{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} {{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Ri-Bhoi district | settlement_type = [[List of districts of Meghalaya|District]] of [[Meghalaya]] | image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes |frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center |text= '''Ri-Bhoi district''' |type=shape |id=Q1884672 |stroke-colour=#C60C30 |stroke-width=2 |title= Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya |type2=line|id2=Q1195|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Meghalaya }} | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in Meghalaya | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = Nongpoh | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Meghalaya]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = Established | established_date = | seat_type = Headquarters | seat = [[Nongpoh]] | parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]] | parts_style = para | p1 = | area_total_km2 = 2378 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 258,840 | population_footnotes = | population_urban = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] | demographics1_info1 = 77.22% | demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio | demographics1_info2 = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]] | leader_name2 = 4 | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +05:30 | registration_plate = | blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 40 (India)|NH-40]] | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | website = {{URL|https://ribhoi.gov.in/}} }}
'''Ri-Bhoi district''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|r|ɪ|_|ˈ|b|ɔɪ}}) is an administrative [[district]] in the state of [[Meghalaya]] in [[India]]. The district headquarters are located at [[Nongpoh]]. The district occupies an area of 2378 km<sup>2</sup> and has a population of 258,840 (as of 2011). As of 2011 it is the second least populous district of Meghalaya (out of [[Districts of Meghalaya|7]]), after [[South Garo Hills district|South Garo Hills]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = https://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>
==Etymology== The name is derived from the [[Khasi people#Geographical distribution and sub-groups|Bhoi sub-tribe]] of the Khasi people.<ref name="RiBhoiHistory">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2024 |title=Ri Bhoi District > History & Culture |url=https://ribhoi.gov.in/history-culture/ |access-date=7 November 2024 |website=[[Government of Meghalaya|Ri Bhoi District, Government of Meghalaya]]}}</ref>
==History== The district was upgraded from subdivisional level to a full-fledged district on 4 June 1992. The new district, was created from a Civil Sub-division of the [[East Khasi Hills district]].<ref name="RiBhoiHistory"/>
==Geography== The district lies between 90°55' 15 to 91°16' latitude and 25°40' to 25°21' longitude. It is bounded on the north by [[Kamrup Rural district|Kamrup]] District, on the east by [[Jaintia Hills]] and [[Karbi Anglong]] District of [[Assam]], and on the west by [[West Khasi Hills]] District. There are three C and RD Blocks and one administrative unit at [[Patharkhmah]], and the number of villages is 561. Ri Bhoi District covers an area of {{Convert|2,448|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="RiBhoiHistory"/>
The headquarters of the District is at Nongpoh located {{Convert|53|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the state capital [[Shillong]] and {{Convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Guwahati]] in Assam.<ref name="RiBhoiReach">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2024 |title=Tourism > How to Reach |url=https://ribhoi.gov.in/how-to-reach/ |access-date=7 November 2024 |website=[[Government of Meghalaya|Ri Bhoi District, Government of Meghalaya]]}}</ref>
The District is characterized by rugged and irregular land surface. It includes a series of hill ranges which gradually slope towards the north and finally join the Brahmaputra Valley. The important rivers flowing through this region includes the [[Umtrew]], [[Umsiang]], [[Umran (river)|Umran]] and [[Umiam]] rivers.{{Cn|date=May 2024}}
===Flora and fauna=== In 1981 Ri-Bhoi district became home to the [[Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|29|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Meghalaya|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|accessdate=25 September 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|archivedate=23 August 2011}}</ref>
==Economy== [[File:House Areca Paddy Jirang Ri-Bhoi Oct24 A7CR 04379.jpg|thumb|Paddy and areca palms near Jirang]] In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Ri-Bhoi one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the three districts in Meghalaya currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|accessdate=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archivedate=5 April 2012}}</ref>
==Administration== ===Administrative divisions=== Ri-Bhoi district is divided into three blocks:<ref>{{cite map |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |title=Meghalaya Administrative Divisions |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/administrative_maps/MEGHALAYA.pdf |trans-title=|language=English |format=PDF |edition= |year=2011 |cartography= |scale= |series= |page= |section= |inset= |accessdate=2011-09-29 |isbn= |id= |ref= }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" width=65% style="border:1px solid black" |- bgcolor=#99ccff | width="10%" | '''Name''' | width="20%" | '''Headquarters''' | width="20%" | '''Population''' | width="10%" | '''Location''' |- bgcolor=#F4F9FF | Jirang|| Wahsynon|| || [[File:Ri-Bhoi Subdivisions Jirang.png|120px|center]] |- bgcolor=#F4F9FF | [[Umling]]|| [[Nongpoh]]|| || [[File:Ri-Bhoi Subdivisions Umling.png|120px|center]] |- bgcolor=#F4F9FF | Umsning|| Umsning|| || [[File:Ri-Bhoi Subdivisions Umsning.png|120px|center]] |}
==Transport== [[File:South SH3 Jirang Ri-Bhoi Meghalaya Oct24 A7CR 04373.jpg|thumb|State Highway 3 near Jirang]] The region is the best in connectivity in the whole state having the only airport at Umroi, the Four-lane from Jorobat to Lad-Umroi and the Shillong Bye-pass in Umroi-Bhoirymbong area to Mawryngkneng of East Khasi Hills and the District is the main connectivity to Assam, Mizoram, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland and other stations of Meghalaya. The National Highway No.37 origination from [[Jorabat]] to Shillong passes through the District.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
==Demographics== [[File:Umbir Presbyterian Church.jpg|thumb|Presbyterian Church at Umbir]]
===Population=== According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Ri-Bhoi district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 258,840,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Vanuatu]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote = Vanuatu 224,564 July 2011 est. }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 580th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 109 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 34.02%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Ri Bhoi has a [[sex ratio]] of 951 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 77.22%. Scheduled Tribes make up 88.89% of the population.<ref name=districtcensus/>
=== Religion === {{Bar box |float=left |title=Religion in Ri-Bhoi district (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Meghalaya|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW17C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> |titlebar=#Fcd116 |left1='''Religions''' |bars= {{bar percent|[[Christianity in Meghalaya|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|84.42}} {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Meghalaya|Hinduism]]|darkorange|11.96}} {{bar percent|[[Tribal religions in India|Tribal religion]]|chartreuse|2.44}} {{bar percent|[[Muslims|Islam]]|green|0.71}} {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.47}} }}
===Languages=== {{Pie chart | thumb = right | caption = Languages of Ri-Bhoi district (2011) <ref name="Census2011">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html|title=C-16: Population by Mother Tongue|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|last=ORGI|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=10 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815035759/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html|archive-date=15 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | label1 = [[Khasi language|Khasi]] | value1 = 67.96 | color1 = darkblue | label2 = [[Garo language|Garo]] | value2 = 5.74 | color2 = limegreen | label3 = [[Karbi language|Karbi]] | value3 = 5.10 | color3 = springgreen | label4 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] | value4 = 4.06 | color4 = sienna | label5 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] | value5 = 3.08 | color5 = salmon | label6 = [[Hindi]] | value6 = 1.56 | color6 = orange | label7 = Others | value7 =12.50 | color7 = Gray }}
Khasi is the main language of the area. The main dialect spoken in Ri-Bhoi is Karow which is spoken in Nongpoh and its surrounding localities and the other native spoken dialects are Iapngar in Ri Bhoi and Mihngi, Nongtung in Far Eastern Ri Bhoi, Mynar in Far Western Ri Bhoi and Jirang area. It is more popularly known to other people as the Bhoi language. Languages used in the district include [[Amri language|Amri]], a [[Tibeto-Burman]] language related with [[Karbi language|Karbi]], with 125 000 speakers and [[Tiwa people (Lalung)#Plains Tiwas|Tiwa]] spoken by around 2,000 Tiwas. There are number of tribes which exist in Ri-Bhoi like Marngars and Mikirs.<ref name="ethnoamri">{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Amri Karbi: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ajz | accessdate = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
== External links == * [https://ribhoi.gov.in/ Ri Bhoi district website]
{{Geographic location |Centre = Ri-Bhoi district |North = [[Morigaon district]], [[Assam]] |Northeast = |East = [[Karbi Anglong district]], [[Assam]] |Southeast = [[Jaintia Hills]] |South = [[East Khasi Hills]] |Southwest = [[West Khasi Hills]] |West = [[Darrang District]], [[Assam]] |Northwest = }}
{{Meghalaya}}
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[[Category:Ri-Bhoi district| ]] [[Category:1992 establishments in Meghalaya]] [[Category:Districts of Meghalaya]] [[Category:Autonomous administrative divisions of India]]