SBB Re 460

{{Short description|Type of electric locomotive}} {{Infobox locomotive | name = SBB Re 460 | bgcolor = D81E05 | color = FFFFFF | powertype = Electric | image = SBB Re 460 Schottikon alternate crop.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Re 460 with IC 2000 double decker trainset, between Elgg and Schottikon | designer = Pininfarina | builder = SLM, Winterthur ABB, Zürich | serialnumber = | buildmodel = | builddate = 1991–1996 | totalproduction = 119 | uicclass = Bo′Bo′ | gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}} | trucks = | bogies = | wheelbase = | length = {{convert|18500|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|3000|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|4310|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} | frametype = | axleload = | locoweight = {{convert|84|t|abbr=on}} | electricsystem = {{15 kV AC|frac=y}} Catenary | collectionmethod = Pantograph | tractionmotors = ABB 4-FXA 7065 3-phase with GTO- (after modernisation IGBT-) VVVF | maxspeed = {{convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}}{{efn|The allowed top speed is 200 km/h. In order to get the approval to run at that speed, the locomotive must be able to go 15% faster; thus, the ''technical'' top speed is {{convert|230|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, see [https://www.lokifahrer.ch/Lokomotiven/Loks-SBB/Re_460/SBB-Re_460.htm Article by Bruno Lämmli] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706235848/http://www.lokifahrer.ch/Lokomotiven/Loks-SBB/SBB-Re_460.htm |date=2011-07-06 }} (German). However, this is not relevant in normal operation. Therefore, the table holds the allowed top speed, as for any other rail vehicle.}} | poweroutput = {{convert|6100|kW|hp|-1|abbr=on}} max. {{convert|5600|kW|hp|-1|abbr=on}} cont. | tractiveeffort = {{convert|230|kN|lbf|-1|abbr=on}} cont. @{{convert|88|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} | factorofadhesion = | locobrakes = Air, regenerative and magnetic track brake | trainbrakes = Air | coupling = buffers and chain | safety = | operator = SBB-CFF-FFS | operatorclass = Re 460 000 – Re 460 118 | officialname = | nicknames = Lok 2000 | locale = | deliverydate = | firstrundate = | lastrundate = | retiredate = | restoredate = | scrapdate = | currentowner = | disposition = }}

The '''Re 460''', popularly known as the '''''Lok 2000''''', are a class of modern four-axle electric locomotives of Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS), similar to the '''Re 465''' of BLS. Although designed as multipurpose locomotives, the Re 460 are now used only for hauling long-distance passenger trains in Switzerland (one service to {{stn|Konstanz}}). Variants of the Re 460 are used in China, Finland, India and Norway.

The Lok 2000-family locomotives are the last mainline locomotives to be quasi fully developed and produced by Swiss companies. Locomotive construction in Switzerland has since been largely discontinued for economic reasons. Only Stadler Rail still manufactures shunting and rack railway locomotives in the country.

== Assignment == The series was introduced as part of the Rail 2000 project, a massive project to modernise and improve the capacity of Switzerland's railways.<ref name="railtech">{{cite web |title=Bahn 2000 Rail Network Improvements, Switzerland |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/switzerland/ |access-date=28 September 2009 |work=rail-technology.com}}</ref>

Upon their entry into service in the early 1990s, they replaced the Ae 3/6I, Ae 4/7, and Re 4/4I series units, and displaced many of the Re 4/4II series into lesser duties.

When SBB was split up on 1 September 1999, locomotives Re 460 No. 079–118 were assigned to the freight division, later becoming SBB Cargo. It was seen as an advantage to use all Re 460, which had been designed for {{cvt|200|km/h}}, for passenger service. The passenger division passed the Re 6/6 to SBB Cargo and bought Re 460 079–095 on 1 January 2003, 096–102 in 2004, and the rest in 2005.

While originally designed as a multipurpose locomotive, they are now used for passenger services only, often in conjunction with the IC 2000 double-decker or {{interlanguage link|Einheitswagen (Schweiz, Normalspur)#Einheitswagen_IV|lt=EW IV|de}} trainsets (often used to pull InterCity and InterRegio trains in the German and French language areas). Their freight role has been assumed by Re 482s, Re 420/421 and Re 620 (previously also Re 481).

They are maintained at Yverdon.

== Modernization == Starting in 2017, the Swiss Federal Railways enbarked on a modernization of the Re 460, to be finished in 2022.<ref name=LR>{{cite web |url=https://www.lok-report.de/news/europa/item/18839-schweiz-re-460-nach-modernisierung-klimafreundlicher.html |title=Switzerland: Re 460 after climate-friendly modernization |publisher=Lok Report |date=2020 |lang=de |access-date=2025-12-06}}</ref> The main goal was to achieve greater energy efficiency by upgrading traction converter technology to IGBT from GTO.<ref name=BL>{{cite web |url=https://www.lokifahrer.ch/Lokomotiven/Loks-SBB/Re_460/SBB-Re_460.htm |access-date=2025-12-06 |author=Bruno Lämmli |title=Lokifahrer (SBB Re 460) |lang=de}}</ref> Other efficiency gains included switching off tractive power to individual bogies when not needed, using more efficient air compressors, and operating transformer cooling fans only as needed. The revamped locomotives can be externally identified by the front-facing logo, the number mounted on the side of the front, and by their glossy, as opposed to matte, red paint.<ref name=LR/>

All 119 Re 460 locomotives had been converted by November 2022.<ref name=LR/> The renovation work was done at the SBB workshops in Yverdon.<ref name=RJ>{{cite web |url=https://www.railjournal.com/locomotives/sbb-launches-re460-overhaul-programme/ |publisher=Railway Journal |access-date=2025-12-06 |author=Anitra Green |title=SBB launches Re460 overhaul programme |date=2017}}</ref>

==Naming and liveries== {{hatnote|See also: {{Commons category-inline|SBB Re 460 names}}}} Like several other Swiss locomotives (e.g. Ae 6/6, Re 6/6, Re 450), almost all Re 460 locomotives are named. In case of the Re 460, the names are applied below the cab window at one end.

:{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- ! colspan=6 | '''List of Re 460 Engine Nos. with their names''' |- ! colspan=6 |(Engine number is Re 460 xxx) |- ! No. !! Name !! No. !! Name !! No. !! Name |- |000 || Grauholz || 040 || Napf || 080 || Tre Valli |- |001 || Lötschberg || 041 || Mendrisiotto || 081 || Pfänder |- |002 || Seeland || 042 || Albis || 082 || Ceresio |- |003 || Milieu du Monde || 043 || Dreispitz || 083 || — |- |004 || Uetliberg || 044 || Zugerland || 084 || Helvetia ''(from 12 September 2006 to August 2007: Neftenbach)'' |- |005 || Val d'Anniviers || 045 || Rigi || 085 || Pilatus |- |006 || Lavaux || 046 || Polmengo || 086 || Ägerisee |- |007 || Junior || 047 || Maderanertal || 087 || Säuliamt |- |008 || La Gruyère || 048 || Züri Wyland || 088 || Limmat |- |009 || Le jet d´eau || 049 || Pfannenstiel || 089 || Freiamt |- |010 || Löwenberg || 050 || Züspa || 090 || Goffersberg |- |011 || Léman || 051 || Staffelegg || 091 || Werdenberg |- |012 || Erguël || 052 || Eigenamt || 092 || Fridolin |- |013 || Nord Vaudois || 053 || Suhrental || 093 || Rhein |- |014 || Val du Trient || 054 || Dreiländereck || 094 || Rhätia |- |015 || Dübendorf II || 055 || Lillehammer || 095 || Bachtel |- |016 || Rohrdorferberg Reusstal || 056 || — || 096 || Furttal |- |017 || Les Diablerets || 057 || Val-de-Ruz || 097 || Studenland |- |018 || — || 058 || La Côte || 098 || Balsberg |- |019 || Terre Sainte || 059 || La Béroche || 099 || Bodensee |- |020 || Idée suisse || 060 || Val-de-Travers || 100 || Tösstal |- |021 || — || 061 || Wiggertal || 101 || Bözberg |- |022 || Sihl || 062 || Ergolz || 102 || Lägern |- |023 || Wankdorf || 063 || Brunegg || 103 || Heitersberg |- |024 || Rheintal || 064 || Mythen || 104 || Toggenburg |- |025 || Striegel || 065 || Rotsee || 105 || Fürstenland |- |026 || Fricktal || 066 || Finse || 106 || Munot |- |027 || Joggeli || 067 || Hohle Gasse || 107 || Glärnisch |- |028 || Seetal || 068 || Gütsch || 108 || Engadin |- |029 || Eulach || 069 || Verkehrshaus || 109 || Alpstein |- |030 || Säntis || 070 || — || 110 || Mariaberg |- |031 || Chaumont || 071 || Mittelland || 111 || Kempt |- |032 || — || 072 || Reuss || 112 || Thurtal |- |033 || — || 073 || Monte Ceneri || 113 || Irchel |- |034 || Aare || 074 || — || 114 || Circus Knie |- |035 || — || 075 || Schafmatt || 115 || Heidiland |- |036 || Franches-Montagnes || 076 || Leventina || 116 || Ostschweiz |- |037 || Sempacher See || 077 || Chunnel || 117 || Zürichsee |- |038 || Hauenstein || 078 || Monte Generoso || 118 || Gotthard / Gottardo |- |039 || Rochers de Naye || 079 || Weissenstein || || |}

===Advertising=== {{See also|:de:Liste der Werbelokomotiven der Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen#Re 460}} {{hatnote|See also: {{Commons category-inline|Advertisements on SBB Re 460}}}} Due in part to their large, mainly flat bodysides, Swiss Federal Railways were approached early on with requests for the Re 460 to be used as mobile advertising hoardings. Despite opposition from some quarters, the money that could be earned swayed the decision, and the first such locomotive, Re 460 015, was unveiled in 1994 in Agfa livery. Today no other loco type in Switzerland carries so many different liveries.

:{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- ! colspan=4 |List of alternate names due to special liveries<ref name=info24>{{cite web |title=Pictures of all Re 460 |url=https://info24.jimdofree.com/fotos/sbb-re-460/ |work=info24.jimdofree.com |publisher=info24 by Marcel Manhart |access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref> |- !scope="col"| Serial No. !scope="col"| Engine's name !scope="col"| Period !scope="col"| Livery |- !scope="row"| Re 460 003 | Roger || 2008 || National Suisse / Roger Federer |- !scope="row"| Re 460 014 | FORTICO || 21 Jun 1996 – 30 Oct 1997 || Holderbank Cement: HCB |- !scope="row"| Re 460 015 | uf u dervo || 27 Jun 2004 – 9 Oct 2006 || Schweizer Radio DRS III |- !scope="row"| Re 460 016 | TRAMONT || 11 Apr 1997 – 27 May 1998 || ABB / Adtranz I-V |- !scope="row"| Re 460 018 | Louis Danzas || 23 Jan 1995 – 17 Apr 1997 || Danzas AG |- !scope="row"| Re 460 018 | Leutschenbach I || 22 Jan 2005 – 5 Oct 2005 || Schweizer Fernsehen SF DRS II |- !scope="row"| Re 460 019 | Miele || 17 Aug 1995 – 4 Nov 1996 || Miele: Miele Schweizer- und Euronorm |- !scope="row"| Re 460 020 | idée suisse || 24 Mar 1999 – unknown || SRG SSR idée suisse |- !scope="row"| Re 460 021 | Lovely || 4 Oct 1995 – 26 Mar 1997 || ZVSM: Milch. Die natürliche Energie |- !scope="row"| Re 460 024 | Doris Leuthard || 22 Jun 2006 – unknown || Zugkraft Aargau II |- !scope="row"| Re 460 032 | Leutschenbach II || 6 Jan 1997 – 18 Oct 2005 || Schweizer Fernsehen SF DRS Leutschenbach II |- !scope="row"| Re 460 033 | Ascolino || 2 Sep 1996 – 31 Oct 1997 || Ascom verbindet Menschen |- !scope="row"| Re 460 035 | Roger || 2015 || Helvetia Insurance / Roger Federer |- !scope="row"| Re 460 040 | Helen Lüthi || 20 Apr 2002 – 5 Sep 2005 || 100 Jahre SBB 1902–2002 |- !scope="row"| Re 460 056 | Leutschenbach I || 6 Jan 1997 – 5 Aug 2004 || Schweizer Fernsehen SF DRS Leutschenbach I |- !scope="row"| Re 460 073 | DRS 1 || 12 May 2004 – 10 May 2007 || Schweizer Radio DRS 1 |- !scope="row"| Re 460 079 | Morgestraich || 5 Oct 1999 – 15 Mar 2004 || ChemOil Logistics AG |- !scope="row"| Re 460 079 | Stein am Rhein || 30 Mar 2004 – 20 Jul 2005 || 25 Jahre Verkehrsclub der Schweiz |- !scope="row"| Re 460 101 | Magic Ticket || 2 Jun 2004 – unknown || SBB: Magic Ticket – Hopp Schwiiz |}

==BLS Re 465== Swiss company BLS operates 18 similar locomotives, designated '''Re 465'''. These locomotives have efficiency modifications, slightly higher power output and tractive effort and individual axle control rather than individual bogie control, but are otherwise identical to the Re 460. Numbered 001–018, all are named.<ref name=BLS>{{cite web |title=BLS Rolling Stock – Re 465 |url=http://www.bls.ch/e/bahn/charter-fz-re465.php |work=BLS AG |access-date=28 September 2009}}</ref> These locomotives are used for both passenger and freight duties by BLS.<ref name=PEP>{{cite web|title=Class Re 465 locomotives for heavy-haul freight service|url=http://journals.pepublishing.com/content/p11784725w087873/|work=Professional Engineering Publishing|access-date=28 September 2009}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[File:RoLa Loetschberg.jpg|thumb|Rolling highway near Lalden, pulled by two BLS Re 465]] [[File:007 in Kandersteg. Re 465 mit dem Namen "Schilthorn" (Jan. 2012).jpg|thumb|BLS Re 465 007 named Schilthorn („Piz Gloria“){{efn|see On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)}}]] thumb|BLS Re 465 with new livery

:{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |- ! colspan=2 |List of BLS locomotive names |- | No. || Name |- | 001 || 15px 15px Simplon/Sempione (BLS AlpTransit/Lötschberg livery) |- | 002 || Gornergrat |- | 003 || Jungfraujoch–Seespiele |- | 004 || Mittelallalin-Valaistourisme |- | 005 || Niesen |- | 006 || Lauchernalp |- | 007 || Schilthorn |- | 008 || Niederhorn |- | 009 || Napf |- | 010 || Mont Vully |- | 011 || Wisenberg |- | 012 || Euro Tunnel |- | 013 || Stockhorn |- | 014 || Spalenberg |- | 015 || Vue-des-Alpes |- | 016 || Centovalli |- | 017 || Schrattenflue |- | 018 || Brienz Rothorn Bahn |}

==Usage in other countries== thumb|KTT passing through Guangzhou The MTR Corporation of Hong Kong also operated two Lok2000 variants for its cross-boundary service from Kowloon, Hong Kong, to Guangzhou, China. They were introduced in 1998 when the service was operated by the KCRC; accordingly, the train is called the KTT, which stands for "KCR Through Train". These long-distance trains had ten double-deck carriages<ref name=railtech2>{{cite web |title=Kowloon-Canton Railway |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/kowloon/ |work=rail-technology.com |access-date=28 September 2009}}</ref> and were equipped with knuckle couplers, instead of buffers and chain couplers. While the train had two locomotives, it was not operated in push-pull mode. The KTT service was cancelled in 2024, following suspension of the service from 2020 owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the opening of the faster Hong Kong Express Rail Link in 2018. Both locomotives have been in storage since then; however, beginning in January 2025, one locomotive was placed on display at Hung Hom station.

The 46 Sr2 locomotives of VR (Finnish Railways) are closely based on the Re 460, as are the 22 NSB El 18 class used by Vy of Norway. Indian Railways' WAP-5 electric locomotives are also based on the Re 460. The shape of the modified version of China Railways SS9 electric locomotives is similar to Re 460.

==Accidents and incidents== thumb|460 087–0 after the accident at Rafz. On 20 February 2015, locomotive No. 460 087-0 was involved in a collision with S-Bahn Class 514 electric multiple unit 514 146–2 at {{rws|Rafz}}.

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{Commons category|SBB Re 460}} {{Reflist}}

Category:SLM locomotives Category:Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives Category:15 kV AC locomotives Re 460 Category:Electric locomotives of Switzerland Category:Pininfarina Category:ABB locomotives Category:Standard-gauge locomotives of Switzerland Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1991