{{Short description|Irish army officer (1662–1736)}} {{EngvarB|date=June 2025}} {{For|the British colonial administrator in the 1920s|Richard Rutledge Kane}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}} {{Infobox military person | name = Richard Kane | image = Richard Kane.jpg | caption = | birth_date = 20 December 1662 | death_date = 19 December 1736 | burial_label = | burial_place = | birth_place = [[Duneane]], [[County Antrim]] | death_place = [[Mahon]], [[Minorca]] | burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --> | nickname = | allegiance = [[Williamite]]s <br /> [[Kingdom of England|England]] <br /> [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] | branch = [[Army of the North (Ireland)|Army of the North]] <br /> [[English Army]] <br /> [[British Army]] | service_years = 1688{{ndash}}1736 | rank = [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier-general]] (British Army) | unit = [[Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)|Earl of Meath's Regiment of Foot]] | commands = [[Royal Norfolk Regiment|Richard Kanes's Regiment of Foot]] | battles = {{tree list}} * [[Williamite War in Ireland]] ** [[Siege of Derry]] ** [[Battle of the Boyne]] ** [[Siege of Limerick (1690)]] * [[Nine Years' War]] ** [[Siege of Namur (1695)]] * [[War of the Spanish Succession]] ** [[Battle of Blenheim]] * [[Queen Anne's War]] ** [[Quebec expedition (1711)]] * [[Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729)]] ** [[Thirteenth siege of Gibraltar]] {{tree list/end}} | awards = | relations = }}
[[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier-General]] '''Richard Kane''' (born '''Richard O'Cahan'''; 20 December 1662 – 19 December 1736) was an Irish army officer who served as the acting [[governor of Gibraltar]] from 1725 to 1727. He also served as the [[governor of Menorca]] from 1733 to 1736, having been its lieutenant governor since 1712.
==Origins==
Richard O'Cahan was born to Thomas [[O'Cahan]] and his wife, Margaret Dobbin, at his mother's home in [[Duneane]], [[County Antrim]] on 20 December 1662. In 1688, he anglicised his name to Kane and joined a volunteer Protestant regiment in his home town, [[Carrickfergus]], raised to oppose [[James II of England|James II]]'s Catholic rule.
==Nine Years' War and War of the Spanish Succession==
Kane was commissioned as a lieutenant into the [[Antrim Volunteers]], a unit of the [[Army of the North (Ireland)|Army of the North]], a force of [[Williamite]] Protestants raised to oppose the [[Irish Army (1661–1801)|Irish Army]] which was loyal to James II. Kane took part in resisting the [[siege of Derry]] in 1689. Shortly afterwards, he joined the [[Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922)|Earl of Meath's Regiment of Foot]] and fought in the [[Williamite War in Ireland]]. He was present at the [[Battle of the Boyne]] and [[Siege of Limerick (1690)|siege of Limerick]] in 1690.
His regiment was singled out in recognition of its bravery during the [[Siege of Namur (1695)|siege of Namur]] at which he was wounded. In 1702, William died and the [[Duke of Marlborough]] took command of the army. Kane fought under Marlborough in several battles of the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] and was severely wounded at the [[Battle of Blenheim]]. In December 1710, [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] named him colonel of his own regiment of foot (formerly the regiment of the disgraced [[George Macartney (British Army officer)|George Macartney]]), which was finally disbanded in 1717.
In 1711, Kane sailed to Canada in an [[Quebec expedition (1711)|unsuccessful expedition]] under General [[John Hill (courtier)|John Hill]] to take [[Quebec]] from the French. During the expedition, he visited [[Boston]]. In the following year, Kane commanded a British force which captured [[Dunkirk]], an occupation that ended disastrously when an epidemic killed half of his men.
==Menorca and Gibraltar==
In the summer of 1712, Queen Anne signed orders for the [[John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll|Duke of Argyll]] to proceed to the Spanish island of [[Menorca]] as its Governor. Menorca had been captured by the British in 1708 and under the terms of the peace treaty then being negotiated, the island would remain in British hands. Argyll remained titular governor for the next three years, but the work was really for Richard Kane, the lieutenant governor. He arrived 10 November 1712 and remained on the island, apart from a few absences, until his death twenty four years later.
In Menorca, against the interference of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and always short of funds, Kane reformed the legal system, drew up a new constitution, built a road connecting the old Spanish capital, [[Ciutadella de Menorca|Ciudadela]], with [[Mahón]], the new capital, and improved trade by making Mahon a free port. He introduced new agricultural methods and imported new varieties of cereal, new breeds of cattle and drought-resistant clover to feed them.<ref name="Thurston1979">{{cite book|last=Thurston|first=Hazel|title=The Balearics: Majorca, Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera|year=1979|publisher=Jonathan Cape|location=London|isbn=0-224-01645-8|page=58}}</ref>
In 1720–1721, he was appointed to take command of the garrison in Gibraltar when it was threatened by Spain and, in 1725, [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] ordered Kane to Gibraltar again to strengthen the defences and ward off Spanish invaders. This he did, at the same time recommending a civil government for [[Gibraltar|"the Rock"]]. George I rewarded him in 1725 for his work by giving him the colonelcy of [[Royal Norfolk Regiment|his own regiment]]. Kane returned to Menorca in February 1727, just before the Spanish launched [[Thirteenth siege of Gibraltar|an unsuccessful siege on Gibraltar]].
He was formally appointed Governor of Menorca in 1733<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=7205 |date=16 June 1733 |page=1 }}</ref> and given the rank of brigadier general in 1735. He was not knighted. Richard Kane died in Mahon on 19 December 1736 after almost twenty five years of devoted service on the island. He was buried in the chapel of St. Philip's Castle which was later bombed by the Spanish. A bust by J. M. Ruysback with a Latin inscription listing his many achievements is in [[Westminster Abbey]]. Although an excellent soldier, Kane is best remembered as a colonial administrator devoted to the people in his care.<ref>{{cite ODNB|last=Laurie|first=Bruce|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|year=2008|location=Oxford, England|chapter=Richard Kane|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/15182|quote=...it is on his governance of Menorca during a period of almost 25 years that his place in history depends. He was a colonial governor truly devoted to the people he administered. }}</ref>
==Memorial at Westminster Abbey== [[File:Memorial to Richard Kane, Westminster Abbey 03.jpg|thumb|upright|Monument to Kane in Westminster Abbey]]
In the west aisle of the north transept in Westminster Abbey is a memorial to Kane by the sculptor [[John Michael Rysbrack]]. It consists of a monument in white, grey and black marbles with a bust in armour with shoulder length hair on a pedestal. The Latin inscription can be translated:
{{blockquote|Sacred to the memory of Richard Kane laid to rest at the citadel of the Balearic island of Menorca named for Saint Philip, who was born on December 20, 1666, at Duneane in County Antrim. In 1689, he served his military apprenticeship in the famous siege of Derry, whereafter, under William III of blessed memory, he continued in armed service both at home, until the subjugation of all Ireland, and abroad, in Flanders, at great risk of life, not least by reason of a grave wound received at the siege of Namur. In 1702, when war broke out afresh in the reign of Queen Anne, again he campaigned in Belgium before joining the expedition to Canada. In 1712, under the renowned Duke of Argyll and Greenwich, and later under Baron Carpenter, he acted as civil governor of Menorca where, capably undertaking all tasks, both civil and military, and in command of army and navy alike, he planned, ordered and maintained everything that was necessary, expedient or beneficial for the preservation of the island, in war and in peace, on sea and on land, and also had paved, fortified and adorned a truly royal road throughout the length of an island hitherto impassable. In 1720, at the behest of George I, he crossed from Mahon to Gibraltar and thwarted an attack by the Spaniards who planned to take it by surprise. In 1725, he returned to the same scene of action for eighteen months and, when the enemy laid the Peninsula under heavy siege, quashed their every hope of taking it. After this sequence of sterling achievements as Lieutenant Governor in 1733 at the command of George II neither by his own seeking nor with prior knowledge, as with his other offices wheresoever held, he was elevated to the supreme command in Menorca. But oh, oh, how uncertain is the life of man! He who under four sovereigns had borne arms with the greatest shrewdness, courage and dignity, who had served God with all his heart and played the role not less of a Christian than of a good soldier, of pure faith and old-fashioned courtesy, dear to his friends, amiable to his associates, affable to his people, kind and generous to all, and in all things concerned more for the public good than for his own, left an island that was both British and Spanish sadly mourning his loss and in his seventy sixth year on December 19, 1736, breathed his last.}}
==Bibliography== He left a ''Narrative of All the Campaigns of King William and the Duke of Marlborough'' and wrote ''A New System of Military Discipline for Foot on Action''<ref>{{cite book|last=Kane|first=Richard|title=Campaigns of King William and Queen Anne : from 1689, to 1712 : Also, a new system of military discipline, for a battalion of foot on action|year=1745|publisher=J. Milan|location=London|oclc=220661928|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XnABAAAAQAAJ&q=%22A+New+System+of+Military+Discipline%22+kane&pg=PP7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bonaventura.co.uk/discipline.html|title=Text of "A New System of Military Discipline for a Battalion of Foot on Action" in Word format}}</ref> which became the British army's "bible" at the time.
==References== {{reflist}} *{{cite book |last= Sloss |first= Janet |author-link= Janet Sloss |title= Richard Kane, Governor of Minorca |year= 1995 |url= http://www.bonaventura.co.uk/ |access-date= 2007-12-25 |publisher= The Bonaventura Press |location= England |isbn= 0-9508153-6-5 }}
{{s-start}} {{s-gov}} {{succession box | before=[[George Carpenter, 1st Baron Carpenter]] | title=[[Governor of Menorca]] | years=1733–1736| after=[[Algernon Seymour, Earl of Hertford|Earl of Hertford]]}} {{succession box | before=[[David Colyear, 1st Earl of Portmore|Earl of Portmore]] | title=[[Governor of Gibraltar]] | years=1725–1727 | after=[[Jasper Clayton]] }} |- {{s-mil}} {{succession box | before=James Otway | title=Colonel of [[Royal Norfolk Regiment|Richard Kanes's Regiment of Foot]] | years=1725–1737 | after=[[William Hargrave]]}} |- {{s-end}} {{Governors of Gibraltar}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kane, Richard}} [[Category:1662 births]] [[Category:1736 deaths]] [[Category:Governors of Gibraltar]] [[Category:British Army brigadier-generals]] [[Category:People from Carrickfergus]] [[Category:British military personnel of the War of the Spanish Succession]] [[Category:Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922) officers]] [[Category:British military personnel of the Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729)]] [[Category:Irish colonial officials]] [[Category:Military personnel from County Antrim]]