{{short description|Collection of Hindutva organisations}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} {{Other uses|Sangha (disambiguation)}} {{Conservatism in India|Organisations}} The '''Sangh Parivar''' (translation: "Family of the Sangh" or the "{{abbr|RSS|Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh}} family"){{sfn|Jaffrelot|1996 |loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iVsfVOTUnYEC&pg=PA123 p. 123]}}{{sfn|Andersen|Damle|1987|p=115}}<ref>{{citation |first=Thomas Blom |last=Hansen |chapter=Controlled Emancipation: Women and Hindu Nationalism |editor1=Bodil Folke Frederiksen |editor2=Fiona Wilson |title=Ethnicity, Gender and the Subversion of Nationalism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UwvKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93 |year=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-20566-9 |page=93 |access-date=26 May 2019 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207082452/https://books.google.com/books?id=UwvKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93 |url-status=live }}: "The RSS usually calls its network of organisation the RSS family (Sangh Parivar), consciously evoking connotations of warmth, security and emotional attachment beyond ideology and reasoning. The family metaphor is central and highly operational as an instrument of recruitment and cohesion for the movement, which offers a sort of surrogate family to the activists. The family metaphor also refers to the authoritarian and paternalist authority structure which operates within the movement."</ref> is an umbrella term for the collection of Hindutva organisations formed by, and affiliated to, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. These include the political party Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), religious organisation Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), students union Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP), among several others. In total, the Sangh Parivar has over 2,500 organisations.
The Sangh Parivar represents the Hindutva ideology and movement in India.<ref name="saha">{{harvnb|Saha|2004|p=274}}</ref> Members of the Sangh Parivar or the supporters of its ideology are often referred to as "Sanghis".<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=Kangana Ranaut shares pics of Will Smith doing puja in India, says he's 'bidga hua Sanghi' like her |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kangana-ranaut-shares-pics-of-will-smith-doing-puja-in-india-says-he-s-bidga-hua-sanghi-like-her-101648547473683.html |access-date=25 December 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=25 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225061742/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/kangana-ranaut-shares-pics-of-will-smith-doing-puja-in-india-says-he-s-bidga-hua-sanghi-like-her-101648547473683.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
== History == In the 1960s, the volunteers of the {{abbr|RSS|Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh}} joined the different social and political movements in India, including the Bhoodan, a land reform movement led by prominent Gandhian Vinobha Bhave<ref>Suresh Ramabhai, Vinoba and his mission, Published by Akhil Bharat Sarv Seva Sangh, 1954</ref> and the Sarvodaya led by another Gandhian Jayaprakash Narayan.<ref name="martha">Martha Craven Nussbaum, The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence, and India's Future, Published by Harvard University Press, 2007 {{ISBN|0-674-02482-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-674-02482-3}}</ref> The RSS also supported the formation of a trade union, the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh and a student's organisation Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad and many other organisations like Seva Bharati, Lok Bharati and Deendayal Research Institute among others.
These organisations started and supported by the RSS volunteers came to be known collectively as the Sangh Parivar.<ref name="smith">Smith, David James, Hinduism and Modernity P189, Blackwell Publishing {{ISBN|0-631-20862-3}}</ref> The following decades have seen a steady growth in the influence of the Sangh Parivar in the social and political space of India.
=== Demolition of the Babri Masjid === According to a report by the UPA-instituted Liberhan Commission, the Sangh Parivar organised the demolition of the Babri Masjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/rssfeed/india/Excerpts-from-the-Liberhan-Commission-report/Article1-479907.aspx |title=Excerpts from the Liberhan Commission report |work=Hindustan Times|date=25 November 2009 |access-date=26 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606125658/http://www.hindustantimes.com/rssfeed/india/Excerpts-from-the-Liberhan-Commission-report/Article1-479907.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress kar sevaks">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/how-the-bjp-rss-mobilised-kar-sevaks/545911/ |title=How the BJP, RSS mobilised kar sevaks |work=The Indian Express |date=25 November 2009 |access-date=26 January 2011 |archive-date=19 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219033847/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/how-the-bjp-rss-mobilised-kar-sevaks/545911/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Commission said— "The blame or the credit for the entire temple construction movement at Ayodhya must necessarily be attributed to the Sangh Parivar".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2009/nov/24/liberhan-comes-down-heavily-on-advani-and-vajpayee.htm |title=Liberhan comes down heavily on Vajpayee, Advani – Rediff.com India News |work=Rediff.com |date=24 November 2009 |access-date=26 January 2011 |archive-date=24 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224014918/http://news.rediff.com/report/2009/nov/24/liberhan-comes-down-heavily-on-advani-and-vajpayee.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
It also noted that the Sangh Parivar is an "extensive and widespread organic body", which encompasses organisations, which address and bring together just about every type of social, professional and other demographic grouping of individuals. {{blockquote|1=Each time, a new demographic group has emerged, the Sangh Parivar has hived off some of its RSS inner-core leadership to harness that group and bring it within the fold, enhancing the voter base of the Parivar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_vajpayee-advani-severely-indicted-by-liberhan-commission_1315927 |title=Vajpayee, Advani severely indicted by Liberhan Commission – India – DNA |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=24 November 2009 |access-date=26 January 2011 |archive-date=21 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121030207/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_vajpayee-advani-severely-indicted-by-liberhan-commission_1315927 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
== Ideology == === Economics === While the BJP governments have often been seen as industry friendly,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/20/stories/2008072053910400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804033933/http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/20/stories/2008072053910400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 August 2008 |title=New Delhi News : BJP assures industrialists of good deal |date=20 July 2008 |access-date=4 September 2010 |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> the opinions and the views of the Sangh Parivar constituents like Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS) find consonance with the known leftist stands on labour rights.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Economics: A Bharatiya View Point |year=2002 |url=http://www.bms.org.in/htm/economics.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030221084505/http://bms.org.in/htm/economics.htm |archive-date=21 February 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Independent source needed|date=April 2026}} The Sangh Parivar, as a whole, even the BJP in its earlier days, has advocated 'Swadeshi' (Self Reliance). Sangh Parivar leaders have been very vocal in their criticism of globalisation, especially its impact on the poor and native people.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}} In 2000, the Swadeshi Jagran Manch (SJM) led a protest against the role of international agencies such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Gupta, Sharad |title=BJP gears up to take on 'ideological ally' |work=The Indian Express|date=14 November 2000 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20001124/ina24069.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030123000202/http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20001124/ina24069.html |archive-date=23 January 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Social reform === The VHP founded a number of educational institutes such as ''Bharat Sevashram'', ''Hindu Milan Mandir'', ''Ekal Vidalayas'' and schools in tribal locations.<ref name="Basu">{{citation |title=Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India |page=190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTrjCQAAQBAJ&q=sangh+parivar&pg=PA190 |first=Amrita |last=Basu |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9781107089631 |access-date=4 December 2020 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207082504/https://books.google.com/books?id=TTrjCQAAQBAJ&q=sangh+parivar&pg=PA190 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Social and political empowerment === The emergence of the Sangh Parivar in Indian politics has also brought many representatives of the backward classes, who had been victims of social neglect and casteism, to comparatively prominent positions in the government and administration. At the same time, the Sangh has refused to allow said backward classes a share in the national wealth.<ref>{{citation |title=Buffalo Nationalism: A Critique of Spiritual Fascism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=obg96BoDD4QC&pg=PA14 |first=Kancha |last=Ilaiah |year=2004 |isbn=9788185604695 |page=14 | publisher=Popular Prakashan |access-date=2 December 2017 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207082454/https://books.google.com/books?id=obg96BoDD4QC&pg=PA14 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In many villages across India, ''Dharma Raksha Samitis'' (Duty/Religion Protection Committees) promote religious discourse and form an arena for bhajan performance. The Sangh sponsors calendars of Hindu deities and provides instruction on sanctioned methods of conducting Ganesh Chaturthi and Navaratri.<ref>{{harvnb|de la Cadena|Starn|2007|p=284}}</ref>
=== Politics === The Bharatiya Janata Party, which represents the Sangh Parivar in national politics, has formed three governments in India, most recently being in power from May 2014 under the leadership of Prime minister Narendra Modi, re-elected in May 2019 and again re-elected in 2024.
Political opponents of the BJP allege that the party's moderate face merely serves to cover the Sangh Parivar's "hidden agenda" of undiluted ''Hindutva'', detectable by the BJP's efforts to change the content of history textbooks and syllabi as well as other aspects of the education system.<ref>{{harvnb|Thakurta|Raghuraman|2004 |loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ur6GAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 p. 64]}}</ref>
Such criticism of the BJP arises in part from the fact that BJP had only 2 seats in the parliament in 1984 and after the Babri Masjid demolition in 1992 the party gained national recognition, and rose to power in 1998.<ref>BJP#History</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/babri_masjid_bjp_top_rung_indicted.php |title=Babri Masjid demolition just an incident, says Supreme Court |publisher=Ndtv.com |date=16 January 2012 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-date=3 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003070033/http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/babri_masjid_bjp_top_rung_indicted.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Matt |url=http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hrj/iss16/narula.shtml |title=Harvard Law School Human Rights Journal |publisher=Law.harvard.edu |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-date=16 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416012610/http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hrj/iss16/narula.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Book – Communalism and Secularism in Indian Politics : Study of the BJP</ref>{{full citation needed|date=March 2014}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/india/113.htm |title=India – The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rise of Hindu Nationalism |publisher=Countrystudies.us |date=7 October 1947 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=29 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629134936/http://countrystudies.us/india/113.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ayodhya-central-to-BJPs-rise-fall-at-Centre-UP/articleshow/6660668.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Ayodhya central to BJP's rise & fall at Centre, UP |date=1 October 2010 |access-date=21 December 2010 |archive-date=4 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004163842/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ayodhya-central-to-BJPs-rise-fall-at-Centre-UP/articleshow/6660668.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Reception == The Sangh Parivar has been described with monikers spanning the spectrum from "patriotic Hindus"<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/761560.cms VHP mail: BJP is like 'secular' Cong] ''The Times of India'' – 1 July 2004</ref> to "Hindu nationalist".<ref name="saha" /> Some have also labeled them "Hindu chauvinist".<ref>Breckenridge, Pollock, Bhabha, Chakravarty 2002:56</ref> While its constituent organisations present themselves as embedded in the traditional ethos of Hinduism, their ideological opponents have characterised them as the representatives of authoritarian, xenophobic and majoritarian religious nationalism in India,<ref name="Bhatt4">{{harvnb|Bhatt|2001|p=4}}</ref> These organisations have been accused of involvement with Hindu terrorism.<ref name="Gittinger">{{cite journal |last1=GITTINGER |first1=JULI |title=Saffron Terror: Splinter or Symptom? |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |year=2011 |volume=46 |issue=37 |pages=22–25 |jstor=23047273 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref><ref>[http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2822/stories/20111104282207800.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330124840/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2822/stories/20111104282207800.htm|date=30 March 2014}} Frontline – 22 Oct – 4 November 2011</ref> === Fascism === {{See also|Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh#Fascism}} The Sangh Parivar has been described as fascist by several scholars and academics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakrabartty |first=Partha P. |date=22 January 2020 |title='India Has The Longest Running Fascist Movement in the World – The RSS' |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/benjamin-zachariah-fascism-sangh-parivar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518170529/https://m.thewire.in/article/politics/benjamin-zachariah-fascism-sangh-parivar |archive-date=18 May 2020 |website=The Wire (India)}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sarkar|1993|pages=163–167}}{{Sfn|Desai|Pandey|Kapila|Desai|2016|pages=56–79}} According to historian Sumit Sarkar, Muslims are portrayed by the Sangh Parivar as an inherently unpatriotic minority with undue privilege in the propaganda disseminated by its organisations, similar to the depiction of Jews in Nazi propaganda.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1993|pages=165}} All dissent, and even the possibility of dissent, is framed as a form of "pseudo-secular" minority appeasement.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1993|pages=163–165}} At the same time, the Sangh Parivar presents itself as uniquely indigenous and authentically Hindu, framing secular ideals as fundamentally anti-Hindu.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1993|pages=165}}
{{Blockquote|text=What I am suggesting is that in its staging of spectacles, in its techniques of mobilisations, in the multiplicity of its fronts, in the shadowy traffic between its parliamentary and non-parliamentary organs, in the seamless interplay of form and content in its ideological interpellations, in the connection it asserts between a resurgent national tradition and the regaining of masculinist virility, in its simultaneous claims to legality and extra-legality, in its construction of a mythic history which authorises it to be above history, and in its organisation of a ''dharm sansad'' that authorises it to be above the civil parliament whenever it so chooses, the Sangh Parivar is a classically fascist force with large Indian twists of course, as every fascism must always take a specifically national form.|author=Aijaz Ahmad{{Sfn|Desai|Pandey|Kapila|Desai|2016|pages=57}}}}
Whereas fascism rose to power in Italy and Germany within roughly a decade of its emergence, Hindutva, under the Sangh Parivar, followed a far longer period of gestation. Since the 1950s, its network of organisations has focused on ideological indoctrination and the circulation of ideas through popular culture, which Sarkar compares to philosopher Antonio Gramsci's theory of the "war of position", with the aim of ultimately creating a "''Hindu Rashtra''" ({{Literal translation|Hindu Nation}}). The growth of the Sangh Parivar has been driven by a combination of street violence, infiltration of the police, and collusion with centrist political and judicial leaders.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1993|pages=163–165}}
== List of organisations == thumb|Major organisations that make up the Sangh Parivar
The Sangh Parivar encompasses over 2,500 organisations across India and around the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2025 |title=New Investigation Lays Bare the Largest Far-Right Network in History |url=https://rssproject.caravanmagazine.in/press-release |website=The Caravan}}</ref> The following is a non-exhaustive list of notable organisations.
=== Political === * Jammu Praja Parishad, literally, "People's Council", a political party active in Jammu from 1947 to 1963. * Hindu Makkal Katchi, literally, "Hindu People's Party", a regional political party in Tamil Nadu * Bharatiya Jana Sangh, literally, "Indian People's Association" a political party that existed from 1951 to 1977. * Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), ''Indian People's Party'' (202 million as of 2024)<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Narendra-Modi-heaps-praise-on-Amit-Shah-as-BJP-membership-touches-10-crore/articleshow/46790420.cms Narendra Modi heaps praise on Amit Shah as BJP membership touches 10 crore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408125008/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Narendra-Modi-heaps-praise-on-Amit-Shah-as-BJP-membership-touches-10-crore/articleshow/46790420.cms |date=8 April 2015 }}, Times of India, 3 April 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/in-10-charts-how-bjp-became-a-political-juggernaut-in-4-decades/articleshow/90680606.cms | title=In 10 charts: How BJP became world's largest political party in 4 decades | newspaper=The Times of India | date=6 April 2022 }}</ref>
=== Economic and occupational === * Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha (BJYM) - ''Indian People's Youth Front'', BJP's Youth Wing * Bharatiya Kisan Sangh - ''Indian Farmers' Association'' (8 million as of 2002){{sfn|Jelen|2002|p=253}} * Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh - ''Indian Labourers' Association'' (10 million as of 2009){{sfn|Jelen|2002|p=253}} * Akhil Bharatiya Adhivakta Parishad - ''All India Lawyers' Council''{{sfn|Jaffrelot|2011|p=204}} * Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad - ''All India Students' Council'' (2.8 million as of 2011){{sfn|Jelen|2002|p=253}} * Swadeshi Jagaran Manch - ''Nativist Awakening Front''{{sfn|Chitkara|2004|p=169}}
=== Social services === * Deen Dayal Shodh Sansthan - for the development of rural areas on the basis of Integral Humanism (1.7 million as of 2002){{sfn|Jelen|2002|p=253}} * Bharat Vikas Parishad – Organisation for the development and growth of India in all fields of human endeavour (1.8 million as of 2002){{sfn|Jelen|2002|p=253}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bvpindia.com/parishad_sutra.html |title=Working for a Mission – physically, economically and morally strong India |work=bvpindia.com |access-date=1 March 2015 |archive-date=23 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423120249/http://www.bvpindia.com/parishad_sutra.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Seva Bharati - Organisation for service of the needy (founded in 1984) * Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/oct/04/sabarimala-ayyappa-seva-samajam-to-move-court-1880765.html|title=Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam to move court|website=The New Indian Express|date=4 October 2018 |access-date=18 June 2019|archive-date=18 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618080655/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/oct/04/sabarimala-ayyappa-seva-samajam-to-move-court-1880765.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * Nele - Home for destitute children<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduseva.org/ |title=Hindu Seva Pratishthana – |work=hinduseva.org |access-date=1 March 2015 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511183443/http://hinduseva.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram, ''Tribal Welfare Monastery''
=== Women === * Rashtra Sevika Samiti - ''National Volunteer Association for Women'' (1.8 million as of 2002){{sfn|Jelen|2002|p=253}} * Durga Vahini - Women's wing of Vishwa Hindu Parishad
=== Religious === * Vishwa Hindu Parishad - ''World Hindu Council'' (6.8 million as of 2002){{sfn|Jelen|2002|p=253}}<ref name="Ten-most">{{Cite news |title=Ten most aggressive fringe elements of the Parivar |date=26 May 2015 |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ten-most-aggressive-fringe-elements-of-the-Parivar/articleshow/47425807.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527091347/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ten-most-aggressive-fringe-elements-of-the-Parivar/articleshow/47425807.cms |archive-date=27 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> * Bajrang Dal - ''Brigade of Hanuman'' (3.8 million as of 2002) * Bhartiya Gau Raksha Dal, ''Indian Cow Protection Organisation'' * Hindu Jagarana Vedike - ''National Volunteer Association for men to protect the Hindus'' * Dharm Jagaran Samiti - ''Organisation for conversion of non-Hindus to Hinduism''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dharmjagran.org/|title=Dharm Jagran – घर वापसी|access-date=14 December 2014|archive-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217021029/http://dharmjagran.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> and their coordinating committee "Dharam Jagaran Samanvay Samiti"<ref name="Ten-most" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/rss-body-dharam-jagran-samiti-sets-fixed-rates-converting-muslims-christians-into-hindus-616924|title=RSS Body Dharam Jagran Samiti Sets Fixed Rates for Converting Muslims, Christians into Hindus|first=Udayan|last=Nag|date=12 December 2014|website=ibtimes.co.in|access-date=4 November 2022|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020085930/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/rss-body-dharam-jagran-samiti-sets-fixed-rates-converting-muslims-christians-into-hindus-616924|url-status=live}}</ref> * Rashtriya Sikh Sangat - a sociocultural organisation with the aim to spread the knowledge of Gurbani to the Indian society{{sfn|Chitkara|2004|p=168}} * Muslim Rashtriya Manch - '' National Front of Muslims'' * Hindu Rashtra Sena - propagating for the establishment of Hindu Rashtra<ref name="Ten-most" /><ref name="No-bail">{{Cite news |author=Thomas, Shibu |title=Hate speech: Bombay high court denies bail to Hindu Sena chief |date=29 March 2015 |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hate-speech-Bombay-high-court-denies-bail-to-Hindu-Sena-chief/articleshow/46731600.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402015135/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hate-speech-Bombay-high-court-denies-bail-to-Hindu-Sena-chief/articleshow/46731600.cms |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Regional === * Hindu Munnani - a religio-cultural organisation based in Tamil Nadu<ref name="Thirumaavalavan2003">{{citation |author=Thirumaavalavan |title=Talisman, Extreme Emotions of Dalit Liberation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsE2KwKwh0YC&pg=PA55 |year=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85604-68-8 |pages=55–}}</ref> * Hindu Makkal Katchi -a religio-cultural organisation based in Tamil Nadu and it works along with Hindu Munnani * Hindu Aikya Vedi, ''Hindu United Front'' based in Kerala<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/rss-to-infuse-young-blood-into-bjp/article8047586.ece RSS to infuse young blood into Kerala BJP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311123354/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/rss-to-infuse-young-blood-into-bjp/article8047586.ece |date=11 March 2020 }}, The Hindu, 31 December 2015.</ref>
=== Educational organisations === * Ekal Vidyalaya, ''Involved in free education and village development in rural areas and tribal villages of India.'' * Saraswati Shishu Mandir, ''School'' * Vidya Bharati Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Sansthan, ''Educational Institutes''
=== Socio-ethnic === * Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram, ''Organisation for the improvement of tribals'' * Friends of Tribals Society
=== News and communication === * Organiser, ''Magazine''<ref>Jaffrelot, Christophe (2011). Religion, Caste, and Politics in India.p 32, C Hurst & Co. {{ISBN|978-1849041386}}.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/rss-mouthpiece-analyses-what-is-wrong-with-kerala-sets-off-social-media-storm/article7872893.ece |title=RSS mouthpiece article on 'live-in relationships' in Kerala sets off social media storm |first=Rajeev |last=Pi |newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 November 2015 |access-date=24 September 2018 |archive-date=24 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924185522/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/rss-mouthpiece-analyses-what-is-wrong-with-kerala-sets-off-social-media-storm/article7872893.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> * Panchjanya, ''Magazine'' * Vishwa Samvad Kendra ''communication Wing, spread all over India for media related work, having a team of IT professionals'' * Hindustan Samachar ''a multi-lingual news agency.''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/at-90-rss-is-eyeing-a-major-makeover/article1-1274400.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011203502/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/at-90-rss-is-eyeing-a-major-makeover/article1-1274400.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2014 |title=Best of times for the RSS, it aims for makeover at 90}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://main.hindusthansamachar.com/ |title=Welcome to Hindusthan Samachar |work=hindusthansamachar.com |access-date=22 December 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214055539/http://main.hindusthansamachar.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hindustansamachar.in/ |title=Home |work=Hindustan Samachar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217080050/http://hindustansamachar.in/ |archive-date=17 December 2014}}</ref>
=== Think tanks === * Vivekananda Kendra, promotion of Swami Vivekananda's ideas with Vivekananda International Foundation in New Delhi as a "Public Policy Think Tank" with 6 Centres of study. * Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana (ABISY), ''All-India History Reform Project''
=== Overseas === * Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh, literally, ''Hindu Volunteer Association'' overseas wing of RSS * Hindu Students Council, ''Overseas Hindu Students' Wing''<ref name="Jelen 2002">{{cite book|last1=Jelen|first1=Ted Gerard|last2=Wilcox|first2=Clyde|title=Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: The One, The Few, and The Many.|date=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press.|isbn=978-0-521-65031-1|page=253|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6HFq0eyEK4QC&pg=PA344|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207082454/https://books.google.com/books?id=6HFq0eyEK4QC&pg=PA344|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=DP Bhattacharya, ET Bureau |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-04/news/52428512_1_vhp-leader-pravin-togadia-cow-slaughter |title=Communal skirmishes rising after Narendra Modi's departure from Gujarat |work=The Economic Times |date=4 August 2014 |access-date=14 August 2014 |archive-date=14 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814105715/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-04/news/52428512_1_vhp-leader-pravin-togadia-cow-slaughter |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Hindu American Foundation * National Hindu Students' Forum, Hindu student group in UK * India Development and Relief Fund, USA based charity<ref name="Davies Nyland">{{citation |editor-last=Davies |editor-first=Gloria |last=Nyland |first=Chris |title=Globalization in the Asian Region: Impacts and Consequences |year=2005 |publisher=Edward Elgar |location=Cheltenham |isbn=9781845422196 |page=207 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9xyPjnszC8C |access-date=9 May 2020 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207082517/https://books.google.com/books?id=S9xyPjnszC8C |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Others === * Samskrita Bharati, promotion of the Sanskrit language<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/rss-affiliated-samskrita-bharati-backs-prof-feroze-khan-s-appointment-at-bhu/story-DjCI3dYJJEIgJ9KiTveQtN.html RSS-affiliated Samskrita Bharati backs Prof Feroze Khan's appointment at BHU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927234518/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/rss-affiliated-samskrita-bharati-backs-prof-feroze-khan-s-appointment-at-bhu/story-DjCI3dYJJEIgJ9KiTveQtN.html |date=27 September 2021 }}, Hindustan Times 25 November 2019.</ref> * Central Hindu Military Education Society, ''to encourage more Hindus to join the Defence Services''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bhonsala.in/ |title=Central Hindu Military Education Society |publisher=Central Hindu Military Education Society |access-date=1 August 2016 |archive-date=30 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530152814/http://www.bhonsala.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Kreeda Bharati, ''Sports organisation.''<ref name="mangalorean.com">{{cite news |title=ABPS session begins in Puttur RSS leaders to focus on Corruption |date=12 March 2011 |publisher=Mangalore Media Company |url=http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=227040 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144440/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=227040 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="samvada.org">{{Cite news |title=RSS top 3day Annual meet Akhil Bharatiya Pratinidhi Sabha (ABPS), to be held on March 7–9 at Bangalore |date=3 March 2014 |publisher=Vishwa Samvada Kendra |url=http://samvada.org/2014/news/rss-top-3day-annual-meet-akhil-bharatiya-pratinidhi-sabha-abps-to-be-held-on-march-7-9-at-bangalore/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306184618/http://samvada.org/2014/news/rss-top-3day-annual-meet-akhil-bharatiya-pratinidhi-sabha-abps-to-be-held-on-march-7-9-at-bangalore |archive-date=6 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://samvada.org/2014/news/kreeda-bharati-karnataka-unit-inaugurated-at-mangaluru/ |title='Kreeda Bharati' Karnataka Unit inaugurated at Mangaluru |work=samvada.org |access-date=8 March 2015 |archive-date=26 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226214953/http://samvada.org/2014/news/kreeda-bharati-karnataka-unit-inaugurated-at-mangaluru/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==See also== * Bibliography of the Sangh Parivar
==External links== * [https://rssproject.caravanmagazine.in/network RSS Project] (2025) by Felix Pal & Christophe Jaffrelot ([https://data.sciencespo.fr/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.21410/7E4/XWKLEZ CC BY-SA dataset])
==References== {{Reflist}}
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{{Sangh Parivar}}
Category:Sangh Parivar Category:Political organisations based in India Category:Militant Hindu groups Category:Right-wing populism in India Category:Far-right politics in India Category:Fascist organizations