }} {{s-aca}} {{succession box | before=John Albery |title= Master of University College, Oxford | years=1998–2008 | after=Sir Ivor Crewe }} {{s-prec|uk}} {{s-bef|before=The Lord Hattersley}} {{s-ttl|title=Gentlemen'''<br />''Baron Butler of Brockwell'' '''}} {{s-fol|after=The Lord Mackenzie of Framwellgate}} {{s-end}}
{{Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister}} {{Members of the Butler Review}} {{Secretaries of the Cabinet}} {{Heads of the Home Civil Service}} {{Members of the Order of the Garter}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Butler of Brockwell, Robin Butler, Baron}} Category:1938 births Category:Living people Category:People from Lytham St Annes Category:People educated at Harrow School Category:Alumni of University College, Oxford Category:Second permanent secretaries of HM Treasury Category:Cabinet secretaries (United Kingdom) Category:Private secretaries in the British Civil Service Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Category:Crossbench life peers Category:Masters of University College, Oxford Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Category:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order Category:Knights of the Garter Category:HSBC people Category:Principal private secretaries to the prime minister Category:Fellows of King's College London Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II Category:Oxford University RFC players