{{short description|Broadcasting network}} {{about|the Slovak broadcaster|3=RTS (disambiguation)}} {{Use British English|date=April 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox broadcasting network | name = Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska | logo = Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska Logo (2011-present).svg | type = Terrestrial radio and television | branding = | established = | test card = | test of transmission = | airdate = | country = Slovakia | available = | founded = | founder = | slogan = | motto = | market_share = | license_area = | headquarters = Slovak Television Building, <br>Slovak Radio Building, Bratislava | broadcast_area = | area = | erp = | owner = Government of Slovakia | parent = | key_people = | foundation = | launch_date = {{Start date and age|2011|01|01|df=yes}}<ref name=Merger /> | dissolved = {{End date and age|2024|07|01|df=yes}} | replaced = Slovenská televízia (STV)<br>Slovenský rozhlas (SRo) | replaced_by = Slovak Television and Radio (STVR) | former_names = | digital = | analog = | servicename1 = | service1 = | servicename2 = | service2 = | servicename3 = | service3 = | servicename4 = | service4 = | callsigns = | callsign_meaning = | former_callsigns = | affiliation = European Broadcasting Union | affiliates = | groups = | former_affiliations = | webcast = | website = {{URL|http://www.rtvs.sk|rtvs.sk}} | footnotes = }} '''Radio and Television of Slovakia''' ({{langx|sk|Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska}} {{IPA|sk|ˈrɔzɦlas a ˈteleʋiːzɪɐ ˈslɔʋenska|}}), or '''RTVS''', was a nationwide public broadcasting, state-funded organisation in Slovakia.
The organisation was created in 2011 following a merger of Slovenská televízia (Slovak Television) with Slovenský rozhlas (Slovak Radio).<ref name=Merger>{{cite news|last=Balogová|first=Beata|title=RTVS arrives; Nižňanský leaves|url=http://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/41254/2/rtvs_arrives_niznansky_leave.html|access-date=12 March 2014|newspaper=The Slovak Spectator|date=10 January 2011}}</ref> It was headquartered in Bratislava.<ref>{{cite web|title=Organizačná štruktúra {{!}} Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska|url=http://www.rtvs.org/o-rtvs/organizacna-struktura|publisher=Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska|access-date=12 March 2014|language=sk|archive-date=7 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707081231/http://www.rtvs.org/o-rtvs/organizacna-struktura|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=EBU-UER / New chief executive appointed to Radio and Television Slovakia (RTVS)|url=http://www3.ebu.ch/cms/sites/ebu/contents/news/2012/08/new-chief-executive-appointed-to.html|publisher=European Broadcasting Union|access-date=12 March 2014|date=15 August 2012|archive-date=31 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831174755/https://www.ebu.ch/cms/sites/ebu/contents/news/2012/08/new-chief-executive-appointed-to.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Like its two predecessor organisations - Slovenská televízia (STV) and Slovenský rozhlas (SRo), RTVS was a member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU).
Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS) transformed into Slovak Television and Radio (STVR) on 1 July 2024.
{{Multiple image |align = right |direction = vertical |width = |image1 = RTVS budova 2023.jpg |width1 = 200 |alt1 = |caption1 = RTVS headquarters in Bratislava |image2 = Upside down Pyramid, Bratislava 02.jpg |width2 = 200 |alt2 = |caption2 = Slovak Radio Building, RTVS radio's headquarters in Bratislava }}
==Finances== Funding for the RTVS was obtained through advertising and government payments.
There was also monthly licence fee levied on most individuals registered with electricity retailers and most businesses containing three or more employees.<ref>{{cite web|title=Štatút Rozhlasu a televízie Slovenska|url=http://www.rtvs.org/download/72|publisher=Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska|access-date=12 March 2014|pages=9–10|language=sk|format=PDF|year=2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313031658/http://www.rtvs.org/download/72|archive-date=13 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Slovakia : Reinstatement of Broadcasting Fee|url=http://merlin.obs.coe.int/iris/2013/2/article35.en.html|publisher=European Audiovisual Observatory|access-date=12 March 2014|author=Juraj Polak|year=2013|archive-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513011223/http://merlin.obs.coe.int/iris/2013/2/article35.en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The TV licence fee in Slovakia was €4.64 per month (€55.68 per year).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2012/340/|title=340/2012 Z.z. {{!}} Zákon o úhrade za služby verejnosti... |website=Slov-lex.sk|access-date=27 January 2018|language=sk}}</ref> The license fee was abolished from 1 July 2023.<ref name="tvnoviny.sk">{{Cite web|url=https://tvnoviny.sk/ekonomika/clanok/645486-za-rtvs-uz-nebudete-platit-ani-cent-koncesionarske-poplatky-sa-definitivne-rusia|title=Za RTVS už nebudete platiť ani cent. Koncesionárske poplatky sa definitívne rušia|website=TV Noviny|publisher=Markíza|date=22 February 2023|language=sk}}</ref>
==Radio stations== There were 9 national radio stations in 2024: {|class="wikitable" |- ! Station ! Programming |- | {{ill|Rádio Slovensko|sk}} | National generalist station; news, entertainment and live broadcasts with pop music |- | Rádio FM | Targeted at young people, broadcasting mostly alternative and non-mainstream music, entertainment and news bulletins |- | {{ill|Rádio Devín|sk}} | Classical music and culture |- | {{ill|Rádio Regina|sk}} | Three regional radios based in Bratislava, Banská Bystrica, and Košice |- | {{ill|Rádio Patria|sk}} | (in Hungarian: ''Pátria Rádió'') Broadcasts from 06:00 until 18:00 in the Hungarian language as a service for Slovakia's largest ethnic minority group living predominantly in the southern districts bordering Hungary. There are some programmes in Ukrainian, Ruthenian, German, Polish and Czech, but they are transmitted on Radio Regina. |- | Radio Slovakia International | Broadcasts in six languages: German, Spanish, Slovak, French, English and Russian. |- | {{ill|Rádio Pyramída|sk}} | Classical music (replaced {{ill|Rádio Klasika|sk}} in 2016) |- | {{ill|Rádio Junior|sk}} | For children up to the age of 10 |- | {{ill|Rádio Litera|sk}} | Radio, stage drama and literary profiles |}
==Television channels== There were four national television channels in 2024: *''':1 (Jednotka)''' is a generalist channel, family-oriented television, broadcasting Slovak movies, children's programming, news and documentaries, major sport events on club and international level. *''':2 (Dvojka)''' broadcasts documentaries, nature-oriented shows, minor sport events, old Slovak dramas and movies, and also frequently shows classic and art foreign films in the original versions with Slovak subtitles. *''':Šport''' launched on 20 December 2021. The sports channel broadcasts 24 hours a day, programs such as live sport events, sport news, lifestyle magazines and archival materials. With the arrival of the fourth broadcasting circuit, regional sport was given more space, and one of the priorities of the new channel is also the support of education and motivation of all ages for a healthy lifestyle. *''':24''' is a news channel launched on 28 February 2022 as a consequence of the emergency situation associated with the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtvs.sk/novinky/tipy-z-programu/284183/rtvs-spusta-nepretrzite-spravodajske-vysielanie-24|title=RTVS spúšťa nepretržité spravodajské vysielanie :24|trans-title=RTVS launches a continuous news broadcast :24|language=sk|website=rtvs.sk|date=27 February 2022|access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref> This channel consists of regular news blocks, supplemented by premieres and reruns of regular news and current affairs programs acquired from the other channels and Rádio Slovensko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediaboom.sk/spravodajsky-kanal-spusta-rtvs-na-dva-tyzdne-pozrite-si-prve-minuty-vysielania-24-video|title=Spravodajský kanál spustila RTVS na dva týždne! Pozrite si prvé minúty vysielania :24 (video)|trans-title=RTVS has launched a news channel for two weeks! Watch the first minutes of the broadcast: 24 (video)|language=sk|website=mediaboom.sk|date=February 28, 2022|access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref>
===Defunct=== *''':3 (Trojka)''' was launched on 22 December 2019 and focused on archive programming. The channel discontinued operations on 30 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Filip|last=Maxa|title=Trojka dnes ukončí vysielanie. RTVS ostanú štyri okruhy|url=https://zive.aktuality.sk/clanok/hDjmzN4/trojka-dnes-ukonci-vysielanie-rtvs-ostanu-styri-okruhy/|website=Aktuality.sk|date=30 November 2022|language=sk}}</ref>
==General Directors== The General Director was elected by the National Council of the Slovak Republic. * Miloslava Zemková (2011–2012)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hisória|url=https://www.rtvs.sk/historia/riaditelia/rtvs|website=Radio and Television of Slovakia|access-date=2 August 2024|language=sk}}</ref> * Daniela Vašinová and Peter Ondro (2012), acting * Václav Mika (2012–2017) * Jaroslav Rezník (2017–2022) * Ľuboš Machaj (2022–2024)
==News and objectivity== During the term of the General Director Václav Mika (2012–2017), the content and graphics of the news have changed significantly. The title also included the RTVS brand titled ''Správy RTVS''. The news broadcasting programmes were initially struggling with very low audience on 18 December 2012 with only 7.8% share.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medialne.trend.sk/televizia/spravy-stv-maju-novy-format-nazov-aj-vizual-takmer-trikolore|title=Správy STV majú nový formát, názov aj vizuál. (Takmer) V trikolóre|website=medialne.trend.sk|date=18 December 2012|language=sk}}</ref>
Over time, the audience began to grow, and RTVS news has started to appear as the most objective news in TV in public opinion surveys, with exceptions lasting by now.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.median.sk/pdf/MML2020/MMLOmnibus_2020_III_Najobjektivnejsie_TV_spravodajstvo.pdf|title=Tlačová Správa MML Omnibus|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127093428/https://www.median.sk/pdf/MML2020/MMLOmnibus_2020_III_Najobjektivnejsie_TV_spravodajstvo.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> However, after the election of Jaroslav Reznik as General Director in 2017, who was nominated by SNS party, which was in government, the situation in the newsroom has changed. A new head of the news section has been appointed, under whose leadership, according to most of the journalists, the content of the news was being manipulated. The tense atmosphere led to the departure of a dozen journalists in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dennikn.sk/1138873/zuzana-kovacic-hanzelova-dufala-som-ze-vydrzim-dlhsie/|title=Zuzana Kovačič Hanzelová: Dúfala som, že vydržím dlhšie|first=Dušan|last=Mikušovič|website=Denník N|date=1 June 2018|language=sk}}</ref> More and more space in the news was reserved to the SNS party officials, including journeys of Andrej Danko, the party leader, serving till 2020 as Speaker of the parliament, to Russia. The topic of his plagiarism in rigorous work was also not addressed in the main part of the news.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/760212/po-stopnutych-reportazach-o-dankovi-koncia-v-rtvs-dvaja-redaktori/|title=Po stopnutých reportážach o Dankovi končia v RTVS dvaja redaktori|website=Aktuality.sk|date=30 January 2020 |language=sk}}</ref>
After the parliamentary elections in 2020 and the new government appointed, news too favorable towards the governmental or oppositional parties seem to not appearing anymore, nonetheless some of the content was still manipulated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://strategie.hnonline.sk/media/2251742-neodvysielanim-reporterov-o-plagiatorstve-nedoslo-podla-rady-rtvs-k-cenzure|title=V Reportéroch nie je cenzúra. Skonštatovala Rada RTVS o neodvysielanej reportáži o plagiátorstve|website=Hospodárske noviny|date=20 November 2020|language=sk}}</ref>
In 2024, RTVS news has been the most objective TV news in Slovakia in public opinion surveys.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://domov.sme.sk/c/23347339/ludia-na-slovensku-povazuju-spravodajstvo-rtvs-za-najobjektivnejsie-nasleduje-ta3.html |title=Ľudia na Slovensku považujú spravodajstvo RTVS za najobjektívnejšie, nasleduje TA3|website=Sme|publisher=Petit Press|date=21 June 2024|language=sk}}</ref>
==Closure== In April 2024, the Slovak government approved the Television and Radio Act proposed by prime minister Robert Fico and minister of culture Martina Šimkovičová over alleged partiality of the broadcaster. The move has been criticised by then-president of Slovakia Zuzana Čaputová, Slovakia's opposition and the EBU's director general Noel Curran as potentially undermining the independence of public broadcasting in the country.<ref>{{cite web|last=Abril|first=Ángel|url=https://www.escplus.es/eurovision/2024/el-gobierno-de-eslovaquia-aprueba-el-cierre-de-la-cadena-publica-rtvs-por-falta-de-independencia-sustituyendola-por-el-nuevo-ente-stvr/|title=El Gobierno de Eslovaquia aprueba el cierre de la cadena pública RTVS por falta de independencia sustituyéndola por el nuevo ente STVR|work=ESCplus España|date=24 April 2024|access-date=24 April 2024|language=es}}</ref>
The bill was passed on 20 June 2024 by the Parliament of Slovakia. As such, RTVS was closed by 1 July 2024 and replaced by a new broadcaster, Slovak Television and Radio (STVR). The legislation was passed by 78 out of 78 present lawmakers, with the opposition not taking part in the vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsnow.tasr.sk/parliament-okays-creation-of-slovak-television-and-radio/|title=Parliament Okays Creation of Slovak Television and Radio|website=News Agency of the Slovak Republic|date=20 June 2024}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:98%;" | colspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" |'''RTVS closure and establishment of STVR'''<br/>Martina Šimkovičová (SNS) |- ! colspan="2" style="width:150px;" |Ballot → !20 June 2024 |- ! colspan="2" |Required majority → |40 out of 78 <small>(simple) {{tick|15}}</small> |- ! style="width:1px; background:green;" | | style="text-align:left;" |{{Collapsible list | title = <span style="font-weight:normal;">'''Yes'''</span>|• SMER-SD (42)|• HLAS-SD (26)|• SNS (10) }} |{{Composition bar|78|150|green|width=125px}} |- ! style="background:red;" | | style="text-align:left;" |No |{{Composition bar|0|150|red|width=125px}} |- ! style="background:gray;" | | style="text-align:left;" |Abstentions |{{Composition bar|0|150|gray|width=125px}} |- ! style="background:black;" | | style="text-align:left;" |{{Collapsible list | title = <span style="font-weight:normal;">Absentees</span>||• PS (32)|• HLAS-SD (1)|• Slovensko (16)|• KDH (12)|• SaS (11) }} |{{Composition bar|72|150|black|width=125px}} |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |Sources:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Národná rada Slovenskej republiky - hlasovanie poslancov |url=https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=schodze/hlasovanie/hlasklub&ID=55011 |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=www.nrsr.sk |language=sk}}</ref> |}
==Logos and identities== ===RTVS=== <gallery> File:Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska Logo (2011-present).svg </gallery>
===RTVS television channels=== <gallery> File:Jednotka logo.svg|Logo of Jednotka File:Dvojka logo.svg|Logo of Dvojka File:Šport logo.svg|Logo of :Šport File:24 logo.svg|Logo of :24 </gallery>
===RTVS radio stations=== <gallery> File:Rádio Slovensko.svg|Logo of Rádio Slovensko File:Rádio FM.svg|Logo of Rádio FM File:Rádio Devín.svg|Logo of Rádio Devín File:Rádio Regina.svg|Logo of Rádio Regina File:Rádio Patria.svg|Logo of Rádio Patria File:Rádio Slovakia International.svg|Logo of Rádio Slovakia International File:Rádio Pyramída.svg|Logo of Rádio Pyramída File:Rádio Junior.svg|Logo of Rádio Junior File:Rádio Litera.svg|Logo of Rádio Litera </gallery>
==See also== * Television in Slovakia * European Broadcasting Union * Czechoslovak Television * Slovak Television
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.rtvs.sk/ Radio and television website] {{in lang|sk}}
{{Television in Slovakia}} {{European Broadcasting Union Members}} {{Authority control}}
{{Coord|48.157|N|17.072|E|display=title}}
Category:Publicly funded broadcasters Category:Mass media in Slovakia Category:European Broadcasting Union members Category:Radio stations in Slovakia Category:Radio in Slovakia Category:Multilingual broadcasters Category:Television channels and stations established in 2011 Category:Radio stations established in 2011 Category:Radio and Television of Slovakia Category:2011 establishments in Slovakia Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2024 Category:Radio stations disestablished in 2024 Category:2024 disestablishments in Slovakia