ROBO1

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Roundabout homolog 1''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ROBO1'' gene.<ref name="pmid9458045">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kidd T, Brose K, Mitchell KJ, Fetter RD, Tessier-Lavigne M, Goodman CS, Tear G | title = Roundabout controls axon crossing of the CNS midline and defines a novel subfamily of evolutionarily conserved guidance receptors | journal = Cell | volume = 92 | issue = 2 | pages = 205–15 |date=Feb 1998 | pmid = 9458045 | doi =10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80915-0 | s2cid = 2036419 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid9608531">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sundaresan V, Roberts I, Bateman A, Bankier A, Sheppard M, Hobbs C, Xiong J, Minna J, Latif F, Lerman M, Rabbitts P | title = The DUTT1 gene, a novel NCAM family member is expressed in developing murine neural tissues and has an unusually broad pattern of expression | journal = Mol Cell Neurosci | volume = 11 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 29–35 |date=Aug 1998 | pmid = 9608531 | doi = 10.1006/mcne.1998.0672 | s2cid = 7168171 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ROBO1 roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 1 (Drosophila)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6091}}</ref>

== Function ==

Bilateral symmetric nervous systems have special midline structures that establish a partition between the two mirror image halves. Some axons project toward and across the midline in response to long-range chemoattractants emanating from the midline. The protein encoded by ROBO1 is structurally similar to a Drosophila integral membrane protein which is encoded by the Drosophila roundabout gene (a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily) and is both an axon guidance receptor and a cell adhesion receptor, known to be involved in the decision by axons to cross the central nervous system midline. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for ROBO1.<ref name="entrez" />

== Clinical significance ==

''ROBO1'' was implicated in a communication disorder based on a Finnish pedigree with severe dyslexia. Analyses revealed a translocation had occurred disrupting ''ROBO1''.<ref name="pmid16254601">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hannula-Jouppi K, Kaminen-Ahola N, Taipale M, Eklund R, Nopola-Hemmi J, Kääriäinen H, Kere J | title = The axon guidance receptor gene ROBO1 is a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia | journal = PLOS Genet. | volume = 1 | issue = 4 | pages = e50 |date=October 2005 | pmid = 16254601 | pmc = 1270007 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010050 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Study of the phonological memory component of the language acquisition system suggests that ''ROBO1'' polymorphisms are associated with functioning in this system.<ref name="pmid20949370">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bates TC, Luciano M, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Wright MJ, Martin NG | title = Genetic variance in a component of the language acquisition device: ROBO1 polymorphisms associated with phonological buffer deficits | journal = Behav. Genet. | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–7 |date=January 2011 | pmid = 20949370 | doi = 10.1007/s10519-010-9402-9 | s2cid = 13129473 }}</ref> The gene is thought to be related to the brain's ability to represent quantities, and is correlated with better math scores of young children in one limited study.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-10-genetic-variation-differences-mathematical-ability.html|title = How genetic variation gives rise to differences in mathematical ability}}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== {{refbegin | 2}} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Sundaresan V, Chung G, Heppell-Parton A, etal |title=Homozygous deletions at 3p12 in breast and lung cancer |journal=Oncogene |volume=17 |issue= 13 |pages= 1723–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9796701 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1202103 |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhao XC, Zhang LM, Li Q, Tong DY, Fan LC, An P, Wu XY, Chen WM, Zhao P, Wang J |title=Isoflurane post-conditioning protects primary cultures of cortical neurons against oxygen and glucose deprivation injury via upregulation of Slit2/Robo1. |journal=Brain Res. |volume=1537 |pages= 283–9 |year= 2013 |pmid= 23994690 |doi=10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.036 |pmc=3820100}} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Brose K, Bland KS, Wang KH, etal |title=Slit proteins bind Robo receptors and have an evolutionarily conserved role in repulsive axon guidance |journal=Cell |volume=96 |issue= 6 |pages= 795–806 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10102268 |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80590-5 |s2cid=16301178 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Yuan W, Zhou L, Chen JH, etal |title=The mouse SLIT family: secreted ligands for ROBO expressed in patterns that suggest a role in morphogenesis and axon guidance |journal=Dev. Biol. |volume=212 |issue= 2 |pages= 290–306 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10433822 |doi= 10.1006/dbio.1999.9371 |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Bashaw GJ, Kidd T, Murray D, etal |title=Repulsive axon guidance: Abelson and Enabled play opposing roles downstream of the roundabout receptor |journal=Cell |volume=101 |issue= 7 |pages= 703–15 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10892742 |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80883-1 |s2cid=2715852 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Nguyen Ba-Charvet KT, Brose K, Ma L, etal |title=Diversity and specificity of actions of Slit2 proteolytic fragments in axon guidance |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=21 |issue= 12 |pages= 4281–9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11404413 |doi= 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-12-04281.2001|pmc=6762758 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Wong K, Ren XR, Huang YZ, etal |title=Signal transduction in neuronal migration: roles of GTPase activating proteins and the small GTPase Cdc42 in the Slit-Robo pathway |journal=Cell |volume=107 |issue= 2 |pages= 209–21 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11672528 |doi=10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00530-X |s2cid=2458943 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Dallol A, Forgacs E, Martinez A, etal |title=Tumour specific promoter region methylation of the human homologue of the Drosophila Roundabout gene DUTT1 (ROBO1) in human cancers |journal=Oncogene |volume=21 |issue= 19 |pages= 3020–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12082532 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1205421 |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Latil A, Chêne L, Cochant-Priollet B, etal |title=Quantification of expression of netrins, slits and their receptors in human prostate tumors |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=103 |issue= 3 |pages= 306–15 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12471613 |doi= 10.1002/ijc.10821 |s2cid=22859295 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Hivert B, Liu Z, Chuang CY, etal |title=Robo1 and Robo2 are homophilic binding molecules that promote axonal growth |journal=Mol. Cell. Neurosci. |volume=21 |issue= 4 |pages= 534–45 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12504588 |doi=10.1006/mcne.2002.1193 |s2cid=19664833 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang B, Xiao Y, Ding BB, etal |title=Induction of tumor angiogenesis by Slit-Robo signaling and inhibition of cancer growth by blocking Robo activity |journal=Cancer Cell |volume=4 |issue= 1 |pages= 19–29 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12892710 |doi=10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00164-8 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Hannula-Jouppi K, Kaminen-Ahola N, Taipale M, etal |title=The axon guidance receptor gene ROBO1 is a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia |journal=PLOS Genet. |volume=1 |issue= 4 |pages= e50 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16254601 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010050 | pmc=1270007 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Seyed Sadr M, Jabado N, etal |title=Inhibition of medulloblastoma cell invasion by Slit |journal=Oncogene |volume=25 |issue= 37 |pages= 5103–12 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16636676 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1209524 | pmc=2072874 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R, etal |title=The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3 |journal=Nature |volume=440 |issue= 7088 |pages= 1194–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16641997 |doi= 10.1038/nature04728 |bibcode=2006Natur.440.1194M |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Gröne J, Doebler O, Loddenkemper C, etal |title=Robo1/Robo4: differential expression of angiogenic markers in colorectal cancer |journal=Oncol. Rep. |volume=15 |issue= 6 |pages= 1437–43 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16685377 |doi= 10.3892/or.15.6.1437|doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Ito H, Funahashi S, Yamauchi N, etal |title=Identification of ROBO1 as a novel hepatocellular carcinoma antigen and a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=12 |issue= 11 Pt 1 |pages= 3257–64 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16740745 |doi= 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2787 |doi-access= free }} {{refend}}