{{Short description|Hebrew cantillation mark}} {{Hebrew cantillation|name_en=Revia|name_he=רְבִ֗יעַ|smbl=֗|smpl=וְהָאָ֗רֶץ}} '''Revia''' ({{langx|he|רְבִיעַ}}, [{{IPA|r<sup>ə</sup>viaʕ}}]) is a cantillation mark commonly found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other biblical texts.
It is commonly explained as being the Aramaic equivalent of Hebrew {{lang|he|rtl=yes|רְבִיעִי}} '''Revi'i''', meaning 'fourth' or 'quarter'.,<ref>{{cite book |last=Buhl |first=Dr. Frants |year=2021 |title=Wilhelm Gesenius' Hebräisches und aramäisches Handwörterbuch |trans-title=Hebrew and Aram concise dictionary by Wilhelm Gesenius |language=de |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin / Heidelberg |edition=17 |isbn=978-3-642-94264-8 |page=742}}</ref> and for that reason is sometimes called '''Revi'i'''. However, this is probably a folk etymology: the more likely meaning in Aramaic is "crouching" or "lying", referring to its position vertically above the word.<ref>Lier, Gudrun, "The Revia in the Context of Decoding Masoretic Accents", Journal of Semitics, 2011, Vol 21/1, pp. 28-51.</ref>
Revia is considered to have medium strength. It is stronger than a Pashta or Tevir, but weaker than a Zakef or Tifcha.<ref>Chanting the Hebrew Bible By Joshua R. Jacobson, page 102</ref> The Revia replaces the Pashta when a stronger stop is needed, especially when there are too many<ref>More than two</ref> pashta in a row. However, the last stop before the Zakef always remain a Pashta. Revia's disjunctives are Munach Legarmeh and Geresh (replaced by Gershayim when it is not preceded by a Kadma and oxytonic).
Its conjunctives are Munach and Darga. The closest conjunctive is always a Munach, the second one, a Darga, the third one a Munach etc.<ref>However, the longest series we can found is אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְֽשָׁרְת֧וּ עָלָ֣יו בָּהֶ֗ם [https://www.sefaria.org/Numbers.4.14?lang=he&with=all&lang2=he Numbers 4:14]</ref>
Based on its translation as ''fourth'', in printed texts it is represented by a diamond-shaped mark. However in manuscripts it is just a dot.<ref>The Art of Cantillation, Volume 2: A Step-By-Step Guide to Chanting Haftarot ... By Marshall Portnoy, Josée Wolff, page 43</ref>
==Total occurrences== {| class="wikitable" !'''Book''' !Number of appearances |- |Torah |2430<ref name=Price6>Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 6</ref> |- | Genesis |610<ref name=Price6/> |- | Exodus |504<ref name=Price6/> |- | Leviticus |312<ref name=Price6/> |- | Numbers |497<ref name=Price6/> |- | Deuteronomy |507<ref name=Price6/> |- |Nevi'im |2239<ref name=Price5>Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 5</ref> |- |Ketuvim |1672<ref name=Price5/> |}
==Melody== The Rivia is read in a slow, downward tone, with a pause in the middle breaking upward. File:Rivia.jpg
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Torah reading}}
Category:Cantillation marks
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