{{short description|American politician}} {{BLP sources|date=December 2009}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2011}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Richard Caliguiri | image = RichardCaliguriStatue.jpg | caption = The commemorative statue by Robert Berks. | order = 55th Mayor of Pittsburgh | term_start = April 11, 1977<ref>{{cite news|last=Warner|first=David|title=Pete Out in Mayor Switch|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=April 11, 1977|page=A-1|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=w2QqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z1cEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4868%2C3858595 }}</ref> | term_end = May 6, 1988 | predecessor = Peter Flaherty | successor = Sophie Masloff | office2 = President of the Pittsburgh City Council | term_start2 = March 14, 1977<ref name=PresElect>{{cite news|last=Warner|first=David|title=Caliguiri Favored As New Council Head|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UxohAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HlcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6353,340138|page=A-2|access-date=January 1, 2012|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=February 17, 1977}}</ref> | term_end2 = April 11, 1977 | predecessor2 = Louis Mason | successor2 = Eugene "Jeep" DePasquale | office3 = Member of the Pittsburgh City Council | term_start3 = December 21, 1970 | term_end3 = April 11, 1977 | predecessor3 = J. Craig Kuhn | successor3 = Michelle Madoff | birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|10|20|mf=y}} | birth_place = Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|1988|5|6|1931|10|20|mf=y}} | death_place = Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. | constituency = | party = Democratic | spouse = Jeanne Caligiuri | children = 2 | profession = City Parks Director; City Council President | signature = | footnotes = }}
'''Richard S. Caliguiri''' (October 20, 1931 – May 6, 1988) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1977 until his death in 1988.
==Early career== Caliguiri was of Italian Arbëresh ancestry,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://popularpittsburgh.com/pittsburghitalian/|title=Italian Heritage - Popular Pittsburgh|date=February 11, 2015|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> and grew up in the City of Pittsburgh's Greenfield neighborhood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/neighborhoods-city/2006/09/07/O-Connor-tribute-to-be-reminiscent-of-Caliguiri-s/stories/200609070392|title=O'Connor tribute to be reminiscent of Caliguiri's|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> He started his public service career in the CitiParks department of Pittsburgh, later running for the city council in the early 1970s. Caliguiri first ran for mayor as a longshot in 1973, but lost the Democratic primary to popular incumbent mayor Peter Flaherty; Flaherty was so popular that, for the first time in city, history no candidate opposed him in the general election. In his position as President of the Pittsburgh City Council, Caliguiri was appointed interim Mayor in 1977 after Flaherty was appointed Deputy Attorney General in President Jimmy Carter's administration. Caliguiri's departure from the city council necessitated the 1978 special election which allowed independent Democrat Michelle Madoff her seat.
==Mayor of Pittsburgh== Caliguiri won the mayor's office substantively in an election later in 1977, and was re-elected twice, serving until his death in 1988. Under Caliguiri's leadership, Pittsburgh began its "Renaissance II" plan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19800311&id=wxshAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SFwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3182,5362908&hl=en |title=Progress building in city's renaissance II |last=Nilsson |first=David |date=March 11, 1980 |work=The Pittsburgh Press |via=Google News Archive |access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> an urban renewal and revitalization plan based on the "Renaissance" plan of former mayor and governor David L. Lawrence. The plan was generally considered a success (especially with the city's skyline)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19820223&id=JNtaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=km0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6920,5198904&hl=en |title=After famine, an office space glut? |date=February 23, 1982 |via=Google News Archive |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> but was hampered by a sharp and permanent downturn in the city's economy and resulting population shifts.
During Caliguiri's tenure, Pittsburgh's economy began a marked downturn during the deindustrialization of the 1980s, with the decline of the large steel producers such as U.S. Steel and Jones and Laughlin. Long time industrial giants which had Pittsburgh headquarters such as Gulf Oil and Koppers were both victims of the 1980s arbitrage and hostile takeover climate. Gulf was absorbed by Chevron and Koppers by British firm Beazer, both resulting in the region losing several thousand high salaried corporate headquarter jobs. The period was also marked by Pittsburgh-based Westinghouse's run up to bankruptcy and reorganization in 1990<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/westinghouse/chapter5.asp|title=Who Killed Westinghouse? - Chapter 5: Coming Apart at the Seams |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> (later to become CBS and move to New York) and Rockwell International's move to California and eventually Wisconsin. By the end of Caliguiri's time in office, not a single major steel mill operated in a city once known as the "Steel City", and the city that once boasted more Fortune 500 corporate headquarters than any other US city save for New York and Chicago, had fewer than ten.
In 1986, in response to some citizen complaints and legal action by the ACLU concerning Christmas and Hanukkah displays on government properties, the city, by order of Mayor Caliguiri, placed a plaque entitled "Salute to Liberty" and reading, "During this holiday season, the city of Pittsburgh salutes liberty. Let these festive lights remind us that we are the keepers of the flame of liberty and our legacy of freedom." Three years later, by two 5–4 decisions, the United States Supreme Court upheld in part and denied in part the city's position in ''County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union''.
==Illness and death== In the late 1980s, Caliguiri was diagnosed with amyloidosis, a rare and serious protein disorder. Coincidentally, within a few years in the mid to late 1980s, three of Pennsylvania's most prominent political leaders were afflicted with the disorder. Caliguiri as well as longtime Erie Mayor Louis Tullio and Pennsylvania Governor Bob Casey were all diagnosed with the incurable and usually fatal disease.
Caliguiri refused to allow his declining health to affect his leadership and did not step down as mayor. He died in 1988 at the age of 56, and was interred in Pittsburgh's Roman Catholic Calvary Cemetery.
==Honors== In October 1990, a commemorative statue of Caliguiri sculpted by Robert Berks was dedicated on the steps of the Downtown Pittsburgh City-County Building on Grant Street. According to Caliguiri's son David, previous ideas had included a renaming of Grant Street and the Pittsburgh Civic (later Mellon) Arena.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=F4w1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=6LQFAAAAIBAJ&dq=pittsburgh+tower&pg=3051,3515341|title=Beaver County Times - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> Caliguiri, who graduated from Taylor Allderdice High School in 1950, was inducted into their alumni hall of fame in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pittsburgh Allderdice Hall of Fame Ceremony is next week|url=http://php.pghboe.net/news/index.php/2010/10/21/pittsburgh-allderdice-hall-of-fame-ceremony-is-next-week/|publisher=Pittsburgh Public Schools|access-date=July 18, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130222014428/http://php.pghboe.net/news/index.php/2010/10/21/pittsburgh-allderdice-hall-of-fame-ceremony-is-next-week/|archive-date=February 22, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
==Film career== Caliguiri is spotlighted in a cameo playing himself in the sport/cult classic ''The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh'' in 1979. Near the middle of the film he is seen on the extreme right introducing to a cheering crowd the city's basketball team at an indoor rally. He slips off camera for a few seconds and then is seen again patting them on the back and shaking hands with the actors and coach, before he extends across the crowd to shake Julius Erving's hand (one of the "actors" on the team) and is met warmly by a surprised Dr. J.
On May 18, 1987, Caliguiri was a guest on a national broadcast of ''The Today Show'' as it filmed in Pittsburgh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tstRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6m0DAAAAIBAJ&dq=today+show+pittsburgh&pg=6494,5595147|title=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref>
==Electoral history== * '''1977 Race for Pittsburgh Mayor''' ** Richard Caliguiri (I), 48% ** Thomas Foerster (D), 44% ** Joseph Cosetti (R), 9% * '''1981 Race for Pittsburgh Mayor''' ** Richard Caliguiri (D), 80% ** Fred Goehringer (R), 18% * '''1985 Race for Pittsburgh Mayor''' ** Richard Caliguiri (D), 77% ** Henry Sneath (R), 22%
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== *[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oIBIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rW0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3992%2C365828 Mayor's open letter to citizens declaring himself for re-election in 1981].
{{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{Succession box | before = Peter Flaherty | title = Mayor of Pittsburgh<sup>1</sup> | years = 1977–1988 | after = Sophie Masloff }} {{s-civ|Pittsburgh City Council}} {{Succession box|before=Louis Mason |title=President of the Pittsburgh City Council |years=1977 |after= Eugene "Jeep" DePasquale }} {{Succession box|before= J. Craig Kuhn |title=Member of the Pittsburgh City Council |years=1970–1977 |after= Michelle Madoff }} {{S-ref|Interim Mayor from 1977 to 1978}} {{Mayors of Pittsburgh}} {{Pittsburgh}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Caliguiri, Richard}} Category:1931 births Category:1988 deaths Category:American people of Italian descent Category:Burials at Calvary Catholic Cemetery (Pittsburgh) Category:Deaths from amyloidosis Category:Mayors of Pittsburgh Category:Pittsburgh City Council members Category:Taylor Allderdice High School alumni Category:20th-century Pennsylvania politicians Category:Catholic politicians from Pennsylvania