{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} {{Speciesbox |image = Rhodophiala bifida (pink form).jpg |image_caption = ''Zephyranthes bifida'' flower |genus = Zephyranthes <!--|parent=Zephyranthes subg. Neorhodophiala--> |species = bifida |authority = (Herb.) Nic.García & Meerow<ref name = "Flora e Funga do Brasil" /> |synonyms_ref = <ref name = "POWO" /> |synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true |''Amaryllis bifida'' (Herb.) Spreng. |''Habranthus bifidus'' Herb. |''Hippeastrum bifidum'' (Herb.) Baker |''Myostemma bifida'' (Herb.) Ravenna |''Rhodophiala bifida'' (Herb.) Traub |''Amaryllis angusta'' (Herb.) Schult. & Schult.f. |''Amaryllis bifida'' var. ''pulchra'' (Herb.) Traub & Moldenke |''Amaryllis bifida'' var. ''spathacea'' (Herb.) Traub & Moldenke |''Amaryllis bonariensis'' (Kuntze) Traub & Uphof |''Amaryllis granatiflora'' (E.Holmb.) Traub & Uphof |''Amaryllis intermedia'' Lindl. |''Amaryllis kermesiana'' var. ''nemoralis'' (Herb.) Seub. |''Amaryllis kermesina'' Lindl. |''Amaryllis lorifolia'' (Herb.) Steud. |''Amaryllis platensis'' (E.Holmb.) Traub & Uphof |''Amaryllis pulchra'' (Herb.) Traub & Uphof |''Habranthus angustus'' Herb. |''Habranthus bifidus'' var. ''litoralis'' Herb. |''Habranthus intermedius'' Herb. |''Habranthus kermesinus'' (Lindl.) Herb. |''Habranthus litoralis'' (Herb.) M.Roem. |''Habranthus lorifolius'' Herb. |''Habranthus nemoralis'' Herb. |''Habranthus nobilis'' Herb. |''Habranthus pulcher'' Herb. |''Habranthus spathaceus'' Herb. |''Habranthus spathaceus'' var. ''angustus'' (Herb.) Herb. |''Hippeastrum bifidum'' var. ''spathaceum'' (Herb.) H.E.Moore |''Hippeastrum bonariense'' Kuntze |''Hippeastrum granatiflorum'' E.Holmb. |''Hippeastrum kermesinum'' (Lindl.) Herter |''Hippeastrum nemorale'' (Herb.) Herter |''Hippeastrum platense'' E.Holmb. |''Hippeastrum platense'' var. ''angustum'' (Herb.) E.Holmb. |''Hippeastrum pulchrum'' (Herb.) E.Holmb. |''Myostemma bifida'' f. ''granatiflora'' (E.Holmb.) Ravenna |''Phycella bonariensis'' (Kuntze) Traub |''Phycella granatiflora'' (E.Holmb.) Traub |''Rhodophiala bifida'' subsp. ''aemantha'' Ravenna |''Rhodophiala bifida'' subsp. ''granatiflora'' (E.Holmb.) Ravenna |''Rhodophiala bifida'' var. ''pulchra'' (Herb.) Traub |''Rhodophiala bifida'' subsp. ''purpurea'' Ravenna |''Rhodophiala bifida'' var. ''spathacea'' (Herb.) Traub |''Rhodophiala spathacea'' (Herb.) Traub }} }}
'''''Zephyranthes bifida''''', formerly '''''Rhodophiala bifida'''''<ref name="Grant">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Greg |chapter=A Garden in a Wilderness: German Influence |editor-last1=Welch |editor-first1=William C. |editor-last2=Grant |editor-first2=Greg |date=2011 |title=Heirloom Gardening in the South: Yesterday's Plants for Today's Gardens |publication-place=College Station, Texas |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=978-1-60344-213-8 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_6nQ681qy-4C&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PP1&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false 44]}}</ref> and commonly the '''oxblood lily'''<ref name="Grant"/> or '''schoolhouse lily''',<ref name="Welch">{{cite book |last1=Welch |first1=William C. |chapter=Naturalizing Daffodils and Other Southern Bulbs |editor-last1=Welch |editor-first1=William C. |editor-last2=Grant |editor-first2=Greg |date=2011 |title=Heirloom Gardening in the South: Yesterday's Plants for Today's Gardens |publication-place=College Station, Texas |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=978-1-60344-213-8 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_6nQ681qy-4C&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&lpg=PP1&pg=PA100#v=onepage&q&f=false 100]}}</ref> is a species of bulbous,<ref name = "García et al., 2019" /> terrestrial herb<ref name = "Flora e Funga do Brasil" /> in the family Amaryllidaceae native to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay.<ref name = "POWO" /> it is cultivated in the Southern United States as an ornamental plant for its pink to red flowers.
==Description== {{Research paper|section|date=October 2025}} ===Vegetative characteristics=== ''Zephyranthes bifida'' is a 15–40 cm tall, bulbous,<ref name = "García et al., 2019" /> terrestrial herb<ref name = "Flora e Funga do Brasil">Dutilh, J. H. A., Campos-Rocha, A., Garcia, N., Streher, N. S., Semir, J., Meerow, A. W., Giussani, L. M., Oliveira, R. S., Sassone, A. B., & Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. (n.d.). ''Zephyranthes bifida'' (Herb.) Nic. García & Meerow. Flora E Funga Do Brasil. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB611333</ref> with ovoid to globose bulbs and green, linear, 15–30 cm long, and 3–7 mm wide leaves with an obtuse apex.<ref name = "García et al., 2019" /> ===Generative characteristics=== The androecium consists of 6 stamens.<ref name = "Flora e Funga do Brasil" /> The stigma is trifid. The capsule fruit is 1.2–3 cm wide.<ref name = "Enciclopedia Ilustrada">Macaya-Berti, J., Teillier, S., & Serra, M. T. (n.d.). ''Zephyranthes bifida'' (Herb.) - Nic. Garcia & Meerow. Enciclopedia Ilustrada De Las Especies De Plantas Exóticas Que Se Cultivan En Chile. Retrieved February 7, 2025, from http://www.chlorischile.cl/enciclopedia%20macaya/enciclopedia-angiospermas/Amaryllidaceae/rhodophiala%20bifida.htm</ref>
==Cytology== The chromosome count is 2n = 16 or 2n = 18.<ref name = "García et al., 2019" />
==Taxonomy== It was first published as ''Habranthus bifidus'' {{au|Herb.}} by William Herbert in 1825.<ref name = "IPNI a">''Habranthus bifidus'' Herb. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved January 28, 2025, from https://www.ipni.org/n/64596-1</ref> Long known as and still often called ''Rhodophiala bifida'',<ref name="Ruhren"/> it was placed into the genus ''Zephyranthes'' {{au|Herb.}} as ''Zephyranthes bifida'' {{au|(Herb.) Nic.García & Meerow}} by Nicolás García Berguecio and Alan W. Meerow in 2019.<ref name = "POWO">''Zephyranthes bifida'' (Herb.) Nic.García & Meerow. Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77207323-1</ref> It is placed in the monotypic subgenus ''Zephyranthes'' subg. ''Neorhodophiala''.<ref name = "García et al., 2019">García, N., Meerow, A. W., Arroyo‐Leuenberger, S., Oliveira, R. S., Dutilh, J. H., Soltis, P. S., & Judd, W. S. (2019). [https://fundacionphilippi.cl/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Amaryllidaceae-tribu-Hippeastreae.pdf Generic classification of Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae.] Taxon, 68(3), 481-498.</ref>
==Distribution== It is native to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay.<ref name = "POWO" />
==Cultivation== ''Z. bifida'' is found in cultivation.<ref name="Pacific Bulb Society">''Rhodophiala''. (n.d.). Pacific Bulb Society. Retrieved January 28, 2025, from https://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/rhodophiala</ref><ref name = "Alpine Garden Society, 2014">''Rhodophiala bifida'' - plant of the month sept 2014. (2014, September). Alpine Garden Society. Retrieved January 28, 2025, from http://archive.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/plant-portraits/Rhodophiala%20bifida%20plant%20of%20the%20month%20sept%20/98/</ref> In the U.S., plants were first imported from Argentina popularized by a German immigrant to the Texas Hill Country.<ref name="Welch"/> From Texas, they were distributed throughout the South as an heirloom plant.<ref name="Welch"/> The cultivar from Texas, sometimes called 'Hill Country Red',<ref name="Ruhren">{{cite web|first=Doug |last=Ruhren |title= Hill Country Red Perfection |url=https://www.juniperlevelbotanicgarden.org/hill-country-red-perfection/ |website=Juniper Level Botanic Garden website| date=12 September 2024| access-date=25 October 2025}}</ref> typically has dark red flowers (hence the name oxblood lily)<ref name="Pacific Bulb Society"/> with flowers blooming with autumn rains<ref name="Welch"/> before the appearance of leaves.<ref name="Welch"/><ref name="Pacific Bulb Society"/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q89076173|from2=Q6107773|from3=Q93964898}}
bifida Category:Flora of Argentina Category:Flora of Bolivia Category:Flora of Brazil Category:Flora of Uruguay Category:Plants described in 1825
{{Amaryllidaceae-stub}}