RNAIII is a stable 514 nt regulatory RNA transcribed by the P3 promoter of the Staphylococcus aureus quorum-sensing agr system [1][2]). It is the major effector of the agr regulon, which controls the expression of many S. aureus genes encoding exoproteins and cell wall associated proteins plus others encoding regulatory proteins [3][4] The RNAIII transcript also encodes the 26 amino acid δ-haemolysin (Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin) peptide (Hld).[5] RNAIII contains many stem loops, most of which match the Shine-Dalgarno sequence involved in translation initiation of the regulated genes.[5] Some of these interactions are inhibitory, others stimulatory; among the former is the regulatory protein Rot.[6][7] In vitro, RNAIII is expressed post exponentially, inhibiting translation of the surface proteins, notably protein A, while stimulating that of the exoproteins, many of which are tissue-degrading enzymes or cytolysins.[8] Among the latter is the important virulence factor, α-hemolysin (or alpha toxin) (Hla), whose translation RNAIII activates by preventing the formation of an inhibitory foldback loop in the hla mRNA leader.[9]

References

  1. ^ Novick RP, Ross HF, Projan SJ, Kornblum J, Kreiswirth B, Moghazeh S (October 1993). "Synthesis of staphylococcal virulence factors is controlled by a regulatory RNA molecule". The EMBO Journal. 12 (10): 3967–75. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06074.x. PMC 413679. PMID 7691599
  2. ^ Waters LS, Storz G (February 2009). "Regulatory RNAs in bacteria". Cell. 136 (4): 615–28. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.043. PMC 3132550. PMID 19239884
  3. ^ Janzon L, Arvidson S (May 1990). "The role of the delta-lysin gene (hld) in the regulation of virulence genes by the accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus". The EMBO Journal. 9 (5): 1391–9. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08254.x. PMC 551825. PMID 2328718
  4. ^ Novick RP (June 2003). "Autoinduction and signal transduction in the regulation of staphylococcal virulence". Molecular Microbiology. 48 (6): 1429–49. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03526.x. PMID 12791129. S2CID 6847208
  5. ^ Benito Y, Kolb FA, Romby P, Lina G, Etienne J, Vandenesch F (May 2000). "Probing the structure of RNAIII, the Staphylococcus aureus agr regulatory RNA, and identification of the RNA domain involved in repression of protein A expression". RNA. 6 (5): 668–79. doi:10.1017/S1355838200992550. PMC 1369947. PMID 10836788
  6. ^ Geisinger E, Adhikari RP, Jin R, Ross HF, Novick RP (August 2006). "Inhibition of rot translation by RNAIII, a key feature of agr function". Molecular Microbiology. 61 (4): 1038–48. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05292.x. PMID 16879652. S2CID 229424
  7. ^ Boisset S, Geissmann T, Huntzinger E, Fechter P, Bendridi N, Possedko M, Chevalier C, Helfer AC, Benito Y, Jacquier A, Gaspin C, Vandenesch F, Romby P (June 2007). "Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII coordinately represses the synthesis of virulence factors and the transcription regulator Rot by an antisense mechanism". Genes & Development. 21 (11): 1353–66. doi:10.1101/gad.423507. PMC 1877748. PMID 17545468
  8. ^ Dunman PM, Murphy E, Haney S, Palacios D, Tucker-Kellogg G, Wu S, Brown EL, Zagursky RJ, Shlaes D, Projan SJ (December 2001). "Transcription profiling-based identification of Staphylococcus aureus genes regulated by the agr and/or sarA loci". Journal of Bacteriology. 183 (24): 7341–53. doi:10.1128/JB.183.24.7341-7353.2001. PMC 95583. PMID 11717293
  9. ^ Morfeldt E, Taylor D, von Gabain A, Arvidson S (September 1995). "Activation of alpha-toxin translation in Staphylococcus aureus by the trans-encoded antisense RNA, RNAIII". The EMBO Journal. 14 (18): 4569–77. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00136.x. PMC 394549. PMID 7556100

Further reading

  • Chevalier C, Boisset S, Romilly C, Masquida B, Fechter P, Geissmann T, Vandenesch F, Romby P (March 2010). "Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII binds to two distant regions of coa mRNA to arrest translation and promote mRNA degradation". PLOS Pathogens. 6 (3). doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000809. PMC 2837412. PMID 20300607
  • Coelho LR, Souza RR, Ferreira FA, Guimarães MA, Ferreira-Carvalho BT, Figueiredo AM (November 2008). "agr RNAIII divergently regulates glucose-induced biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus". Microbiology. 154 (Pt 11): 3480–3490. doi:10.1099/mic.0.2007/016014-0. PMID 18957601
  • Queck SY, Jameson-Lee M, Villaruz AE, Bach TH, Khan BA, Sturdevant DE, Ricklefs SM, Li M, Otto M (October 2008). "RNAIII-independent target gene control by the agr quorum-sensing system: insight into the evolution of virulence regulation in Staphylococcus aureus". Molecular Cell. 32 (1): 150–8. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.08.005. PMC 2575650. PMID 18851841
  • Huntzinger E, Boisset S, Saveanu C, Benito Y, Geissmann T, Namane A, Lina G, Etienne J, Ehresmann B, Ehresmann C, Jacquier A, Vandenesch F, Romby P (February 2005). "Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII and the endoribonuclease III coordinately regulate spa gene expression". The EMBO Journal. 24 (4): 824–35. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600572. PMC 549626. PMID 15678100
  • Chabelskaya S, Bordeau V, Felden B (April 2014). "Dual RNA regulatory control of a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor". Nucleic Acids Research. 42 (8): 4847–58. doi:10.1093/nar/gku119. PMC 4005698. PMID 24510101