Renhua County

{{Infobox settlement | name = Renhua | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|仁化县}}}} | other_name = Yanfa | postal_code_type = Postal code | settlement_type = County | image_skyline = Renhua.jpg | image_map = Location of Renhua within Guangdong (China).png | map_caption = Location in Guangdong | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = People's Republic of China | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Guangdong | subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city | subdivision_name2 = Shaoguan | area_total_km2 = 2223 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | coordinates = {{coord|25.086|N|113.749|E|format=dms|type:adm3rd_region:CN-44_source:Gaode|display=it}} | elevation_ft = | elevation_m = | timezone = China Standard | utc_offset = +8 | website = | population_total = 200354 | image_caption = A public square in Renhua County }} '''Renhua County''' (postal: Yanfa; {{zh|c=|p=Rénhuà Xiàn|s=仁化县|t=仁化縣}}) is a county in the northernmost portion of Guangdong province, in China, bordering Jiangxi to the northeast and Hunan to the northwest. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shaoguan. Renhua County spans an area of {{Convert|2223|km2|mi2}},<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2014-08-18 |title= |script-title=zh:仁化县概况地图 |trans-title=Renhua County Overview |url=https://www.xzqh.org/html/show/gd/15979.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119042618/http://xzqh.org/html/show/gd/15979.html |archive-date=2020-01-19 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=xzqh.org |language=zh}}</ref> and has a population of 200,354 as of the 2010 Chinese Census.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2014-08-18 |title= |script-title=zh:仁化县历史沿革 |trans-title=Renhua County Organizational History |url=https://www.xzqh.org/html/show/gd/21214.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119035416/http://xzqh.org/html/show/gd/21214.html |archive-date=2020-01-19 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=xzqh.org |language=zh}}</ref>

==History== During his reign, Nanyue emperor Zhao Tuo oversaw the construction of the city of {{Interlanguage link|Guqincheng|zh|古秦城}} in present-day {{Interlanguage link|Chengkou, Guangdong|lt=Chengkou|zh|城口镇}}, Renhua County.<ref name=":1" /> Upon the Nanyue capitulation to the Han dynasty, the area of present-day Renhua County was incorporated as Qujiang County ({{Lang-zh|s=曲江县|t=曲江縣|p=Qūjiāng Xiàn}}).<ref name=":1" />

In 479 CE,<ref name="Renhua Government">Renhua Government [http://www.renhua.gov.cn/website/portal/PortalAction!index.action Official County Portal]Accessed Nov.11.2015. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043325/http://www.renhua.gov.cn/website/portal/PortalAction!index.action |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> during the Southern Qi,<ref name=":1" /> Renhua County was carved out of Qujiang County.<ref name=":1" /> However, during the Liang dynasty, Renhua County was merged back into Qujiang County.<ref name=":1" />

In 688 CE, during the reign of Emperor Ruizong of the Tang dynasty, Renhua County was re-established.<ref name=":1" /> Renhua County remained intact until 973 CE, during the reign of Emperor Taizu of the Song dynasty, when it was merged into Lechang County ({{Lang-zh|s=乐昌县|t=樂昌縣|p=Lèchāng Xiàn}}).<ref name=":1" /> In 1000 CE, under the reign of Emperor Zhenzong, Renhua County was again re-established.<ref name=":1" />

In 1949, the People's Liberation Army took control of Renhua County as part of Beijiang zone of Guangdong.<ref name="Renhua Government" />{{Dead link|date=January 2023}} The Communist government then established the People's Government of Renhua County ({{Lang-zh|s=|p=Rénhuà Xiàn Rénmín Zhèngfǔ|c=仁化县人民政府}}).<ref name="Renhua Government" />{{Dead link|date=January 2023}}

In 1958, Renhua County was abolished and placed under the direct jurisdiction of Shaoguan.<ref name=":1" /> Renhua County was re-established in 1961.<ref name=":1" />

In 1968, the Renhua County people's committee was withdrawn, and a revolutionary committee was established, which belongs to the revolutionary committee of Shaoguan District.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

In 1980, People's Government of Renhua County was restored and put under the jurisdiction of Shaoguan District.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

In 1983, Shaoguan was upgraded to a prefecture.

==Geography==

Renhua County is located in the far north of Guangdong province, and borders the provinces of Jiangxi and Hunan.<ref name=":0" /> It borders Shixing County and Nanxiong to the east, Qujiang District to the south, Lechang and Zhenjiang District to the west, Rucheng County in Hunan province to the north, and both Chongyi County and Dayu County in Jiangxi province to the northeast.<ref name=":0" />

The county is located along the southern foot of the Nanling Mountains, and has mostly mountainous terrain.<ref name=":0" />

Renhua is located just north of the Tropic of Cancer.

=== Climate === It has a subtropical monsoon climate (Köppen classification Cfa).<ref name=":0" /> The average annual temperature is {{Convert|19.9|C|F}}, the average annual rainfall is {{Convert|1660.8|mm|in}}, and the average frost-free period lasts 308 days.

{{Weather box|width=auto |metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Renhua, elevation {{convert|113|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) |Jan high C = 14.7 |Feb high C = 17.0 |Mar high C = 19.5 |Apr high C = 25.1 |May high C = 29.1 |Jun high C = 31.8 |Jul high C = 34.1 |Aug high C = 34.0 |Sep high C = 31.7 |Oct high C = 28.0 |Nov high C = 22.8 |Dec high C = 17.2 |Jan mean C = 9.8 |Feb mean C = 12.1 |Mar mean C = 15.1 |Apr mean C = 20.4 |May mean C = 24.3 |Jun mean C = 27.0 |Jul mean C = 28.4 |Aug mean C = 28.1 |Sep mean C = 26.0 |Oct mean C = 21.8 |Nov mean C = 16.6 |Dec mean C = 11.3 |Jan low C = 6.7 |Feb low C = 9.0 |Mar low C = 12.3 |Apr low C = 17.2 |May low C = 21.1 |Jun low C = 23.8 |Jul low C = 24.7 |Aug low C = 24.4 |Sep low C = 22.2 |Oct low C = 17.6 |Nov low C = 12.6 |Dec low C = 7.5 |Jan record high C = 27.2 |Jan record low C = -2.8 |Feb record high C = 30.9 |Feb record low C = -2.3 |Mar record high C = 32.6 |Mar record low C = 0.4 |Apr record high C = 34.2 |Apr record low C = 5.1 |May record high C = 36.1 |May record low C = 12.3 |Jun record high C = 37.7 |Jun record low C = 15.3 |Jul record high C = 40.9 |Jul record low C = 20.6 |Aug record high C = 40.6 |Aug record low C = 20.9 |Sep record high C = 38.5 |Sep record low C = 14.5 |Oct record high C = 36.3 |Oct record low C = 5.5 |Nov record high C = 33.0 |Nov record low C = 0.6 |Dec record high C = 29.1 |Dec record low C = -4.8 |year high C= |year low C= |year high F = |year low F = |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 83.0 |Feb precipitation mm = 99.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 188.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 199.6 |May precipitation mm = 283.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 251.7 |Jul precipitation mm = 161.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 163.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 96.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 56.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 62.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 55.6 |Jan humidity = 80 |Feb humidity = 81 |Mar humidity = 85 |Apr humidity = 84 |May humidity = 83 |Jun humidity = 83 |Jul humidity = 79 |Aug humidity = 80 |Sep humidity = 79 |Oct humidity = 76 |Nov humidity = 77 |Dec humidity = 77 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 13.5 |Feb precipitation days = 13.9 |Mar precipitation days = 19.5 |Apr precipitation days = 18.2 |May precipitation days = 19.1 |Jun precipitation days = 18.8 |Jul precipitation days = 15.2 |Aug precipitation days = 15.1 |Sep precipitation days = 11.8 |Oct precipitation days = 6.3 |Nov precipitation days = 8.3 |Dec precipitation days = 8.8 |year precipitation days = |Jan sun = 93.3 |Feb sun = 81.1 |Mar sun = 69.9 |Apr sun = 95.1 |May sun = 127.0 |Jun sun = 149.0 |Jul sun = 222.8 |Aug sun = 211.8 |Sep sun = 184.5 |Oct sun = 181.7 |Nov sun = 149.8 |Dec sun = 136.7 |year sun = | Jan percentsun = 28 | Feb percentsun = 25 | Mar percentsun = 19 | Apr percentsun = 25 | May percentsun = 31 | Jun percentsun = 36 | Jul percentsun = 53 | Aug percentsun = 53 | Sep percentsun = 50 | Oct percentsun = 51 | Nov percentsun = 46 | Dec percentsun = 42 | year percentsun = |Jan snow days = 0.6 |Feb snow days = 0.2 |Mar snow days = 0 |Apr snow days = 0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0 |Dec snow days = 0.3 |year snow days = |source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023}}</ref> }}

==Administrative divisions== [[File:Renhua, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China - panoramio (226).jpg|thumb|A paifang in Renhua County]] Renhua County administers 1 subdistrict and 10 towns.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title= |script-title=zh:2022年统计用区划代码（仁化县） |trans-title=2022 Statistical Division Codes (Renhua County) |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2022/44/02/440224.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103004242/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2022/44/02/440224.html |archive-date=2023-01-03 |access-date=2023-01-02 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China |language=zh}}</ref> These township-level divisions then, in turn, administer 109 village-level divisions.<ref name=":0" />

The county's sole subdistrict is {{Interlanguage link|Danxia Subdistrict|zh|丹霞街道}},<ref name=":2" /> which houses the county government.

The county administers the towns of {{Interlanguage link|Wenshao, Guangdong|lt=Wenshao|zh|闻韶镇}}, {{Interlanguage link|Fuxi, Guangdong|lt=Fuxi|zh|扶溪镇}}, {{Interlanguage link|Changjiang, Guangdong|lt=Changjiang|zh|长江镇 (仁化县)}}, {{Interlanguage link|Chengkou, Guangdong|lt=Chengkou|zh|城口镇}}, {{Interlanguage link|Hongshan, Guangdong|lt=Hongshan|zh|红山镇 (仁化县)}}, {{Interlanguage link|Shitang, Guangdong|lt=Shitang|zh|石塘镇 (仁化县)}}, {{Interlanguage link|Dongtang, Guangdong|lt=Dongtang|zh|董塘镇}}, Daqiao, {{Interlanguage link|Zhoutian, Shaoguan|lt=Zhoutian|zh|周田镇 (仁化县)}}, and {{Interlanguage link|Huangkeng, Renhua County|lt=Huangkeng|zh|黄坑镇 (仁化县)}}.<ref name=":2" />

== Demographics == As of the 2010 Chinese Census, Renhua County has a population of 200,354, up from the 163,213 recorded in the 2000 Chinese Census.<ref name=":1" /> A 2011 estimate put Renhua County's population at 201,700 people, and a 2008 report stated Renhua County had 229,861 hukou holders.<ref name=":1" /> In 1996, Renhua County's population was estimated at 180,000.<ref name=":1" />

=== Languages === The most commonly spoken languages in Renhua County are Cantonese,<ref name="Shaoguan Information">{{Cite web |date=2009-07-21 |title= |script-title=zh:民俗方言 |trans-title=Folk Dialects |url=http://www.gd-info.gov.cn/shtml/sg/lanmu09/lanmu902/2009/07/21/8772.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040901/http://www.gd-info.gov.cn/shtml/sg/lanmu09/lanmu902/2009/07/21/8772.shtml |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.gd-info.gov.cn |language=zh}}</ref> Mandarin, and Hakka.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} Some of towns speaking Shaozhou Tuhua (Sat Na Wa).{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

==Tourism== thumb|Danxia landform in Renhua County Notable natural features in Renhua County include Mount Danxia ({{lang|zh|丹霞山}}),<ref name=":0" /> and Mount Wanshi Grassland ({{lang|zh|万时山大草原}}), one of the rare grasslands in Guangdong province. Historical attractions include {{Interlanguage link|Shuangfeng Fort|zh|双峰寨}} ({{lang|zh|双峰寨}}),<ref name=":0" /> {{Interlanguage link|Guqincheng|zh|古秦城}} in the town of {{Interlanguage link|Chengkou, Guangdong|lt=Chengkou|zh|城口镇}} ({{lang|zh|城口古秦城}}),<ref name=":0" /> {{Interlanguage link|Yunlong Pagoda|zh|云龙寺塔}} ({{lang|zh|云龙寺塔}}), and {{Interlanguage link|Sixi Pagoda|zh|澌溪寺塔}} ({{lang|zh|澌溪寺塔}}).

=== Mount Danxia === thumb|left|Mount Danxia Mount Danxia is a Danxia landform designated as a World Heritage Site, a {{Interlanguage link|National Scenic Areas of China|lt=National Scenic Area|zh|中华人民共和国国家级风景名胜区}}, a National Nature Reserve, a National Geopark, and a National 5A Tourist Attraction.<ref name=":0" /> Nicknamed "The Red Stone Park of China", it is the largest attraction by area in Guangdong province, covering {{Convert|292|km2|mi2}}.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} It is formed by red lake and river gravel rock from 70 thousand years.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} In addition, it has the shape most abundant among Danxia land-form, especially the male and female stone.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}{{Clarify|date=January 2023}} It is mainly divided into the Danxia scenic area, Shao Shi Xian traveled scenic, attractions, scenic spots and scenic Jinjiang gallery.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}{{Clarify|date=January 2023}} In 1988, Mount Danxia was listed as a National Park of China, a National Nature Reserve, a National Geopark, and a National 5A Tourist Attraction.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} In 2004, Danxia Mountain was listed as a UNESCO Global Geopark. Mount Danxia has a lot of resources including 1,916 kind of plants, 88 mammals, 288 birds, 86 reptiles, 37 amphibians, 100 fishes and 1,023 insects.{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

===Mount Wanshi Grassland=== The highest point in Renhua County is {{Interlanguage link|Mount Wanshi|zh|万时山}}, which serves as the tripoint between Renhua County, Rucheng County in Hunan, and Chongyi County in Jiangxi.<ref name="Wanshishan Grassland">{{Cite web |date=2010-09-16 |title= |script-title=zh:万时山 |trans-title=Mount Wanshi |url=http://www.sgta.gov.cn/2010/0916/1554.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074630/http://www.sgta.gov.cn/2010/0916/1554.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.sgta.gov.cn |language=zh}}</ref> The mountain is also known as Mount Sishui ({{Lang-zh|c=汜水山|p=Sìshuǐ Shān}}) in Hunan, and Mount Fanzi ({{Lang-zh|c=范子山|p=Fànzi Shān}}) in Jiangxi.<ref name="Wanshishan Grassland" /> Mount Wanshi reaches {{Convert|1559.38|m|ft}} in elevation, and is located {{Convert|65|km|mi}} from Mount Danxia.<ref name="Wanshishan Grassland" /> Like Mount Danxia, Mount Wanshi is a Danxia landform.<ref name="Wanshishan Grassland" /> Mount Wanshi is the source of the Jin River.<ref name="Wanshishan Grassland" />

Mount Wanshi was the site of battles during the Chinese Civil War, and part of the Long March passed through Mount Wanshi.<ref name="Wanshishan Grassland" />

The annual average temperature of this special area is {{Convert|17.8|C|F}}, the annual average rainfall is {{Convert|1600|mm|in}}, and there are more than 100 types of animals and more than 30 types of plants.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} Mount Wanshi is a popular regional destination for ecotourism.<ref name="Wanshishan Grassland" />

=== Shuangfeng Fort === thumb|left|Shuang Feng Fort{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}} Built in 1915, Shuangfeng Fort is located in the town of {{Interlanguage link|Shitang, Guangdong|lt=Shitang|zh|石塘镇 (仁化县)}}, {{convert|19|km|abbr=on}} to the west of Renhua County's center. It covers {{convert|11.3|km2|abbr=on}}. Shuangfeng Fort served as a defensive fort, made from limestone and ancient black brick which made it very strong. The fort is surrounded by a {{Convert|4.878|km2|mi2}} moat. In 1928, forces from the Red Army and the Kuomintang fought at Shuangfeng Fort. In 2006, Shuangfeng Fort was approved by the State Council on the sixth batch of national key cultural relic unit under state protection list.

=== Chengkou Guqincheng === Located in {{Interlanguage link|Chengkou, Guangdong|lt=Chengkou|zh|城口镇}},<ref name=":1" /> Guqincheng is {{convert|38|km|abbr=on}} to the north of the county center.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} It controlled the route from Guangdong Province to Hunan Province as it east village was fixed up the city group, south * en streams (where the west water), west street, north to SanJiaoPing to old salt.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}{{Clarify|date=January 2023}} With a height of {{Convert|6.2|m|yd}}, and a width of {{Convert|4.5|m|yd}}, Chengkou Guqincheng was listed as a county-level cultural relic protection unit in 1982.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} It was built under the administration of Nanyue emperor Zhao Tuo,<ref name=":1" /> but was rebuilt in Qing dynasty after being destroyed.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

=== Yunlong Pagoda === thumb|left|Yunlong Temple Tower

Located in {{Interlanguage link|Dongtang, Guangdong|lt=Dongtang|zh|董塘镇}}, Yunlong Pagoda is a pagoda built between 894 CE and 901 CE, during the Tang dynasty.<ref name="Yunlong Temple Tower">{{Cite web |date=2008-09-16 |title= |script-title=zh:仁化 云龙寺塔 |trans-title=Renhua Yunlong Temple Tower |url=http://www.gdwh.com.cn/wwtd/2008/0916/article_318.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084427/http://www.gdwh.com.cn/wwtd/2008/0916/article_318.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.gdwh.com.cn |language=zh}}</ref> The pagoda was originally called Xishan Pagoda ({{Lang-zh|c=西山寺塔|p=Xīshān Sìtǎ}}), but was renamed in the Qing dynasty.<ref name="Yunlong Temple Tower" /> Yunlong Pagoda has a rectangular shape, and is five stories in height, with the top reaching {{Convert|10.34|m|yd}} high.<ref name="Yunlong Temple Tower" /> The length of the first floor is {{Convert|2|m|yd}}, although higher floors have a smaller area.<ref name="Yunlong Temple Tower" /> The pagoda's architecture is distinct to the Tang dynasty.<ref name="Yunlong Temple Tower" />

In January 1988, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.<ref name="Yunlong Temple Tower" />

=== Sixi Pagoda === thumb|Sixi Temple Tower{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}} Also located in Dongtang, Sixi Pagoda faces Yunlong Pagoda across Sixi Mountain. It was built in 1075 and listed as the second paper unit of Guangdong Province.{{Clarify|date=January 2023}} The tower has a height of {{Convert|23.14|m|yd}} and made of brick. It not only has an architectural feature of Tang Dynasty, but with the style of Song dynasty. It is a loft-style tower which made of examinations in the imitation wood for external, the door with arch plane, shape likes flat square, round flat seat Chuanxin wall internal, with blue bricks' Chuanxin ladder, can connect to the top floor.{{Clarify|date=January 2023}}

==Cuisine== {{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}} Cuisine in Renhua County includes Shitang rice wine, Field-snail casserole, Hongshan white-hair tea, Danxia pickled radish, Huangkeng citrus Gonggan, and Xiafu pomelo.

=== Shitang rice wine === thumb|Shitang Rice Wine Shitang rice wine has a history of more than 300 years. The unique taste is attributed to the requirement that it must be made with local water. The foam from Shitang Rice Wine often accumulates in cups, giving it the nickname "stacking flowers".

=== Field-snail casserole === Field-snail casserole is one of the local feather foodies.{{Clarify|date=January 2023}} The dish is made with locally planted betel nut palm. It is locally used to dispel the cold.

=== Hongshan white-hair tea === thumb|Hongshan White-hair Tea Hongshan white-hair tea was used as a royal tribute during the Qing dynasty. The tea is a kind of green tea which has the leaves' white "hair" in it. The tea tastes sweet and delicate, and is the first of three white-hair tea in China.

=== Danxia pickled radish === Danxia Pickled Radish is made a by local secret recipe, and is round, crispy, and acidic.

=== Huangkeng citrus Gonggan === thumb|Huangkeng Citrus Gonggan Huangkeng citrus Gonggang is grown in {{Interlanguage link|Huangkeng, Renhua County|lt=Huangkeng|zh|黄坑镇 (仁化县)}}, which neighbors Mount Danxia. Huangkeng has a special climate and soil condition which is suitable for Gonggan growing. Huangkeng citrus Gonggang is characterized by its uniquely thin skin, seedless-ness, and sweet flesh.

=== Xiafu Pomelo === Xiafu pomelo is sweet and fragrant. With its climate and soil conditions the shape, flesh, and taste of Xiafu pomelo is the similar to pomelo from Shatian Guangxi.

== See also ==

* Mount Danxia * Nanyue * Shaoguan

==References== {{reflist}}

{{County-level divisions of Guangdong}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Renhua County Category:County-level divisions of Guangdong Category:Shaoguan Category:National Civilized City