Richard C. Mulligan

{{Infobox scientist | honorific_prefix = | name = Richard C. Mulligan | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image =  | image_size = | image_upright = | landscape =  | alt = | caption = | birth_name =  | birth_date =  | birth_place = | death_date =  | death_place = | death_cause =  | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates =  | other_names = | siglum = | pronounce = | citizenship =  | nationality =  | fields = Gene Therapy | workplaces = Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Medical School, Sana Biotechnology | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University | thesis_title =  | thesis_url =  | thesis_year =  | doctoral_advisor = Paul Berg | academic_advisors = Alexander Rich, David Baltimore, Phillip Allen Sharp | doctoral_students = | notable_students = James Wilson (scientist), Constance Cepko, David Sanders (biologist), Roger D. Cone | known_for = Gene Therapy | influences = | influenced = | awards = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse =  | partner =  | children = | parents = | father = | mother = | relatives = | signature =  | signature_type =  | signature_alt = | website =  | footnotes = }}

'''Richard C. Mulligan''' (born 1954) is an American scientist who is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School,<ref name="harvard">{{cite web|url=http://genetics.med.harvard.edu/faculty/mulligan|title=Richard C. Mulligan, Ph.D. | HMS Department of Genetics|date=May 2016 |publisher=genetics.med.harvard.edu|accessdate=2016-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hms.harvard.edu/dms/bbs/fac/mulligan.html|title = Harvard BBS PHD Program}}</ref><ref name="harvard2">{{cite web|url=http://www.dfhcc.harvard.edu/membership/profile/member/689/0/|title=Richard C. Mulligan, Ph.D. - DF/HCC|publisher=dfhcc.harvard.edu|accessdate=2016-06-21|archive-date=2015-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531065404/http://www.dfhcc.harvard.edu/membership/profile/member/689/0/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Director of the Harvard Gene Therapy Initiative and a visiting scientist at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|url=https://people.forbes.com/profile/richard-c-mulligan/43072 |title=Richard C. Mulligan|publisher=people.forbes.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804174929/https://people.forbes.com/profile/richard-c-mulligan/43072 |archivedate=August 4, 2011 |accessdate=2016-06-21}}</ref> He is also the head of SanaX at Sana Biotechnology.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.sana.com/board-member-management/richard-mulligan-phd | title=Richard Mulligan, Ph.D., Head of SanaX | accessdate=Dec 24, 2024}}</ref>

==Research and career== Mulligan started his career in gene therapy as an undergraduate in biology in Alexander Rich's lab at MIT and was involved with early work controlling gene expression using SV40. He would earn his PhD in biochemistry at Stanford University in 1980 working with Paul Berg to develop viral vectors to express human and bacterial genes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mulligan |first1=R. C. |last2=Berg |first2=P. |title=Expression of a Bacterial Gene in Mammalian Cells |journal=Science |date=19 September 1980 |volume=209 |issue=4463 |pages=1422–1427 |doi=10.1126/science.6251549|pmid=6251549 |bibcode=1980Sci...209.1422M }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mulligan |first1=Richard C. |last2=Howard |first2=Bruce H. |last3=Berg |first3=Paul |title=Synthesis of rabbit β-globin in cultured monkey kidney cells following infection with a SV40 β-globin recombinant genome |journal=Nature |date=January 1979 |volume=277 |issue=5692 |pages=108–114 |doi=10.1038/277108a0|pmid=215915 |bibcode=1979Natur.277..108M |s2cid=4257109 }}</ref> He would then do his postdoctoral training at the Center for Cancer Research at MIT with David Baltimore and Phillip Sharp. He would join the faculty of molecular biology and was a member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research.<ref name="HGT Biography">{{cite journal |last1=Mulligan |first1=Richard C. |title=Development of Gene Transfer Technology |journal=Human Gene Therapy |date=December 2014 |volume=25 |issue=12 |pages=995–1002 |doi=10.1089/hum.2014.2543|pmid=25513845 }}</ref> During that time, he was a founding member of the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC). In 1996, he joined Children's Hospital and Harvard to become the director of the Harvard Gene Therapy Initiative and an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dickman |first1=S |title=Richard Mulligan: from skeptic to true believer. |journal=Current Biology |date=1 October 1997 |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=R601-2 |doi=10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00308-3 |pmid=9382777|s2cid=9998648 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Mulligan is an active investor as the founding partner and senior managing director of Sarissa Capital Management from 2013 to 2016 along with Alex Denner when they worked together with Carl Icahn.<ref>{{cite news |title=Denner said to start activist health-care hedge fund |url=https://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Denner-said-to-start-activist-health-care-hedge-4425446.php |work=Connecticut Post |date=11 April 2013}}</ref> He would then join Icahn Capital as a portfolio manager in 2017. He serves as Director of Enzon Pharmaceuticals,<ref name="enzon">{{cite web|url=http://www.enzon.com/index.php?id=175|title=Enzon|publisher=enzon.com|accessdate=2016-06-21}}</ref> and Biogen Idec, Inc.<ref name="latimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-jun-04-fi-briefs4.s3-story.html|title=Business Briefing / Biotechnology - latimes|date=4 June 2009 |publisher=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2016-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Writer |first1=GEN Staff |title=Icahn Names Gene Transfer Pioneer as Portfolio Manager |url=https://www.genengnews.com/topics/omics/icahn-names-gene-transfer-pioneer-as-portfolio-manager/ |work=GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News |date=3 March 2017}}</ref>

==Awards== * 1981 MacArthur Fellows Program<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.macfound.org/programs/awards/fellows/results?area=genetics&include_deceased=Include&radio=0|accessdate=Dec 24, 2024 | title=MacArthur Fellows in Genetics}}</ref> * 1983 Searle Scholars Program<ref name="searlescholars">{{cite web|url=https://www.searlescholars.net/people/richard-c-mulligan|title=Searle Scholars Program : Richard C. Mulligan (1983)|publisher=searlescholars.net|accessdate=2016-06-21}}</ref> *1993 ASBMB-Amgen Award<ref name="MIT Tech Talk">{{cite news |title=Mulligan receives new award |url=https://news.mit.edu/1993/mulligan-0602 |work=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology |date=2 June 1993 |language=en}}</ref>

==Works== * Lindemann, D., Patriquin, E., Feng, S. and Mulligan, R.C. 1997 "Versatile retrovirus vector systems for regulated gene expression in vitro and in vivo". ''Molecular Medicine'' 3:466-476. * Goodell, M.A., Rosenzweig, H-.K., Marks, D.G., DeMaria, M., Paradis, G., Grupp, S.A., Sieff, C.A., Mulligan, R.C. and Johnson, R.P. 1997. "Dye efflux studies suggest the existence of CD34-negative/low hematopoietic stem cells in multiple species". ''Nature Medicine'' 3:1337–1345. * Mach, N., Lantz, C.S., Galli, S.J., Reznikoff, G., Mihm, M., Small, C., Granstein, R., Beissert, S., Sadelain, M., Mulligan, R.C. and Dranoff, G. 1998. "Involvement of interleukin-3 in delayed-type hypersensitivity". ''Blood'' 92:778-783.

==References== {{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mulligan, Richard C.}} Category:1954 births Category:MacArthur Fellows Category:Harvard Medical School faculty Category:Living people Category:Searle Scholars Program recipients Category:Gene therapy Category:Stanford University School of Medicine alumni Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators