{{short description|American mayor (1764–1819)}} {{use mdy dates|date=March 2022}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Robert Brent | image = RobertBrent.jpg | image_size = | caption = Robert Brent portrait painting, circa 1805 | office = [[List of mayors of Washington, D.C.#Mayors of the City of Washington (1802–1871)|1st Mayor of the City of Washington]] | term_start = 1802 | term_end = 1812 | predecessor = ''Office created'' | successor = [[Daniel Rapine]] | birth_date = 1764 | birth_place = [[Woodstock, Stafford County, Virginia|Woodstock]], [[Stafford County, Virginia|Stafford County]], [[Virginia]] | death_date = September 7, 1819 (aged 54–55) | death_place = Washington, D.C. | spouse = Mary Young | children = [[William Brent Jr.]] | relatives = [[John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)|John Carroll]] (uncle) | alma_mater = | profession = Quarry owner | party = [[Democratic-Republican Party]] | footnotes = | website = }}
'''Robert Brent''' (1764 – September 7, 1819) was the first mayor of the [[List of mayors of Washington, D.C.#Mayors of the City of Washington (1802–1871)|City of Washington]], federal capital of the [[United States|United States of America]]. Brent was born into a prominent [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] family, members of which emigrated to the Maryland colony in the 17th century and for which the Brent Society is named.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://catholicherald.com/stories/Fr-Gould-receives-Brent-Award,13047 |title=Fr. Gould Receives Brent Award |date=2010-05-26 |work=Catholic Herald |last=Flach |first=Mike |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101417/http://catholicherald.com/stories/Fr-Gould-receives-Brent-Award,13047 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead |access-date=2013-08-16}}</ref>
==Early life== Brent was born in 1764, on the Woodstock estate in [[Aquia, Virginia|Aquia]], [[Stafford County, Virginia]]. to parents Robert Brent and Anne Carroll Brent. Several of his ancestors had emigrated to northeastern Virginia after a political falling out with the Calvert family, the proprietors of the Maryland colony, and the Brents retained their Catholic faith, practicing it quietly when it became illegal in the Virginia colony. His maternal uncle, [[John Carroll (archbishop)|John Carroll]] became the first Catholic Bishop appointed for the United States, and traveled from his Maryland base into Virginia occasionally to conduct religious services at Brent family properties. Several of his Brent ancestors and relatives were lawyers and even members of the Virginia legislature representing Stafford County and later (when it was created) adjoining Prince William County, in addition to operating plantations using enslaved labor. Brent's father was a businessman who also owned the Aquia quarry.
In 1789 or 1787, Brent married Mary Young—the daughter of Notley Young, a plantation owner in [[Prince George's County]], [[Maryland]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=James Dudley|date=1899|title=Robert Brent, First Mayor of Washington City|jstor=40066731|journal=Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C.|volume=2|pages=236–251}}</ref> The couple resided on the Young family property after their marriage. A few years later, Young's property was among those annexed by the Federal government for the new national capital, making Brent one of the first residents of the newly created City of Washington. He soon took over his father's businesses, selling sandstone to the [[U.S. government]] for the [[White House]], [[U.S. Capitol]], and other early construction projects in the District of Columbia and thereby becoming one of the capital's most prominent merchants.
==Mayor of City of Washington== In 1802 [[U.S. Congress|Congress]] officially incorporated the city, including in its incorporation a directive for a mayor to be appointed annually by the [[President of the United States]]. On June 3, 1802 [[Thomas Jefferson]] wrote to Brent,<ref>[http://wyllie.lib.virginia.edu:8086/perl/toccer-new?id=JefThom.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=246&division=div2 Wyllie.lib.virginia.edu] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040925011541/http://wyllie.lib.virginia.edu:8086/perl/toccer-new?id=JefThom.sgm&images=images%2Fmodeng&data=%2Ftexts%2Fenglish%2Fmodeng%2Fparsed&tag=public&part=246&division=div2 |date=2004-09-25 }}</ref> informing Brent of his intention to appoint Brent as mayor of the city. Brent replied accepting the appointment that same day: "Altho I feel great diffidence in the talents I possess for executing that duty, in a manner which may afford general satisfaction, yet feeling it a duty to contribute my feeble aid for the public service, I will venture upon its duties."<ref>[http://wyllie.lib.virginia.edu:8086/perl/toccer-new?id=JefThom.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=247&division=div2 Wyllie.lib.virginia.edu]</ref>
Brent was reappointed to the position seven times by Jefferson and three times by [[James Madison]], finally relinquishing the position in June 1812. During his tenure, he essentially created the city government from the ground up — establishing markets, public schools, a police department, a fire department, and a system for taxation. In addition, since [[city planner]] [[Pierre L'Enfant]] had been dismissed before completion of his design, Brent was responsible for laying out many of the streets in the new city.<ref>Goode, James M. ''Capitol Losses: A Cultural History of Washington's Destroyed Buildings,'' Washington: Smithsonian Institution (2003)</ref> In ten terms as mayor, Brent took no salary.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0zc8AAAAMAAJ&q=Robert+Brent+mayor+no+salary&pg=PA289|title=Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Establishment of the Seat of Government in the District of Columbia|date=1901|publisher=Committee on the Centennial Celebration of the Establishment of the Seat of Government in the District of Columbia|language=en}}</ref>
==Other careers== During his lifetime, Brent also served as [[Paymaster-General of the United States Army]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_t0_AQAAMAAJ&q=Robert+Brent+paymaster+general&pg=PA27|title=Reports from the Court of Claims, Submitted to the House of Representatives, During the First Session of the Thirty-fourth Congress[-third Session of the Thirty-seventh Congress], 1855-'56 [-1862-'63].|date=1860|publisher=United States Court of Claims|language=en}}</ref> Judge of the Orphan's Court for [[Washington County, DC|Washington County]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INIRAAAAYAAJ&q=Robert+Brent+judge+of+the+Orphans+Court+for+Washington+County&pg=PA212|title=Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington|date=1900|publisher=The Society|language=en}}</ref> and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Public Schools. He was the first president of the Patriotic Bank and of the Columbia Manufacturing Co.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkoOAAAAIAAJ&q=Robert+Brent+first+president+Columbia+Manufacturing+Co&pg=PA529|title=A History of the National Capital from Its Foundation Through the Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act|last=Bryan|first=Wilhelmus Bogart|date=1914|publisher=Macmillan|language=en}}</ref>
==Brentwood Mansion== [[File:Brentwood Mansion (cropped).png|thumb|right|Drawing of Brentwood Mansion]] Brent's home was located on the southeast corner of the present 12th Street and Maryland Avenue SW in Washington, DC, but he owned land throughout the region, including parts of [[Montgomery County, Maryland|Montgomery County]], [[Maryland]], and Washington County. His landholdings were largely inherited through his father's family, his mother's family (the [[Daniel Carroll|Carrolls]] of Maryland), and his father-in-law.
In 1817 Brent had the Brentwood Mansion constructed in Washington County (the mansion site - Florida Ave and 6th Street NE is now part of the [[Gallaudet University]] campus in Northeast DC) as a present for his daughter Eleanor on her marriage to Congressman [[Joseph Pearson (politician)|Joseph Pearson]] (Federalist - N.C.). Brentwood was designed by one of the Capitol's architects, [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe]]. The [[Prince George's County, Maryland|Prince George's County]], Maryland, towns of [[Brentwood, Maryland|Brentwood]] and [[North Brentwood, Maryland|North Brentwood]] and the DC neighborhood of [[Brentwood, Washington, DC|Brentwood]] (which formed most of the original estate) take their names from his home.
==Legacy== Brent died in City of Washington, at his home on September 7, 1819, after suffering from a stroke. He was buried in a vault on the property of Brentwood Mansion but vandalism and desecration of the crypts forced the last owners of the property to re-inter the remains of Brent and his family members to Saint John the Evangelist Catholic Church Cemetery in Forest Glen, Maryland in 1915.{{citation needed |date=March 2022}}
Robert Brent Elementary School in City of Washington is named in his honor. His son [[William Brent Jr.]] served in the Virginia House of Delegates and as charge de affairs to Argentina.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [https://ghostsofdc.org/2012/02/28/robert-brent-friend-of-thomas-jefferson-and-washington-citys-first-mayor/ Robert Brent: Friend of Thomas Jefferson and Washington City's First Mayor]
{{S-start}} {{s-off}} {{succession box | before = ''none''| title = [[List of mayors of Washington, D.C.#Mayors of the City of Washington (1802–1871)]] | years = 1802–1812| after = [[Daniel Rapine]]}} {{S-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brent, Robert}} [[Category:1764 births]] [[Category:1819 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century mayors of Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:United States Army paymasters]] [[Category:People from Woodstock, Virginia]] [[Category:Paymaster-General of the United States Army]] [[Category:Slave owners from Virginia]]