[[File:1935. Регулировщик на углу улиц Горького и Грузинской.jpg|thumb|The ORUD traffic guard in Moscow, 1935.]] The '''Road Traffic Control Department''' ({{langx|ru|Отдел по регулированию уличного движения|Otdel po regulirovaniju ulichnogo dvizhenija}}), abbreviated as '''ORUD''' ({{langx|ru|ОРУД|links=no}}), was the road traffic control,<ref>Словарь сокращений и аббревиатур армии и спецслужб. Сост. А. А. Щелоков. — М.: ООО «Издательство АСТ», ЗАО «Издательский дом Гелеос», 2003. — 318 с., С. Фадеев. Словарь сокращений современного русского языка. — С.-Пб.: Политехника, 1997. — 527 с.</ref> highway patrol and traffic law enforcement department of the Soviet Militsiya. It was in operation from 1931 to 1961,<ref name="vokrugsveta">{{cite web|url=http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/encyclopedia/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%92%D0%94_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%28%D0%93%D0%98%D0%91%D0%94%D0%94%29|title=Госавтоинспекция МВД России (ГИБДД)|last=Kornilova|first=O.|publisher=Vokrug sveta|accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref> when it was merged with the State Automobile Inspectorate.
== History == The number of traffic accidents in the USSR greatly increased at the beginning of the 1920s.<ref name="avtoportal">{{cite web|url=http://avtoportal76.ru/jaroslavskoe-gai/jaroslavskoe-gai/istorija-orud-gai-gibd.html|title=The History of ORUD-GAI-GIBBD|date=7 August 2012|publisher=avtoportal76.ru|language=Russian|accessdate=13 November 2015}}</ref> Moscow City Police recognized the need for general road traffic control, and in 1931 The Road Traffic Control Department (ORUD) was established.<ref name="vokrugsveta"/> A special ORUD's department that handled the driver's licenses was opened as well.<ref name="vokrugsveta"/> It also assigned license plates.<ref name="greytek">{{cite web|url=http://glossary.greytek.ru/355.htm|title=The Main Directorate for Road Traffic Safety|publisher=glossary.greytek.ru|language=Russian|accessdate=13 November 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024404/http://glossary.greytek.ru/355.htm|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> A Member of Mossovet Boris Sokolov ({{langx|ru|Борис Михайлович Соколов|links=no}}) was appointed the head of the department. Vasily Chugunov ({{langx|ru|Василий Сергеевич Чугунов}}) became the Senior Inspector. There were only 145 employees at first.<ref name="greytek"/>
thumb|left|The ORUD traffic guard in Moscow, 3 November 1945. [[File:Хабаровск сентябрь 2012 Москвич ОРУД.JPG|thumb|Moskvitch 400-420 painted in the ORUD colours.]] By 1931 the number of ORUD employees increased to 500.<ref name="greytek"/> On 20 March 1932 the Council of People's Commissars released a statement "About the Centralized Accounting of the Accident Rate and Local Transport Accidents". Since then, the road accident statistics was officially calculated.<ref name="avtoportal"/> The same year the first traffic lights and a position of a traffic guard were introduced in Moscow.<ref name="vokrugsveta"/><ref name="greytek"/> The first highway patrol was formed in March 1933 and it consisted of 50 people.<ref name="greytek"/>
In 1936 the State Automobile Inspectorate, also known as GAI, was established. Among its responsibilities were the prevention of car theft, the recovery of stolen vehicles, calculation of transport properties, supervision over the drivers training, and calculating the overall numbers of motor vehicles.<ref name="vokrugsveta"/> In 1961 ORUD was merged with GAI.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Iskrina|first1=N. A.|last2=Khrapov|first2=I. S.|title=GAI: 60 years|year=1996|publisher=The Joint Editorial Office of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs|location=Moscow|language=Russian}}</ref> The joint agency was called '''RUD-GAI''' ({{langx|ru|РУД–ГАИ|links=no|lit="Road Traffic Control–State Automobile Inspectorate"}}), which was later changed to simple "GAI" and in 1998 became the Main Directorate for Road Traffic Safety of Russia.<ref name="vokrugsveta"/><ref name="greytek"/>
== Uniforms == The Road Traffic Control Department officers on the streets, e.g. the traffic guards, had a capital "R" (Cyrillic Р) on the left sleeve.<ref name="greytek"/> In the 1940s the colour of the uniforms was dark blue or white with dark blue trousers, depending on the officer's rank.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://army.armor.kiev.ua/forma-2/milicia-09.php|title=Форма одежды милиции. Часть 8. Milicia-09.PHP}}</ref> Wearing high boots while using motorcycles was obligatory.
As of June 1957 the appearance of the badge was changed to a red-framed dark blue rhombus with a capital "R" in the centre.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vedomstva-uniforma.ru/mil43-58.html | title=Ведомственная геральдика - Главная страница }}</ref>
== References == <references />
== See also == * Department of Motor Vehicles * Militsiya
Category:Law enforcement in the Soviet Union Category:Road law enforcement agencies Category:Government agencies established in 1925