Raphitoma purpurea

{{Short description|Species of gastropod}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} {{Speciesbox |taxon = Raphitoma purpurea |image = Raphitoma purpurea 002.jpg |image_caption = Shell of ''Raphitoma purpurea'' (specimen at MNHN, Paris) |authority = ([[George Montagu (naturalist)|Montagu]], 1803) | synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS"/> | synonyms = * ''Clathurella purpurea'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Defrancia purpurea'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Fusus purpureus'' Fleming, 1828 * ''Homotoma purpurea'' Montagu, 1804 * ''Mangelia purpurea'' Risso, 1826 * ''Murex purpureus'' [[George Montagu (naturalist)|Montagu]], 1803 * ''Philbertia purpurea'' ([[George Montagu (naturalist)|Montagu]], 1803) * ''Raphitoma (Cyrtoides) rudis intermedia'' F. Nordsieck, 1968 (dubious syn.) * ''Pleurotoma corbis'' Pot. & Michd., 1838 * ''Pleurotoma cordieri'' Grat., 1832 * ''Pleurotoma fallax'' Forbes, 1844 * ''Pleurotoma purpurea'' Blainville, 1829 * ''Pleurotoma purpureum'' MacAndrew, 1851 * ''Pleurotoma (Clathurella) purpurea'' Watson, 1897 * ''Pleurotoma (Defrancia) purpurea'' P. Fischer, 1878 * ''Raphitoma elegans'' Blainville, 1829 * ''Raphitoma fallax'' Forbes, 1844 * ''Raphitoma lineolata fuscata'' F. Nordsieck, 1977 * ''Raphitoma punctatus'' Brown, 1827 * ''Raphitoma (Philbertia) purpurea'' Nordsieck, 1968 |display_parents = 3 }}

'''''Raphitoma purpurea''''' is a [[species]] of [[sea snail]], a marine [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] in the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Raphitomidae]].<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|139379|''Raphitoma purpurea'' ([[George Montagu (naturalist)|Montagu]], 1803)||5 April 2010}}</ref>

This species forms a complex with ''[[Raphitoma bourguignati]]'' (Locard, 1891), ''[[Raphitoma atropurpurea]]'' (Locard & Caziot, 1899), and ''[[Raphitoma digiulioi]]'' Pusateri & Giannuzzi Savelli, 2017.

==Description== The length of the shell varies between 9 mm and 24 mm, its diameter between 4.9 mm and 9.5 mm.

(Original description) The species shows a very rugose, fusiform and robust shell. It has a of a dark purple colour with sometimes a few spots or blotches of white. It contains nine or ten [[Whorl (mollusc)|whorls]], rounded, and tapering to an extremely fine, sharp [[Apex (mollusc)|apex]]. They contain nineteen or twenty ribs, running a little oblique to the right. They are crossed by numerous sharp, elevated ridges, which rise into angles upon the ribs, making the shell very rough, and giving it a cancellated appearance. The [[Aperture (mollusc)|aperture]] is narrow, oval and terminates into a strait [[siphonal canal]]. The outer [[Lip (gastropod)|lip]] is thin. The margin is white, crenated by the striae. The [[Columella (gastropod)|columella]] striated transversely oblique to the end of the siphonal canal, and somewhat tuberculated. Inside it is purple, marked by the ribs.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78694 Montagu, G. (1803). ''Testacea Britannica or Natural History of British Shells, Marine, Land, and Fresh-Water, Including the Most Minute: Systematically Arranged and Embellished with Figures.'' J. White, London, Vol. 1, xxxvii + 291 pp;; Vol. 2, pp. 293–606, pl. 1-16]</ref>

The [[Whorl (mollusc)|whorl]]s are usually well rounded, clathrate by narrow ribs and almost equally strong revolving ridges. The color of the shell is reddish or purplish brown, white-zoned below the middle of the [[body whorl]], the zone distinct within the [[Lip (gastropod)|lip]].<ref>[https://archive.org/details/manualconch06tryorich G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences] {{PD-notice}}</ref>

==Distribution== This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean from Northern Europa, the Azores, the Canary Islands to Angola. Fossils were found in Upper [[Pliocene]] strata in [[Italy]].

==References== {{Reflist}} * Nordsieck F. (1968). ''Die europäischen Meeres-Gehäuseschnecken (Prosobranchia). Vom Eismeer bis Kapverden und Mittelmeer''. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart VIII + 273 pp. * Nordsieck F. (1977). ''The Turridae of the European seas''. Roma: La Conchiglia. 131 pp. * Høisæter T. (2016). ''A taxonomic review of the Norwegian species of Raphitoma (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae).'' Fauna Norvegica. 36: 9-32 * [https://www.academia.edu/35255304/A_revision_of_the_Mediterranean_Raphitomidae_Neogastropoda_Conoidea_4_The_species_of_the_group_of_Raphitoma_purpurea_Montagu_1803_with_the_description_of_a_new_species Pusateri F., Giannuzzi Savelli R., Bartolini S. & Oliverio M. (2017). ''A revision of the Mediterranean Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda, Conoidea) 4: The species of the group of Raphitoma purpurea (Montagu, 1803) with the description of a new species.'' Bollettino Malacologico. 53(2): 161-183] * Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). ''The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods.'' Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. {{ISBN|0-19-857356-1}}. 627 pp * Rolán E., 2005. ''Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda''.

==External links== * [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12920789 Forbes E. (1844). R''eport on the Mollusca and Radiata of the Aegean sea, and on their distribution, considered as bearing on geology.'' Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for 1843. 130-193] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45375#page/282/mode/1up Bellardi L. (1877), I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria /] * [https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/im/item/2009-24960?listIndex=101&listCount=132 MNHN, Paris: specimen] * {{cite journal|last1 = Tucker | first1 = J.K.|year = 2004 | title = Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)|url = http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/z00682f.pdf|journal = Zootaxa|volume = 682|pages = 1–1295| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.682.1.1}} * [http://www.gastropods.com/2/Shell_8302.shtml Gastropods.com: ''Raphitoma purpurea purpurea''] * [http://www.nmr-pics.nl/Raphitomidae_new/album/slides/Raphitoma%20purpurea%20(3).html Natural History Museum, Rotterdam: ''Raphitoma purpurea'']

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raphitoma Purpurea}} [[Category:Raphitoma|purpurea]] [[Category:Gastropods described in 1803]]