{{Short description|Academic research position}} {{Redirect-distinguish|Research fellowship|Fellow#As a financial grant{{!}}Research fellowship (funding)}} {{More citations needed|date=July 2010}}
A '''research fellow''' is an academic [[research]] position at a [[university]] or a similar research institution, usually for [[list of academic ranks|academic staff or faculty members]]. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.
Research [[fellow]] positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
==India== {{Main|Academic ranks in India}}
In India, the position of research fellowship is provided to scholars from various streams like science, arts, literature, management, and others: the government, academics, research institutes, and private companies fund research fellowships. Research fellows research under the supervision of experienced faculty, professors, heads of department, and the Dean on two different posts known as [[Junior Research Fellowship]] (JRF) and senior research fellow (SRF). Research organisations like [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]], [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|CSIR]], [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] recruit research fellows through [[National Eligibility Test]]. After the completion of pre-defined tenure, JRF can be considered for a senior research fellowship based on the research fellow's performance and/or an interview conducted by the committee of the research institute.
==Russian Federation== {{Main|Academic ranks in Russia}}
In the [[Russian Federation]], the position and title research fellow is unknown; however, there is a broadly similar position of ({{langx|ru|Научный сотрудник|italic=yes|links=no}}, {{literal translation|scientific worker}}). This position normally requires a degree of [[Candidate of Sciences]] approximately corresponding to the PhD. More senior positions normally require, in addition to the degree mentioned above, a track record of publications or certified inventions, as well as practical contributions to major research and development projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aup.ru/docs/d2/210.htm|title=Квалификационный справочник: Ведущий научный сотрудник|trans-title=Qualification Requirements for Positions of Managers, Specialists and other Employees|language=ru|website=aup.ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401114149/http://www.aup.ru/docs/d2/210.htm|archive-date=2010-04-01|url-status=live|access-date=2010-05-29 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:1em" |+ Hierarchy of researching positions in the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ras.ru/presidium/documents/directions.aspx?ID=74cc04fa-5b7f-4570-bc32-37097e70f226|title=Постановления Президиума РАН|website=ras.ru|access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref> |- ! Translation (variant) || Original || Russian abbreviation || Scientific degree or job seniority required || Number of publications required |- | junior researcher || младший научный сотрудник || м. н. с. || Candidate of Sciences or 3 years || 1 in 5 years |- | researcher || научный сотрудник || н. с. || Candidate of Sciences or 5 years || 3 in 5 years |- | senior researcher || старший научный сотрудник || с. н. с. || Candidate of Sciences or 10 years || 5 in 5 years |- | leading researcher || ведущий научный сотрудник || в. н. с. || [[Doctor of Sciences]] or Candidate of Sciences (in exceptionary cases) || 7 in 5 years |- | principal researcher || главный научный сотрудник || г. н. с. || Doctor of Sciences || 10 in 5 years |}
==South Africa== {{Main|Academic ranks in South Africa}}
Research fellows in South Africa are considered an asset to research organisations and universities. There are highly ranked universities such as [[University of the Witwatersrand]], [[University of Stellenbosch]] Business School, and [[Rhodes University]] which offer fellowships to South African nationals in certain fields of research.<ref>[http://www.usb.ac.za/Pages/Visiting-research-fellowships.aspx "Research Fellowship in South Africa"]</ref>
==United Kingdom== {{Main|Academic ranks in the United Kingdom}}
In the United Kingdom, a research fellow is a broad category, used to indicate a scholar on a research-oriented professional development track. In many universities, a research fellow is a career grade of a ''Research Career Pathway'', following on from a postdoctoral position such as research associate, and may be open-ended, subject to normal probation regulations. For some universities, research career grades roughly correspond to the grades of the academic pathway in the following way: research fellow (a lower or same grade as a [[lecturer]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/human-resources/policies-advice/academic-careers-framework-and-promotions-processes/academic-promotions-guidance |title=Academic Promotions University College London |date=25 September 2017 | publisher=ucl.ac.uk | access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref> principal research fellow—[[Reader (academic rank)|reader]], whereas senior research fellow is somewhere between a [[lecturer]] and [[senior lecturer]] or [[associate professor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/human-resources/policies-advice/academic-careers-framework-and-promotions-processes/academic-promotions-guidance |title=Academic Promotions University College London |date=25 September 2017 | publisher=ucl.ac.uk |access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref> Some universities, such as Cambridge, restrict Professorial grades only to academics who have excelled in both teaching and research.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hr.admin.cam.ac.uk/hr-staff/information-staff/staff-guide/terms-employment/promotion |title=Promotion levels at Cambridge University|date=30 June 2014 |publisher=hr.admin.cam.ac.uk |access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref> Outside of faculty appointments, the title of "Research Fellow" or "Senior Research Fellows" can be also used as honorary or temporary awarded "fellowships" to distinguished academics by research institutes or colleges, usually from different institutions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asc.ox.ac.uk/categories-fellowship |title=All Souls College Oxford: Categories of Fellowship|publisher=asc.ox.ac.uk |access-date=2018-07-29}}</ref>
===Professorial Fellows=== At [[University College, Oxford]], Professorial Fellows are the holders of Statutory Chairs, the most senior professorships at [[Oxford University|Oxford]]: they are members of the College's Governing Body.<ref>{{cite web |title=College Fellowship |url=https://www.univ.ox.ac.uk/about/college-fellowships/ |website=University College Oxford}}</ref>
===Senior Research Fellows=== Senior Research Fellowships (SRFs) are awarded to researchers with "academic standing comparable to that of a distinguished research professorship at a major university."<ref>{{cite web |title=TRINITY COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE SENIOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS |url=https://fundit.fr/en/calls/trinity-college-cambridge-senior-research-fellowships |website=FundIt}}</ref> They recognize scholars with distinguished research records and publications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Master & Fellows |url=https://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/fellows/master-fellows/ |website=Trinity College Cambridge}}</ref> This position originated in the 15th century as a way of allowing scholars time and funding to pursue independent research without having teaching duties.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=William |title=Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University |date=2008 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago, IL |page=146}}</ref>
As with the professorial fellows, senior research fellows are research-only posts; with the rise of the career grade, there will normally be a formal requirement of a moderate amount of teaching and/or supervision (often at postgraduate level). At [[All Souls College, Oxford]], senior research fellows are 7-year-long positions that are equivalent to a tenured position in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Senior Research Fellowships |url=https://www.asc.ox.ac.uk/senior-research-fellowships |website=All Souls College, Oxford}}</ref> This position is equivalent to a full professorship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Not one of them |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/not-one-of-them/99570.article |website=Times Higher Education}}</ref>
===Junior Research Fellows=== {{Main|Junior Research Fellowships}}
===List of research fellowships===
{| class="wikitable" |+ Fellowships by funding bodies |- ! Funding body !! Fellowship |- | [[Wellcome Trust]] || * [[Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow]] |- | [[Leverhulme Trust]] || * Early Career Fellowships * Emeritus Fellowships * International Academic Fellowships * Major Research Fellowships * Research Fellowships |- | [[Royal Society]] || * [[Royal Society University Research Fellowship]] * [[Newton International Fellowship]] |}
==See also== * [[Fellow]] * [[Lecturer#Academic usage|Lecturer]] * [[List of academic ranks]] * [[Research assistant]] * [[Research associate]]
== References == {{reflist}}
{{Academic positions}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Research Fellow}}
[[Category:Academic administration]] [[Category:Research|fellow]]