{{Short description|American government official (born 1943)}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Robert Hormats | image = HormatsRobert.jpg | order = 18th Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment | term_start = September 23, 2009 | term_end = July 31, 2013 | president = Barack Obama | deputy = | predecessor = Reuben Jeffery III | successor = Catherine A. Novelli | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|4|13}} | birth_place = Baltimore, Maryland | death_date = | death_place = | party = Democratic | alma_mater = Tufts University (BA, MA, PhD) | profession = | office1 = 15th Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs | term_start1 = 1981 | term_end1 = 1982 | preceded1 = Deane R. Hinton | succeeded1 = Richard T. McCormack }}

'''Robert David "Bob" Hormats'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/hormats-robert-david|title=Robert David Hormats (1943–)|work=Department of State|access-date=September 3, 2022}}</ref> (born April 13, 1943, in Baltimore, Maryland)<ref name=Reagan81>{{Cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=43487|title = Nomination of Robert D. Hormats to be an Assistant Secretary of State &#124; the American Presidency Project}}</ref> is Vice Chairman of Kissinger Associates.<ref name="Tidemann Wealth Management biography">{{cite web |url=http://www.tiedemannwealth.com/leadership/investment-committee-2/robert-d-hormats/ |title=Robert D. Hormats {{!}} Tiedemann Wealth Management |website=www.tiedemannwealth.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418203747/http://www.tiedemannwealth.com/leadership/investment-committee-2/robert-d-hormats |archive-date=2014-04-18}}</ref>

==Early life and education== Hormats graduated from the high school Baltimore City College in 1961.

Graduated from Tufts University, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree (with a concentration in economics and political science) in 1965, a Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy in 1966, and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in international economics in 1970.<ref name="Reagan81" /><ref name="StateDept.Bio">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091009104015/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/129529.htm United States Department of State] Bio at the State Dept. website</ref><ref name="61GB">{{cite book |title=The 1961 Green Bag |year=1961 |editor-last=Wolfe |editor-first=Murray}}</ref>

== Career == Prior he served as Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment (at the time, entitled Under Secretary of State for Economic, Business, and Agricultural Affairs) from 2009 to 2013. Hormats was formerly Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs (International), which he joined in 1982. He served as Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary, from 1977 to 1979, and Assistant Secretary of State, from 1981 to 1982, at the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (formerly Bureau of Economic, Energy, and Business Affairs).

He was Ambassador and Deputy United States Trade Representative from 1979 to 1981. He served as a senior staff member for International Economic Affairs on the United States National Security Council from 1969 to 1977, where he was senior economic adviser to Henry Kissinger, General Brent Scowcroft and Zbigniew Brzezinski. He helped to manage the Nixon administration's opening of diplomatic relations with China's communist government. He was a recipient of the French Legion of Honor in 1982 and the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1974.<ref name="StateDept.Bio" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Solomon |first=Jay |date=July 20, 2009 |title=White House Taps Hormats for State Post |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124788062989961233 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

Hormats has been a visiting lecturer at Princeton University and served on the Board of Visitors of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and the Dean’s Council of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.<ref name="StateDept.Bio" />

=== Publications === His publications include ''The Price of Liberty: Paying for America's Wars from the Revolution to the War on Terror''; ''Abraham Lincoln and the Global Economy''; ''American Albatross: The Foreign Debt Dilemma''; and ''Reforming the International Monetary System''. Other publications include articles in Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, American Banker and The Financial Times.<ref name=StateDept.Bio/>

=== Boards and membership === Hormats is an honorary trustee of the Institute for Education (IFE).<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.instituteforeducation.org/staff.htm | title=Institute for Education (IFE) staff | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011042636/http://www.instituteforeducation.org/staff.htm | archive-date=2008-10-11 }}</ref> He played a role in the founding of the Center for International Education (CIE) at the Washington International School.<ref>[https://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/49753-bob-hormatss-welcome-return/ Hormats’s welcome return] The Hill, by Kathy Kemper, September 8, 2009</ref>

He is a member of Securing America's Future Energy (SAFE), the Economic Club of New York, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Irvington Institute for Immunological Research, Engelhard Corporation, and a former member of the Rockefeller Center Club, the Pacific Council on Foreign Policy, and Freedom House.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.muckety.com/Robert-D-Hormats/4089.muckety | title=Robert D. Hormats relationship map - Muckety | access-date=2009-11-29 | archive-date=2010-02-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210055958/http://muckety.com/Robert-D-Hormats/4089.muckety | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/news/fall2007/hormats.php |title=LBJ School - News & Publications - Dr. Robert D. Hormats |website=www.utexas.edu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114193625/http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/news/fall2007/hormats.php |archive-date=2007-11-14}}</ref> Hormats is also a member of board of directors of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.opic.gov/about/board-of-directors|title=OPIC is now DFC|access-date=2009-11-30|archive-date=2009-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209061402/http://www.opic.gov/about/board-of-directors|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hormats has been a guest scholar at the Brookings Institution and a visiting lecturer at Princeton University. He is a member of the Trilateral Commission and is on the board of directors of the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund, and the Council on Foreign Relations, as well as being on the board of overseers of Tufts University.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldleaders.columbia.edu/participants/robert-hormats |title=Robert Hormats {{!}} Columbia University World Leaders Forum |website=www.worldleaders.columbia.edu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915220737/http://www.worldleaders.columbia.edu/participants/robert-hormats |archive-date=2008-09-15}}</ref>

Hormats is a member of the [https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/ Atlantic Council'] s<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/board-of-directors/ |access-date=2020-02-11 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref> Board of Directors.

=== Points of view === Hormats has been a supporter of legislation that would increase investments in infrastructure in America through a national bank that would develop public-private partnerships for large transportation projects. "It's a high national priority," Hormats told Congressional Quarterly in March 2008. "Public-private cooperation is a really critical part. The needs are urgent."<ref>Itkowitz, Colby, “Pelosi Wants House to Consider Infrastructure Bank Bill,” ''Congressional Quarterly'', March 12, 2008</ref> He and others argue that U.S. transportation infrastructure has lagged behind foreign competitors. Unless the country picks up the pace, it will not be able to support its growing trade and population.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-34171359_ITM | author=Sanchez, Humberto | title=Transportation: Democrats Discuss Infrastructure Funding | website=The Bond Buyer | date=March 13, 2008}}</ref>

He is an advocate of enhancing intelligence capabilities, modernizing military equipment and spending more money on preparing first-responders like firemen and emergency medical technicians for crises.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/13774/price_of_liberty.html | title=The Price of Liberty: Paying for America's Wars | website=Council on Foreign Relations | date=May 16, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822121302/http://www.cfr.org/publication/13774/price_of_liberty.html | archive-date=2009-08-22 }}</ref> He worries that future presidential administrations will spend less than they should on homeland security because to do so will require raising taxes or cutting non-defense programs. He also worries that the unpopularity of the Iraq war will cause the country to reduce its military presence overseas.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/62662/aaron-l-friedberg/the-long-haul-fighting-and-funding-america-s-next-wars | author=Friedburg, Aaron | title=The Long Haul: Fighting and Funding America's Next Wars | website=Foreign Affairs | date=July 2007}}</ref>

Hormats has argued that China and America are financially intertwined. It would not be in China’s financial interest, he argued, to destabilize the dollar by recalling the country’s vast loans to the U.S. Doing so would result in a shrunken export market for China. Hormats calls this MAD—mutually assured depression. In 2004, the government fined Goldman Sachs $2 million for illegally and selectively promoting the stock of four Asian companies that were about to go public. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission, Hormats and others "made illegal offerings of securities to select customers in 1999 and 2000 and made inappropriate statements to the press." Hormats told four media outlets that PetroChina, a Chinese-based oil producer, was not invested in Darfur. The disclosure was illegal under SEC rules, because the company had not yet gone public, and Hormats would not have been allowed to comment until it had done so.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21927-2004Jul1.html Anderson, Lauren, “Goldman Settles Charges Of Illegally Promoting Stock,”] ''The Washington Post'', July 2, 2004</ref><ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/17549361/As-Goldman-exec-Obama-nominee-played-key-role-in-Sudanlinked-IPO As Goldman exec, Obama nominee played key role in Sudan-linked IPO] – Public Accountability Initiative</ref>

==Personal life== Hormats is Jewish. On November 16, 2009, Hormats received the Executive Leadership Award from the Aish Center.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aishny.com/honorees.asp |title=AISH NEW YORK |website=www.aishny.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201105501/http://www.aishny.com/honorees.asp |archive-date=2008-12-01}}</ref> Hormats was married in 2015 to Catherine Azmoodeh, a woman 40 years his junior. It was the first marriage for each.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.27east.com/news/article.cfm/Water-Mill/97115/Robert-Hormats-and-Catherine-Azmoodeh|title=27east.com March 14 2015}}</ref>

==See also== * List of Baltimore City College people

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category}} * [http://littlesis.org/person/39293/Bob_Hormats Hormat's Involuntary Profile, LittleSis] * {{C-SPAN|5418}}

{{s-start}} {{s-gov}} {{succession box| before=Reuben Jeffery III| title=Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment| after=Catherine Novelli| years=September 23, 2009 – July 31, 2013 }} {{s-end}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hormats, Robert}} Category:Atlantic Council Category:Living people Category:The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni Category:Goldman Sachs people Category:American foreign policy writers Category:American male non-fiction writers Category:United States Department of State officials Category:Obama administration personnel Category:20th-century American Jews Category:American bankers Category:Businesspeople from Baltimore Category:Baltimore City College alumni Category:1943 births Category:National Bureau of Asian Research Category:21st-century American Jews