{{Short description|American soldier, lawyer, and educator (1835–1927)}} {{Infobox military person | name = Robert Cornwell | image = R. T. Cornwell (1899) (cropped).png | caption = Cornwell, {{circa|1899}} | birth_name = Robert Thompson Cornwell | birth_date = {{birth date|1835|01|29}} | birth_place = Orange County, New York, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1927|04|26|1835|01|29}} | death_place = West Chester, Pennsylvania, U.S. | burial_place = Oaklands Cemetery, West Chester, Pennsylvania, U.S. | allegiance = United States (Union) | branch = U.S. Army (Union Army) | service_years = 1862–1864 | rank = Captain | unit = Company I, 67th Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment }}
'''Robert Thompson Cornwell''' (January 29, 1835 – April 26, 1927) was an American soldier, lawyer, and educator. Serving as a Union Army captain during the American Civil War, he was captured and imprisoned in the notorious Confederate Libby Prison. After the war, he became a prominent citizen of West Chester, Pennsylvania, and a partner in the law firm of William Darlington.
== Early life and education == Cornwell was born in Orange County, New York, on January 29, 1835, to Daniel and Elizabeth (Thompson) Cornwell. His parents were farmers. Cornwell attended Monticello Academy in Sullivan County, New York, and the University of Northern Pennsylvania in Bethany, Pennsylvania. He taught at both of his alma maters in 1853 and 1854. In April 1855, he moved to Millersville, Pennsylvania, to teach at the Lancaster County Normal School, founded that same year by county superintendent James P. Wickersham. In the fall of 1858, Cornwell and another teacher founded a normal school in Indiana, Pennsylvania, which eventually evolved into Indiana University of Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Cope |first=Gilbert |url=http://archive.org/details/historichomesins00cope |title=Historic Homes and Institutions, and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of Chester and Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania |last2=Ashmead |first2=Henry Graham |publisher=Lewis Publishing Company |year=1904 |location=New York |publication-date= |pages=107–110 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Heathcote |first=Charles William |url=http://archive.org/details/historyofchester00heat |title=A History of Chester County, Pennsylvania |publisher=National Historical Association |year=1932 |location=Harrisburg, PA |pages=154 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Boaz |first=Thomas M. |url=http://archive.org/details/libbyprisonbeyon0000corn_m6p0 |title=Libby Prison and Beyond: A Union Staff Officer in the East, 1862–1865 |publisher=Burd Street Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-57249-123-6 |location=Shippensburg, PA |pages=x–xvi, 185–187 |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Military career == When the American Civil War erupted in April 1861, Cornwell raised a company of infantry troops in response to President Abraham Lincoln's call for volunteers. Cornwell soon disbanded the company, as Lincoln's quota for Pennsylvania volunteers had been filled. In August 1862, he raised another company, which joined the 67th Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment, attached to the Army of the Potomac. He became captain and commanding officer of Company I. His company guarded infrastructure in Annapolis and Baltimore in 1862 and later deployed to West Virginia.<ref name=":0" />
At the Second Battle of Winchester in June 1863, Cornwell was captured by the Confederates while sick with typhoid fever in a military hospital. He was held as a prisoner of war at the Confederate Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia, until paroled on May 2, 1864. In July 1864, he joined the staff of General James B. Ricketts, serving as provost marshal of the 3rd Division of the VI Corps. Cornwell served at the Battle of Monocacy and in Philip Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign. He was honorably discharged on October 25, 1864, when his term of enlistment ended.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
== Later life and career == Following his military service, Cornwell joined his wife in West Chester, Pennsylvania. He read law under William Bell Waddell and gained admittance to the Chester County bar on December 10, 1866. From 1868 to 1878, he practiced law alongside William Darlington in the firm of Darlington & Cornwell.<ref name=":1" /> A prominent citizen of West Chester, he served as a member of the town's school board, founding secretary of the West Chester State Normal School, president of the Electric Light Company of West Chester, president of the Chester County Hospital, chair of the executive committee of the Dime Savings Bank of Chester County, board member of the National Bank of Chester County, and secretary and treasurer of the Oaklands Cemetery. He held most of these offices for decades. A lifelong Republican who cast his first vote for president for John C. Frémont in 1856, Cornwell never sought elected office. According to his Civil War letters, he opposed Black suffrage and, like many Union soldiers, volunteered to fight in order to preserve the Union.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
From 1873 to 1878, Cornwell served as an officer in the Pennsylvania National Guard. During the Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877, he and his troops escorted a train taking Governor John Hartranft to Pittsburgh and subsequently protected freight trains from rioters.<ref name=":0" /> He was elected to the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Commandery of the State of Pennsylvania, in 1893.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States |url=http://archive.org/details/registerofcomman19mili |title=Register of the Commandery of the State of Pennsylvania, April 15, 1865 – September 1, 1902 |publisher=Press of J.T. Palmer |year=1902 |location=Philadelphia |pages=252 |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Personal life and death == Cornwell married Lydia Ann Jackson of Chester, Pennsylvania, on May 9, 1859. The couple had five children: Gibbons Gray, Martha Jackson, Mary Elizabeth, Ada Westlake, and William Darlington, who was named in honor of Cornwell's friend and business partner.<ref name=":0" /> Gibbons Gray earned a law degree from Yale University, practiced law with his father, and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel during the Spanish–American War.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
Cornwell died at his home in West Chester on April 26, 1927, at the age of 92.<ref name=":2" /> He was interred at Oaklands Cemetery.<ref name=":0" />
== References == {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{commons category-inline|Robert Thompson Cornwell}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cornwell, Robert}} Category:1835 births Category:1927 deaths Category:19th-century American educators Category:19th-century American lawyers Category:20th-century American lawyers Category:American Civil War prisoners of war Category:American Civil War prisoners of war held by the Confederate States of America Category:American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law Category:Burials at Oaklands Cemetery Category:Educators from Pennsylvania Category:Military personnel from Chester County, Pennsylvania Category:Millersville University of Pennsylvania faculty Category:Pennsylvania lawyers Category:Pennsylvania National Guard personnel Category:People from Orange County, New York Category:People from West Chester, Pennsylvania Category:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War Category:Union army officers Category:West Chester University people