{{Short description|New Zealand geologist (1942–2016)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Robert M. Carter | image = Bob_Carter_portrait.JPG | image_size = | birth_name = Robert Merlin Carter | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1942|3|9}} | birth_place = Reading, England | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2016|01|19|1942|3|9}} | death_place = Townsville, Australia | citizenship = British, Australian | fields = Earth Science, Geology, Paleontology | workplaces = University of Otago, University of Adelaide, James Cook University | alma_mater = University of Otago, University of Cambridge | thesis_title = The Functional Morphology of Bivalved Mollusca | thesis_url = | thesis_year = 1968 | doctoral_advisor = M. J. S. Rudwick | influences = | other_names = Bob | awards = Hochstetter Lecturer, Geological Society of New Zealand (1975), Honorary Fellow, Royal Society of New Zealand (1997) }}
'''Robert Merlin Carter''' (9 March 1942 – 19 January 2016) was an English palaeontologist, stratigrapher and marine geologist. He was professor and head of the School of Earth Sciences at James Cook University in Australia from 1981 to 1998,<ref name="cos">{{cite web | url=http://myprofile.cos.com/glrmc | title=Robert M. Carter | publisher=Community of Science | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723214618/http://myprofile.cos.com/glrmc | archive-date=23 July 2011 | accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jcu.edu.au/news/releases/2016/january/death-of-prof-bob-carter | title=Death of Prof Bob Carter | date=5 February 2016 | publisher=James Cook University | accessdate=26 November 2017}}</ref> and was prominent in promoting anthropogenic climate change denial.<ref name="Davis2008">{{cite book|author=Mark Davis|title=The Land Of Plenty: Australia In The 2000s|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=puTu1P5kZWgC&pg=PA191|date=1 September 2008|publisher=Melbourne Univ. Publishing|isbn=978-0-522-85909-6|pages=191–}}</ref><ref name="DryzekNorgaard2011">{{cite book | author1 = Riley E. Dunlap|author2= Aaron M. McCright | contribution =2.8 International diffusion of Climate Change Denial |editor1=John S. Dryzek|editor2=Richard B. Norgaard|editor3=David Schlosberg|title=The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RsYr_iQUs6QC&pg=PA155|date=18 August 2011|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-956660-0|page=155}}</ref>
== Early life and education == Carter was born in Reading, England on 9 March 1942<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBsxAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Carter,+Robert+merlin%22+1942|title=Who's who in Australia|year=2002}}</ref> and emigrated to New Zealand in 1956, where he attended Lindisfarne College.<ref name=carter1975>{{cite journal | author=Carter, R.M. | url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~glrmc/RMC%201975%20Mass%20Transport%20-%20Earth%20Science%20Rev.%2011,%20145-177.PDF | title=A discussion and classification of subaqueous mass-transport with particular application to grain-flow, slurry-flow, and fluxoturbidites | year=1973 | journal=Earth-Science Reviews | volume=11 | issue=2 | page=145 | accessdate=10 July 2012 | doi=10.1016/0012-8252(75)90098-7| bibcode=1975ESRv...11..145C }}</ref> He obtained a B.Sc. (Hons) in geology from the University of Otago in 1963 and returned to England to complete a Ph.D. in paleontology from the University of Cambridge in 1968.<ref name=cos/> His doctoral thesis was titled ''The Functional Morphology of Bivalved Mollusca''.<ref name=carter1975/>
== Career == Carter began his career as an assistant lecturer in geology at the University of Otago in 1963 and advanced to senior lecturer after obtaining his Ph.D. in 1968. He was professor and head of the School of Earth Sciences at James Cook University from 1981 to 1998, an adjunct research professor at the Marine Geophysical Laboratory at James Cook University from 1998 to 2005 and a visiting research professor in geology and geophysics at the University of Adelaide from 2001 to 2005.<ref name=cos/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://heartland.org/robert-m-carter | title=Robert M. Carter | publisher=The Heartland Institute | accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref><ref name=icsc>{{cite web | url=http://www.climatescienceinternational.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=394 | title=Professor Robert M. Carter – ICSC Chief Science Advisor | publisher=International Climate Science Coalition (ICSC) | accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref>
He published papers on taxonomic palaeontology, palaeoecology, the growth and form of the molluscan shell, New Zealand and Pacific geology, stratigraphic classification, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, the Great Barrier Reef, Quaternary geology, and sea-level and climate change.<ref name=icsc/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~glrmc/new_page_4.htm | title=Research Papers | accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> Carter published primary research in the field of palaeoclimatology, investigating New Zealand's climate extending back to 3.9 Ma.<ref name="Carter, Robert M. 2005 9–42">{{cite journal | author=Carter, Robert M. | title=A New Zealand climatic template back to c. 3.9 Ma: ODP Site 1119, Canterbury Bight, south-west Pacific Ocean, and its relationship to onland successions | journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand | year=2005 | volume=35 | issue=1–2 | pages=9–42 | doi=10.1080/03014223.2005.9517776| bibcode=2005JRSNZ..35....9C | s2cid=131332358 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Carter, R.M. |author2=Fulthorpe, C.S. |author3=Lu, H. | year=2004 | title=Canterbury Drifts at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1119, New Zealand: climatic modulation of southwest Pacific intermediate water flows since 3.9 Ma | journal=Geology | volume=32 | issue=11 | pages=1005–1008 | doi=10.1130/G20783.1|bibcode = 2004Geo....32.1005C }}</ref>
Carter retired from James Cook University in 2002, maintaining the status of "adjunct professor" until January 2013, when Carter's position of adjunct professor was not renewed. He maintained an association with several think tanks that disagree with some aspects of the scientific consensus on climate change. He was a founding member of the New Zealand Climate Science Coalition,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nzclimatescience.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=45 | title=About Us & Contact: Inaugural Climate Scientists | publisher=New Zealand Climate Science Coalition | accessdate=6 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510130444/http://nzclimatescience.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=12&Itemid=45 | archive-date=10 May 2012 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> an emeritus fellow and science policy advisor at the Institute of Public Affairs,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ipa.org.au/people | title=People and associates: IPA Staff | location=Australia | publisher=Institute of Public Affairs | accessdate=6 July 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708113449/http://ipa.org.au/people | archive-date=8 July 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> a science advisor at the Science and Public Policy Institute,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/personnel.html | title=Personnel | publisher=Science and Public Policy Institute | accessdate=6 July 2012 | url-status=usurped | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012014621/http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/personnel.html | archive-date=12 October 2007 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and the chief science advisor for the International Climate Science Coalition (ICSC).<ref name=icsc/>
He served as chair of the Earth Sciences Discipline Panel of the Australian Research Council, director of the Australian Office of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), and Co-Chief Scientist on ODP Leg 181 (Southwest Pacific Gateway).<ref name=cos/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.margo.org.au/html/ODPAustraliaSummary.htm | title=ODP Australia – Historical Summary in 2001 | publisher=Marine Geoscience Office (MARGO) | accessdate=6 July 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321054249/http://www.margo.org.au/html/ODPAustraliaSummary.htm | archive-date=21 March 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.margo.org.au/html/odp_australia.htm | title=The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) – Australian Legs ODP Leg 181 | publisher=Marine Geoscience Office (MARGO) | accessdate=6 July 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321022843/http://www.margo.org.au/html/odp_australia.htm | archive-date=21 March 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Carter was a member of the American Geophysical Union, the Geological Society of America, the Geological Society of Australia, the Geological Society of New Zealand and the Society for Sedimentary Geology.<ref name=cos/>
Robert Carter died on 19 January 2016 after a heart attack at the age of 73.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://blog.heartland.org/2016/01/dr-robert-m-carter-r-i-p/| title= Dr. Robert M. Carter, R.I.P. |date= 19 January 2016 |first= Joe |last= Bast |accessdate= 19 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Lawrence |last1=Money |first2=Lindsey |last2=Green |date=21 January 2016 |title=Climate change sceptic Bob Carter dies at 74 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/climate-change-sceptic-bob-carter-dies-at-74-20160121-gmb2be.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |accessdate=21 January 2016 }}</ref>
== Views on global warming == Carter was critical of the IPCC and believed statements about dangerous human-caused global warming to be unjustified.<ref name="Carter, Robert M. 2008 177–202">{{cite journal | author=Carter, Robert M. | title=Knock, Knock: Where is the Evidence for Dangerous Human-Caused Global Warming? | url=http://www.eap-journal.com/archive/v38_i2_03_carter.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728150656/http://www.eap-journal.com/archive/v38_i2_03_carter.pdf | url-status=usurped | archive-date=28 July 2011 | journal=Economic Analysis and Policy | year=2008 | volume=38 | issue=2 | pages=177–202| doi=10.1016/S0313-5926(08)50016-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Solomon, Lawrence | author-link=Lawrence Solomon | date=17 July 2007 | url=https://nationalpost.com/story.html?id=d71dfa89-384c-4ede-a759-55fb7ffdcfc2 | title=What global warming, Australian skeptic asks | publisher=National Post | accessdate=24 August 2008 }}{{dead link|date=October 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> He was on the research committee of the Institute of Public Affairs, an Australian free-market think tank which promotes climate change denial,<ref name="Davis2008" /> and connected with its subsidiary think-tanks.<ref name="DryzekNorgaard2011" /> In April 2006, he argued against climate change being "man-made" by asserting that the global average temperature "had stopped" for the eight years since 1998, while the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased.<ref>{{cite news | author=Carter, Bob | date=4 April 2006 | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3624242/There-IS-a-problem-with-global-warming...-it-stopped-in-1998.html | title= There IS a problem with global warming... it stopped in 1998 | publisher=The Daily Telegraph | accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> Chris Mooney refers to this article as an early example of statistically misleading use of the short period from the exceptionally strong El Niño year of 1998 which had set a temperature record.<ref name="Mooney Oct13">{{cite web | url=https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/09/global-warming-pause-ipcc | title=Who Created the Global Warming "Pause"? | work=Mother Jones | date=7 October 2013 | accessdate=22 June 2015 | author=Mooney, Chris}}</ref> In 2007, Carter participated in an expert panel discussion after the airing of ''The Great Global Warming Swindle'' documentary on ABC.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/swindle/about-the-film.htm | title=About The Film: 8.30 p.m. Thursday, July 12th on ABC TV and ABC2 | date=12 July 2007 | location=Australia | publisher=ABC Television | accessdate=7 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media | url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/swindle/panel.htm | people=David Karoly, Bob Carter, Robyn Williams, Michael Duffy, Greg Bourne, Ray Evans, Nikki Williams, Nick Rowley | title=The Great Global Warming Swindle | medium=Television | location=Australia | publisher=ABC Television | date=12 July 2007}}</ref>
His position on global warming was criticized by other scientists such as David Karoly,<ref>{{cite web | author=Karoly, David | date=24 June 2011 | url=http://theconversation.edu.au/bob-carters-climate-counter-consensus-is-an-alternate-reality-1553 | title=Bob Carter's climate counter-consensus is an alternate reality | publisher=The Conversation | accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref> James Renwick<ref>{{cite web | author=Renowden, Gareth | date=9 April 2011 | url=http://sciblogs.co.nz/hot-topic/2011/04/29/climate-the-counter-consensus/ | title=Climate: The Counter Consensus (Review) | publisher=Sciblogs.co.nz | accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg.<ref>{{cite web | author=Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove | author-link=Ove Hoegh-Guldberg (biologist)| date=16 June 2011 | url=http://theconversation.edu.au/whos-your-expert-the-difference-between-peer-review-and-rhetoric-1550 | title=Who's your expert? The difference between peer review and rhetoric | publisher=The Conversation | accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref> In 2007, Wendy Frew, an environmental reporter with ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', stated Carter "appears to have little standing in the Australian climate science community."<ref name="SMH">{{cite news |author=Wendy Frew |title=Minchin denies climate change man-made | url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/environment/minchin-denies-climate-change-manmade/2007/03/14/1173722560417.html | publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald | date=15 March 2007 }}</ref>
He published several critiques of global warming in economics journals.<ref name="Carter, Robert M. 2008 177–202"/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Carter |first1=Robert M. | last2=de Freitas |first2=Chris |last3=Goklany |first3=Indur M. |last4=Holland |first4=David |last5=Lindzen |first5=Richard S. | title=Climate Science and the Stern Review | url=http://www.world-economics-journal.com/Contents/ArticleOverview.aspx?ID=290 | journal=World Economics | year=2007 | volume=8 | issue=2 | pages=161–182}}</ref> In 2009, he co-authored a paper in the Journal of Geophysical Research, which argued that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation accounted for most of the global temperature variation of the last fifty years.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McLean |first1=J. D. | last2=de Freitas |first2=C. R. |last3=Carter |first3=R. M. | title=Influence of the Southern Oscillation on tropospheric temperature | journal=Journal of Geophysical Research | year=2009 | volume=114 | issue=D14 |pages=D14104 | doi=10.1029/2008JD011637 | bibcode=2009JGRD..11414104M|arxiv=0908.1828 |citeseerx=10.1.1.185.22 }}</ref> A rebuttal by nine other scientists was published in the same issue.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Foster |first1=G. |author2=Annan, J.D. |author3=Jones, P.D. |author4=Mann, M.E. |author5=Mullan, B. |author6=Renwick, J. |author7=Salinger, J. |author8=Schmidt, G.A. |author9= Trenberth, K. E. | year=2010 | title=Comment on "Influence of the Southern Oscillation on tropospheric temperature" by J. D. McLean, C. R. de Freitas, and R. M. Carter | journal=Journal of Geophysical Research | volume=115 | doi=10.1029/2009JD012960 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Carter appeared as a witness before the 2009 select committee on climate policy of the Parliament of Australia,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/committees/commsen/11980/toc_pdf/6723-2.pdf | title=SELECT COMMITTEE ON CLIMATE POLICY: Emissions trading and reducing carbon pollution | date=15 April 2009 | publisher=Parliament of Australia | accessdate=4 August 2012}}</ref> and testified before the United States Senate on the issue of human-caused climate change.<ref>{{cite web | author=Carter, Robert M. | date=6 December 2006 | url=http://www.epw.senate.gov/109th/Carter_Testimony.pdf | title=Public Misperceptions of Human-Caused Climate Change: The Role of the Media | publisher=United States Senate | accessdate=4 August 2012}}</ref> He appeared in the media speaking for the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), a contrarian report backed by The Heartland Institute, a free-market think tank opposed to climate change responses.<ref name="Ashton 2013">{{cite web | last=Ashton | first=John | title=The BBC betrayed its values by giving Professor Carter this climate platform | website=the Guardian | date=1 October 2013 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/oct/01/bbc-betrayed-values-carter-scorn-ipcc | access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref> He was a contributor and reviewer of their 2009 report ''Climate Change Reconsidered'', and lead author of the 2011 interim report.<ref>{{cite book | author=Idso, Craig | author2=Singer, S. Fred | year=2009 | title=Climate Change Reconsidered: 2009 Report | url=http://www.nipccreport.org/reports/2009/2009report.html | publisher=The Heartland Institute | location=Chicago | isbn=978-1934791288 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104165110/http://www.nipccreport.org/reports/2009/2009report.html | archive-date=4 January 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Idso, Craig | author2=Carter, Robert M. | author3=Singer, S. Fred | year=2011 | title=Climate Change Reconsidered: 2011 Interim Report | url=http://www.nipccreport.org/reports/2011/2011report.html | publisher=The Heartland Institute | location=Chicago | isbn=978-1934791363 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007162007/http://www.nipccreport.org/reports/2011/2011report.html | archive-date=7 October 2011 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
In 2012, documents acquired from The Heartland Institute think tank revealed that Carter was paid a monthly fee of US$1,667 "as part of a program to pay 'high-profile individuals who regularly and publicly counter the alarmist [anthropogenic global warming] message'."<ref name=smhfeb2012>{{cite news | author=Cubby, Ben | date=16 February 2012 | url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/scientist-denies-he-is-mouthpiece-of-us-climatesceptic-think-tank-20120215-1t6yi.html | title=Scientist denies he is mouthpiece of US climate-sceptic think tank | publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald | accessdate=11 March 2012}}</ref> While Carter did not deny that the payments took place, he declined to discuss the payments.<ref name=smhfeb2012/> Carter emphatically denied that his scientific opinion on climate change could be bought.<ref>{{cite news | author=Readfearn, Graham | date=16 February 2012 | url=http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/3834220.html | title=Dollars, documents and denial: a tangled web | location=Australia | publisher=ABC | accessdate=8 July 2012}}</ref>
== Awards and honors == * 1975 – Hochstetter Lecturer, Geological Society of New Zealand<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gsnz.org.nz/information/awards-i-34.html | title=GSNZ Awards | publisher=Geological Society of New Zealand | accessdate=6 July 2012 | archive-date=6 June 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606014408/http://www.gsnz.org.nz/information/awards-i-34.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1992 – Allan P. Bennison Distinguished Overseas Lecturer, American Association of Petroleum Geologists<ref name=cos/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://foundation.aapg.org/programs/distinguished_lectures.cfm | title=Distinguished Lecture Program | publisher=American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Foundation | accessdate=10 January 2018}}</ref> * 1997 – Honorary Fellow, Royal Society of New Zealand<ref name=cos/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/organisation/academy/fellowship/current-honorary-fellows/ | title=List of Current Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of New Zealand | publisher=Royal Society of New Zealand | accessdate=6 July 2012}}</ref> * 1998 – Special Investigator Research Award, Australian Research Council<ref name=cos/>
== Selected publications == * {{cite journal | author=Carter, Robert M. | title=Two models: global sea-level change and sequence stratigraphic architecture | journal=Sedimentary Geology | year=1998 | volume=122 | issue=1–4 | pages=23–36 | doi=10.1016/S0037-0738(98)00111-0 | bibcode=1998SedG..122...23C }} * {{cite journal | author=Carter, Robert M. | title=New Zealand Maritime Glaciation: Millennial-Scale Southern Climate Change Since 3.9 Ma | journal=Science | year=2004 | volume=304 | issue=5677 | pages=1659–1662 | doi=10.1126/science.1093726 | pmid=15192226 | bibcode=2004Sci...304.1659C| s2cid=24028315 }} * {{cite journal | author=Carter, Robert M. | title=A New Zealand climatic template back to c. 3.9 Ma: ODP Site 1119, Canterbury Bight, south-west Pacific Ocean, and its relationship to onland successions | journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand | year=2005 | volume=35 | issue=1–2 | pages=9–42 | doi=10.1080/03014223.2005.9517776 | bibcode=2005JRSNZ..35....9C | s2cid=131332358 }} * {{cite journal | author=Carter, Robert M. | last2=de Freitas |first2=Chris |last3=Goklany |first3=Indur M. |last4=Holland |first4=David |last5=Lindzen |first5=Richard S. | title=Climate Science and the Stern Review | url=http://www.world-economics-journal.com/Contents/ArticleOverview.aspx?ID=290 | journal=World Economics | year=2007 | volume=8 | issue=2 | pages=161–182 }} * {{cite journal | last=Carter |first=Robert M. | title=Knock, Knock: Where is the Evidence for Dangerous Human-Caused Global Warming? | url=http://www.eap-journal.com/archive/v38_i2_03_carter.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728150656/http://www.eap-journal.com/archive/v38_i2_03_carter.pdf | url-status=usurped | archive-date=28 July 2011 | journal=Economic Analysis and Policy | year=2008 | volume=38 | issue=2 | pages=177–202 |doi=10.1016/S0313-5926(08)50016-6 }} * {{cite journal | author=McLean, J. D. | last2=de Freitas |first2=C. R. |last3=Carter |first3=R. M. | title=Influence of the Southern Oscillation on tropospheric temperature | journal=Journal of Geophysical Research | year=2009 | volume=114 | issue=D14 | pages=D14104 | doi=10.1029/2008JD011637 | bibcode=2009JGRD..11414104M | arxiv=0908.1828| citeseerx=10.1.1.185.22 }} * {{cite journal | author=Land, Marissa |author2=Wust, Raphael A.J. |author3=Robert, Christian |author4= Carter, Robert M. | title=Plio-Pleistocene paleoclimate in the Southwest Pacific as reflected in clay mineralogy and particle size at ODP Site 1119, SE New Zealand | journal=Marine Geology | year=2010 | volume=274 | issue=1–4 | pages=165–176 | doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2010.04.001 | bibcode=2010MGeol.274..165L}} * {{cite book | author=Carter, Robert M. | url=http://www.stacey-international.co.uk/v1/site/product_rpt.asp?Catid=331 | title=Climate: the Counter Consensus | year=2010 | publisher=Stacey International | isbn=978-1906768294 }} * {{cite book | author=Carter, Robert M. | author2=Spooner, J. | others=with Bill Kinninmonth, Martin Feil, Stewart Franks, Bryan Leyland | title=Taxing Air: Facts and Fallacies about Climate Change | year=2013 | publisher=Kelpie Press | isbn=9780646902180 }}
== References == {{reflist|30em}}
== External links == * [http://members.iinet.net.au/~glrmc/ Robert Carter's personal homepage] * [http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/view/jcu/0E1B7C242D2D38976FAFA3141EB3F276.html Robert Carter's Publications at the James Cook University Repository] * {{YouTube|vop4FtP4_6U|Bob Carter – The Misrepresentation of Science in the Public Domain}}, International Conference on Climate Change 22 May 2012 {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carter, Robert M.}} Category:21st-century New Zealand geologists Category:University of Otago alumni Category:20th-century New Zealand geologists Category:1942 births Category:2016 deaths Category:Academic staff of James Cook University Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge Category:English emigrants to Australia Category:People from Reading, Berkshire Category:Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of New Zealand Category:English emigrants to New Zealand