{{Short description|German company}} {{other uses}} {{Infobox company | name = Renk Group AG | former_names = | logo = RENK Logo RGB.svg | logo_caption = | logo_alt = | type = Public | traded_as = {{FWB|R3NK|isin=DE000RENK730}}<br>SDAX | industry = Mechanical engineering | founded = {{Start date and age|1873}} | founder = Johann Julius Renk | hq_location_city = Augsburg, Bavaria | hq_location_country = Germany | key_people = {{plainlist| * Alexander Sagel (CEO), * Anja Mänz-Siebje (CFO), * Emmerich Schiller (COO), * Claus von Hermann (Chairman of the Supervisory Board)<ref>{{Cite news |access-date=12 December 2024 |title=Management Board |url=https://ir.renk.com/corporate-governance/ |work=Renk}}</ref>}} | products = | num_employees = 3,400 (2024)<ref name=ft>{{Cite news |last1=Nilsson |first1=Patricia |last2=Levingston |first2=Ivan |date=5 February 2024 |title=German defence contractor Renk revives IPO plans |url=https://www.ft.com/content/15db3efb-7e8e-41b1-8ea5-2ed3dba30995 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> | revenue = €1.1 billion<ref name=esut>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2024 |title=Continued strong growth for Renk in 2023 |url=https://esut.de/en/2024/03/meldungen/48501/weiterhin-starkes-wachstum-fuer-renk-2023/ |work=Esut |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> | revenue_year = 2024 | parent = | website = {{URL|renk.com}} }}
The '''Renk Group AG''' is a German global manufacturer of transmissions, engines, hybrid drive systems, vehicle suspension systems, plain bearings, couplings, and testing systems. The company builds special gearboxes for tanks, frigates, icebreakers, and industry and is a leading supplier of running gear and damping systems for tracked and wheeled military vehicles. Renk is headquartered in Augsburg and in addition to its headquarters, also manufactures in Rheine, Hannover, Winterthur, Bath, and Sterling Heights.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |first= |date=10 May 2022 |title=Presseinformationen 2022 |url=https://www.renk-group.com/fileadmin/Unternehmen/Aktuelles/Presse/2022/PR2/RENK_PR2_2022_Eroeffnung_Halle_18_de.pdf |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Renk |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706115130/https://www.renk-group.com/fileadmin/Unternehmen/Aktuelles/Presse/2022/PR2/RENK_PR2_2022_Eroeffnung_Halle_18_de.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":5" />
In 2022, the group achieved a turnover of €850 million and employed 3,000 people.<ref name=":4" /> About 70% of its turnover was generated by tank and marine gear units.<ref name=":0" /> Founded in 1873, the company has been either fully owned or majority-owned by private equity investor Triton since 2020.<ref name=":6" /> Renk returned to the Frankfurt Stock Exchange following an initial public offering in 2024.<ref name="2024-ipo">{{Cite news |date=7 February 2024 |title=German Defence Supplier Renk Makes Stock Market Return |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/german-defence-supplier-renk-makes-stock-market-return-a24807bc |work=Barron's |agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref>
==History== === 19th century === The company traces back to Johann Julius Renk (4 January 1848 – 3 November 1896). He completed an apprenticeship as a locksmith and lathe operator at Maschinenfabrik Augsburg, later MAN Group, and began working as a journeyman lathe operator at Maschinenfabrik L. A. Riedinger. During this time, Renk had the idea of a machine that could produce gears completely mechanically. The usual production process at that time consisted of two individual steps, the mechanical slitting of the wheel bodies and the manual filing of the finished gears using templates. In May 1873, Renk set up his own small workshop for the mechanical production of gears in Augsburg's Lechviertel district.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Reichenbach |first=Michael |date=1 July 1998 |title=25 Jahre Getriebe aus Augsburg Firmenportrait der Renk AG |journal=Antriebstechnik |language=de |publisher=Vereinigte Fachverlage |issue=7 |pages=8–9 |issn=0722-8546}}</ref>
First, he developed a semi-automatic spur gear planing machine that worked using templates. Barely four years after founding his workshop, he also designed and built a machine tool that could produce conical wheels, today known as bevel gears.<ref name=":2" /> For this invention, which caused a great stir among experts at the time, Renk was awarded the patent DRP 8000/79 in 1879 (production of the first involute gearing with a pressure angle of 14.5 degrees).<ref name=":2" /><ref name="IDCH Bd. 37">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Tina |title=International Directory of Company Histories, Bd. 37 |date=2001 |publisher=St. James Press |isbn=978-1558624429 |location=Detroit |pages=325}}</ref> In the same year, the company moved to the Göggingen district of Augsburg and established Renk's headquarters there, which still exist as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Konsequent weiter internationalisieren – die Renk Group auf Expansionskurs |url=https://www.hardthoehenkurier.de/index.php/news/9-news/3306-konsequent-weiter-internationalisieren-die-renk-group-auf-expansionskurs |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Hardthöhenkurier |language=de |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821151500/https://www.hardthoehenkurier.de/index.php/news/9-news/3306-konsequent-weiter-internationalisieren-die-renk-group-auf-expansionskurs |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1888, Renk owned 15 self-built gear planing machines, among other machine tools. His workforce consisted of 37 employees.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Majumdar |first=Anne |date=14 February 2022 |title=Susanne Wiegand, CEO of Renk |url=https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/manufacturing/susanne-wiegand/ |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=The CEO Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Two years later, the entrepreneur founded a factory health insurance fund for his workforce.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="IDCH Bd. 37" />
When Renk died in November 1896, his company employed over 100 workers who produced about 12,000 gears of all kinds every year. The turnover was around DM500,000. After the founder's death, his company was converted into a joint-stock company with the name Zahnräderfabrik Augsburg vorm. Joh. Renk Act. Ges. on 11 March 1897.<ref name=":2" /> The newly founded company acquired the company, including land, equipment and machinery, from Renk's heirs at a price of DM666,391.51.<ref name=":3">"Geschäftsbericht Renk Aktiengesellschaft 2002". ''Renk AG'' (in German), p. 77f.</ref> In the corporation's first fiscal year, the workforce consisted of 130 employees.<ref name="Geschäftsbericht_2002_79">"Geschäftsbericht Renk Aktiengesellschaft 2002". ''Renk AG'' (in German), p. 79.</ref>
===20th century=== In the years after the turn of the century, the company expanded production so that by 1913 around 700 people were employed. The company changed its name to Zahnräderfabrik Augsburg AG in the same year.<ref name=":2" /> In order to mitigate the consequences of the First World War and ensure the company's continued existence, it was incorporated into the mechanical engineering group Gutehoffnungshütte (GHH) from Oberhausen, which later became MAN, in 1923.<ref name="Antriebstechnik" /> Also that year, the company became publicly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.<ref name="2024-ipo" /> In the following years, Renk thus was able to benefit from clients within the group as well as from favourable sources of fuel, pig iron and steel.<ref name="Antriebstechnik">"125 Jahre Getriebe aus Augsburg – Firmenportrait der Renk AG". ''Antriebstechnik'' (in German). 1998, ISSN 0722-8546, p. 8–9.</ref> From 1926, ground gears were produced in Augsburg.<ref name=":2" />
In the years before and during the Second World War, the company was a major supplier for the German Wehrmacht.<ref name=":3" /> Forced labourers were used on a large scale during the Second World War. In August 1942, 180 men and 30 women from the territories of the Soviet Union alone were forced labourers at Renk.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Feyer |first=Sven |title=Die MAN im Dritten Reich: Ein Maschinenbauunternehmen zwischen Weltwirtschaftskrise und Währungsreform |date=2018 |publisher=Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG |isbn=978-3-8452-8562-7 |edition=1st |location=Baden-Baden |pages=217 |language=de}}</ref> In 1944, around 2,000 forced labourers for the Messerschmitt, Renk and Alpine companies were housed in the Sammellager V in Augsburg.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kučera |first=Wolfgang |title=Fremdarbeiter und KZ-Häftlinge in der Augsburger Rüstungsindustrie |publisher=AV Verlag |year=1996 |isbn=978-3-925274-28-2 |page=30,35 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Feyer |first=Sven |title=Die MAN im Dritten Reich – Ein Maschinenbauunternehmen zwischen Weltwirtschaftskrise und Währungsreform |publisher=Nomos Verlag |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-8487-4338-4 |page=217 |language=de}}</ref>
Among the most important customers after the Second World War were steel processing companies, such as the Group's sister company Schloemann, to which multiple large rolling mill gearboxes were supplied. By the end of the 1950s, sales had increased to around DM50 million and Renk employed over 1,400 workers.<ref name="Antriebstechnik" /> In the following decades, the company expanded its product range by acquiring rival companies. These acquisitions included the takeover of Eisenwerk Wülfel in Hannover in 1975<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weingarten |first=Rebecca |date=16 April 2015 |title=40 Jahre Renk Hannover |url=https://www.b4bschwaben.de/b4b-nachrichten/augsburg_artikel,-40-jahre-renk-hannover-_arid,145444.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=B4B Schwaben |language=de}}</ref> and the Tacke GmbH in Rheine in 1986. The French companies Société Européenne d'Engrenages (SEE) and Société d'Equipements, Systèmes et Mécanismes (SESM) joined Renk in 1989. Thus, the company expanded into the areas of plain bearings and flexible couplings through Wülfel, crown gear couplings and certain marine gears through Tacke, small marine reversing gears and brake discs through SEE as well as armoured gear units through SESM.<ref name=":2" />
The company was renamed to Renk Aktiengesellschaft (Renk AG) in 1987. In 1995, the merger of Renk Tacke GmbH with Renk AG was finally completed.<ref>"Die Renk AG kann auf den Mutterschutz verzichten". ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'' (in German). 31 October 1995.</ref> In 1998, Renk was represented at three German locations in Augsburg, Hanover and Rheine, as well as four locations abroad, two of which were in France and one each in the US and Romania. At that time, the group employed 1,700 people, who achieved a turnover of around DM500 million.<ref name=":2" />
===21st century=== In 2000, the Renk Corporation Labeco Division was formed when Renk Corporation, a division of the German Renk AG, purchased the test systems engineering business of the US Laboratory Equipment Corporation (Labeco).<ref>"Renk Aktiengesellschaft Jahresabschluss – Lagebericht für das Rumpfgeschäftsjahr vom 1. Juli bis 31. Dezember 2000". ''Bundesanzeiger'' (in German). 21 July 2001.</ref> At the same time, the product division Plain Bearings of A. Friedr. Flender AG joined the company.<ref>"Renk übernimmt Gleitlager-Sparte von Flender". ''Handelsblatt'' (in German). 12 October 2000.</ref> On 1 April 2004, the Test Systems business unit became legally independent and was spun off into Renk Test System GmbH.<ref>"Renk Aktiengesellschaft Jahresabschluss – Lagebericht für das Geschäftsjahr 2004". ''Bundesanzeiger'' (in German). 23 August 2005.</ref>
In 2007, the company made the headlines due to a bribery affair. A court of appeal in Paris issued suspended sentences against Renk board spokesman Manfred Hirt and his former deputy Norbert Schulze.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last=Robert-Diard |first=Pascale |date=15 December 2005 |title=Prison ferme pour Jean-Charles Marchiani |language=fr |work=Le Monde |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2005/12/15/prison-ferme-pour-jean-charles-marchiani_721659_3224.html |access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> Renk-Maag GmbH was also founded in the same year. Renk-Maag GmbH emerged in May from Winterthur-based Maag-Gear, which manufactured turbo gearboxes and spare parts as well as synchronization, manual, and gear clutches.<ref>"Lockere Schraube legt deutsche Kriegsschiffe lahm". ''Tages-Anzeiger'' (in German) 2 June 2009.</ref>
As of 2011, Renk AG was a member of the Volkswagen Group due to the majority takeover of MAN by Volkswagen AG. Volkswagen held 76% of the company's shares.<ref>{{cite web |last= |date=4 July 2011 |title=Übernahmemanöver: Volkswagen kauft Mehrheit an MAN |url=https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/uebernahmemanoever-volkswagen-kauft-mehrheit-an-man-a-772112.html |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Der Spiegel |publisher= |pages= |language=de |quote= }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Riedl |first=Anton |date=28 February 2023 |title=Börsenkandidat Renk: Der märchenhafte Wiederaufstieg des Leopard-Getriebebauers |url=https://www.wiwo.de/my/finanzen/boerse/boersenkandidat-renk-der-maerchenhafte-wiederaufstieg-des-leopard-getriebebauers/29007694.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=WirtschaftsWoche |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Fromm |first=Thomas |date=14 January 2023 |title=Boah, die macht jetzt Panzer. Renk-Chefin Wiegand in der Zeitenwende |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/zeitenwende-renk-susanne-wiegand-marder-ukraine-krieg-1.5731506 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Süddeutsche Zeitung |language=de}}</ref>
Renk Shanghai Service and Commercial Ltd. Co. was founded in 2012, which also resulted in the opening of a Renk service centre in Shanghai.<ref>"Renk Aktiengesellschaft Jahres- und Konzernabschluss zum Geschäftsjahr vom 01.01.2013 bis zum 31.12.2013". ''Bundesanzeiger'' (in German). 30 July 2014.</ref> In 2017, Renk AG acquired the Dutch company Damen Schelde Gears B.V., a manufacturer of marine gear units.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walter |first=Isabell |date=18 December 2017 |title=Augsburger Renk AG übernimmt niederländisches Unternehmen |url=https://www.b4bschwaben.de/b4b-nachrichten/augsburg_artikel,-augsburger-renk-ag-uebernimmt-niederlaendisches-unternehmen-_arid,252974.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=B4B Schwaben |language=de}}</ref> In the same year, the subsidiaries Renk Gears Private Ltd. in India and Renk Korea Co. Ltd. in South Korea were founded.<ref>{{cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Renk Gears Private Ltd. |url=https://connect2india.com/RENK-GEARS-PRIVATE-LIMITED/5208602 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821105530/https://connect2india.com/RENK-GEARS-PRIVATE-LIMITED/5208602 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Connect2India |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Drive technology and test systems for Korea |url=https://www.renk.com/en/company/about-renk/locations/south-korea |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Renk |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote= }}</ref> Further expansion followed with the acquisitions of Horstman Holdings Limited in the UK in 2019,<ref name=":1" /> the Combat Propulsion Systems division of defence contractor L3Harris Technologies in the US<ref name=":0" /> and General Kinetics in Canada, a specialist in suspension and running gear and supplier of mobility systems for wheeled and tracked armoured vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2023 |title=RenkGroup Acquires General Kinetics, the North American Leader in Suspension Systems for Combat Mobility from CIEL Capital |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230209005281/en/RENK-Group-Acquires-General-Kinetics-the-North-American-Leader-in-Suspension-Systems-for-Combat-Mobility-from-CIEL-Capital |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Businesswire |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
At the end of 2018, Renk AG was demerged from MAN SE into Volkswagen Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2019 |title=Getriebehersteller: VW will angeblich Verkauf von Renk bald starten |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/industrie/getriebehersteller-vw-will-angeblich-verkauf-von-renk-bald-starten/24420050.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Handelsblatt |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ströder |first=Martin |date=3 February 2020 |title=Freshfields stützt Tratons Navistar-Offerte, Linklaters steuert Renk-Verkauf |url=https://www.juve.de/deals/vw-umbau-freshfields-stuetzt-tratons-navistar-offerte-linklaters-steuert-renk-verkauf/ |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Juve |language=de-DE}}</ref>
In December 2020, the annual general meeting of Renk AG resolved to transfer the shares of its minority shareholders in return for cash compensation as part of a merger with Rebecca BidCo AG, a portfolio company of Triton Fund V, and subsequently to convert the AG into Renk GmbH.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Märkl |first=Angelina |date=7 October 2020 |title=Triton hat Kauf von VW-Tochter Renk abgeschlossen |url=https://www.b4bschwaben.de/b4b-nachrichten/augsburg_artikel,-triton-hat-kauf-von-vwtochter-renk-abgeschlossen-_arid,262366.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=B4B Schwaben |language=de}}</ref> In the subsequent appraisal proceedings before the Munich Regional Court, a total of 75 claimants objected to the amount of the cash compensation determined.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2022 |title=Renk AG: Spruchverfahren durch Vergleich beendet |url=https://www.spruchverfahren-direkt.de/?p=3108 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Spruchverfahren Direkt}}</ref> The proceedings were ended by a settlement. Renk was delisted from the stock exchange in February 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herr |first=Joachim |date=8 December 2021 |title=Renk beruft neuen Finanzchef |url=https://www.boersen-zeitung.de/personen/renk-beruft-neuen-finanzchef-c658bc86-5816-11ec-bddb-5d04eea0c334 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Börsen-Zeitung |language=de}}</ref>
In February 2024, Renk completed an initial public offering raising €500 million and was relisted on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, following which Triton continued to be a majority owner. KMW+Nexter Defense Systems became a minority owner, assuming nearly a 7% stake, while Wellington Management Company was another anchor investor.<ref name="2024-ipo" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Farr |first=Emma-Victoria |date=6 February 2024 |title=German defence supplier Renk increases IPO to 500 million euros |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/german-defence-supplier-renk-increases-ipo-500-million-euros-2024-02-06/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Krolle |first1=Hannah |last2=Schutze |first2=Arno |date=7 February 2024 |title=Blitzplatzierung von Renk geglückt – Aktie des Rüstungszulieferers steigt |trans-title=Renk's lightning placement was successful - the arms supplier's shares rise |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/finanzen/maerkte/aktien/ipo-blitzplatzierung-von-renk-geglueckt-aktie-des-ruestungszulieferers-steigt/100013119.html |work=Handelsblatt |language=de}}</ref>
== Corporate structure == Renk Holding GmbH is the parent company of the Renk Group. It holds an indirect interest in the operationally active Renk companies through its direct wholly owned shareholding in Renk FinCo GmbH.<ref name=":5">"Renk Holding GmbH. Konzernabschluss zum Geschäftsjahr vom 01.01.2021 bis zum 31.12.2021". ''Bundesanzeiger'' (in German). 30 August 2022.</ref> Renk is a wholly owned subsidiary of the private equity group Triton. The group achieved a turnover of €926 million in the year 2023<ref name="esut"/> and employed about 3,400 people in 2024.<ref name="ft" /> According to reports from 2022 and 2023, Renk generates about 70% of its turnover with tanks and marine gear units.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hartmann |first=Björn |date=15 May 2023 |title=Leopard 2, Puma, Leclerc: Ohne diese Firma fährt kein Panzer |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/wirtschaft/article238406939/leopard-2-panzer-puma-leclerc-renk-getriebe-nato-hersteller.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Berliner Morgenpost |language=de}}</ref> The group is divided into four independent strategic business units: Special Gear Units (Industrial and Marine), Vehicle Transmissions, Standard Gear Units and Plain Bearings.<ref name=":5" />
===Board of directors=== Since May 2021, the board of directors at Renk GmbH has consisted of the following persons: Claus von Hermann (chairman of the supervisory board), Horst Ott (employee representative), Swantje Conrad, Sascha Dudzik (employee representative), Cécile Duthell, Lothar Evers (employee representative), Johannes Meier, Adela Lieb (employee representative), Klaus Refle (employee representative), Mario Sommer (employee representative), Klaus Stahlmann and Rainer Martens.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Corporate governance |url=https://www.renk.com/en/company/about-renk/corporate-governance |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=Renk |language=en}}</ref>
===Employee representation=== {{See also|Volkswagen worker organizations}} The Renk Group has works councils at its Augsburg, Rheine, and Hanover sites.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2015 |title=Bei Renk stand die Produktion |url=https://www.igmetall-hannover.de/no_cache/aktuelles/meldung/bei-renk-stand-die-produktion/ |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=IG Metall Hannover |language=de-DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Arnold |first=Michael |date=15 November 2022 |title=MAN, Renk, Kuka: Neue Streikwelle erreicht Augsburg |url=https://www.b4bschwaben.de/b4b-nachrichten/augsburg_artikel,-man-renk-kuka-neue-streikwelle-erreicht-augsburg-_arid,268334.html |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=B4B Schwaben |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|year=2008|title=Firma Renk AG – Bekenntnis für Standort Hannover|journal=Metallzeitung|pages=30|url=https://www.igmetall-nieder-sachsen-anhalt.de/fileadmin/user/Dokumente/metall/2008-04_metall_nds-lsa.pdf}}</ref> The representatives of the work councils include six members of the supervisory board.<ref name=":10" />
===Locations and branches=== The Renk Group has manufacturing plants in Augsburg (vehicle, industrial and marine transmissions, test systems), Rheine (industrial and marine transmissions, couplings), Hanover (plain bearings, couplings), Starnberg (Renk Magnet-Motor), Bath in England, Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône in France (vehicle transmissions), Winterthur in Switzerland, Muskegon and Sterling Heights in the US and Canada, as well as a sales and design office in Sonthofen in the Allgäu region. In addition, Renk has its own representatives in over 100 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinoski |first=Jim |date=27 September 2021 |title=Germany's Renk Group Seeks To Revitalize An Iconic American Defense Manufacturer |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimvinoski/2021/09/27/germanys-renk-group-seeks-to-revitalize-an-iconic-american-defense-manufacturer/ |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Locations |url=https://www.renk.com/en/company/about-renk/locations |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Renk |language=en}}</ref>
===Subsidiaries=== The Group has the following subsidiaries:<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=(Nicht-)konsolidierte Unternehmen 2022 |url=https://www.renk.com/_Resources/Persistent/2/5/b/7/25b7d7501e71f8029de818ddb5963a0b8c5f9292/RENK%20-%20%28Nicht-%29konsolidierte%20Unternehmen%202022.pdf |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=Renk |language=de}}</ref> * Renk GmbH, Augsburg, Germany * Renk FinCo GmbH, Augsburg, Germany * Renk GmbH Rheine plant, Rheine, Germany * Renk Bearings GmbH, Hanover, Germany * Renk Magnet-Motor GmbH, Starnberg, Germany * Renk Test System GmbH, Augsburg, Germany * Renk America LLC, Muskegon (MI), US{{efn|Renk America LLC was formed in 2021 from the Combat Propulsion Systems business acquired from L3Harris Technologies.<ref name=":0" />}} * Renk Holdings Inc., Muskegon (MI), US{{efn|In the course of establishing Renk America LLC, Renk Holdings Inc. was founded to bundle all US activities.<ref name=":0" />}} * Renk America Marine & Industry LLC, Cincinnati (OH), US * Renk Corporation, Duncan (SC), US * Renk France S.A.S., Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône, France * Renk-Maag GmbH, Winterthur, Switzerland * Renk Systems Corporation, Camby (IN), US * Horstman Holdings Ltd., Bath, UK. * Horstman Defence Systems Limited, Bath, UK * Horstman Inc., Sterling Heights (MI), US * Horstmann Systems Inc., Woodbridge, Canada * Horstman Canada Inc., Brampton, Canada{{efn|Horstman Canada Inc. was formed in 2023 from the merger of the defence company General Kinetics with the existing centre of excellence in Canada.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Renk Group acquires North American Leader in Suspension Systems for Combat Mobility |url=https://www.renk.com/en/newsroom/news/press-releases-1/renk-group-acquires-north-american-leader-in-suspension-systems-for-combat-mobility-ontario-canada |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Renk |language=en}}</ref>}}<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=9 February 2023 |title=Renk Group Acquires General Kinetics, the North American Leader in Suspension Systems for Combat Mobility from CIEL Capital |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230209005281/en/RENK-Group-Acquires-General-Kinetics-the-North-American-Leader-in-Suspension-Systems-for-Combat-Mobility-from-CIEL-Capital |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Businesswire |language=en}}</ref> * Renk Holding Canada Inc., Toronto, Canada * Renk Korea Co. Ltd., Busan, South Korea * Renk Transmisyon Sanayi A.S., Istanbul, Türkiye * RENK Benelux (''formerly Schelde Gears'' ''B.V.''), Vlissingen, Netherlands * Modest Tree Media Inc., Halifax, Canada * Renk (UK) Ltd., London, UK (inactiv) * Cofical Renk Mancais do Brasil Ltd., Guaramirim, Brazil * Renk Gears Pvt. Ltd., Shoolagiri, India * Renk Shanghai Service and Commercial Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China * Renk U.A.E. LLC, Abu Dhabi, UAE
== Products == === Transmissions for tracked vehicles === List of all Renk transmissions for tracked vehicles:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fahrzeuggetriebe |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref>
* Main battle tanks ** ATREX (for a confidential application)<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATREX |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/atrex |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref> ** ESM 350 (for the PT-91M, Polish variant of the T-72 for Malaysia)<ref name=":12">{{cite web |url=https://docs.tuyap.online/FDOCS/23620.pdf |title=Transmissions for Military Tracked Vehicles |work=Renk |access-date=2024-11-25}}</ref> ** ESM 500 (for the French Army variant of the Leclerc)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lastschaltgetriebe ESM 500 |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/esm-500 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref> ** HMPT 500 (for the Bernardini MB-3 Tamoyo prototype) ** HSWL 295 (for the Leclerc tropicalisé, the Emirati variant)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lastschaltgetriebe HSWL 295 |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/hswl-295 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref> ** HSWL 295 TM (Challenger 2E, the 3 first batches of the K2 Black Panther, the prototype of the Altay and will be used with the Ariete C2)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Challenger 2E Main Battle Tank {{!}} Export model of the Challenger 2 |url=https://fighting-vehicles.com/tanks/challenger-2e-main-battle-tank/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=FightingVehicles.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Korean Tanks for Poland |url=https://www.defenceturkey.com/en/content/korean-tanks-for-poland-5400 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=www.defenceturkey.com}}</ref><ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Technologies |first=Italian Defence |date=2023-08-04 |title=Italian Army Ariete C2 Main Battle Tank Receives EUR 850 Million Modernization Deal |url=https://www.italiandefencetechnologies.com/italian-army-ariete-c2-main-battle-tank-receives-eur-850-million-modernization-deal/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Italian Defence Technologies |language=it-IT}}</ref> ** HSWL 354 (for the Leopard 2, the derivatives of the Leopard 2, the KF-51 Panther)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lastschaltgetriebe HSWL 354 |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/hswl-354 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref> ** HSWL354/2 (for the MBT-70 prototype) ** LSG 3000 (for the Ariete and the K1, in collaboration with ZF Friedrichshafen)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Import |first=M. V. S. |date=1999-02-14 |title=Renk/ZF |url=https://industrieanzeiger.industrie.de/allgemein/renkzf/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=Industrieanzeiger |language=de-DE}}</ref> ** RK 304 (Merkava Mark II, Merkava Mark 3 and the Ramses II (Egyptian T54))<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merkava |url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/400-Merkava |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=Weaponsystems.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deutsche Rüstungsexporte: Einzelansicht |url=http://ruestungsexport-info.de/no_cache/de/datenbank/einzelansicht.html?tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Baction%5D=show&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bcontroller%5D=Einzelgeschaeft&cHash=692c27cd022b3d65478920db3195a386&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Beinzelgeschaeft%5D=1547&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bland%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bcategory%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bunternehmen%5D=5&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdatestart%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdateend%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchword%5D= |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=ruestungsexport-info.de}}</ref> ** RK 304S (for the Arjun and the M60T tank)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lastschaltgetriebe RK 304S |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/rk-304-s |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref> ** RK 325 (for the Merkava IV)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lastschaltgetriebe RK 325 |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/rk-325 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref> ** HSWL 406, a transmission in development for future MBT (50 - 70 tons)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-25 |title=RENK entwickelt innovatives Getriebe für Kampfpanzer |url=https://www.hartpunkt.de/renk-entwickelt-innovatives-getriebe-fuer-kampfpanzer/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |language=de}}</ref> *Medium tanks **HSWL 204 (for the Tanque Argentino Mediano and the TH-301)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montes |first=Gareth Lynn |date=2020-06-05 |title=TH-301 |url=https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar-germany-th-301/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=Tank Encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/disp_old_pdf.cfm?ARC_ID=1188 |title=TH 300 (TAM - Tanque Argentino Mediano) and TH 301 |work=Forecast International |date=1998 |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> *Light tanks **HSWL 106C (for the Sabrah light tank)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deutsche Rüstungsexporte: Einzelansicht |url=http://ruestungsexport-info.de/no_cache/de/datenbank/einzelansicht.html?tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Baction%5D=show&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bcontroller%5D=Einzelgeschaeft&cHash=7ba4d4f1c3d42d5a5fd90b81bc46cf07&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Beinzelgeschaeft%5D=745&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bland%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bcategory%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bunternehmen%5D=5&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdatestart%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdateend%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchword%5D= |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=ruestungsexport-info.de}}</ref> *Tank hunters **HSWL 123 (Jaguar 1, Jaguar 2, Kanonenjagdpanzer)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-20 |title=Cold War Tank Hunter |url=https://www.keymilitary.com/article/cold-war-tank-hunter |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=www.keymilitary.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaguar {{!}} Weaponsystems.net |url=https://old.weaponsystems.net/weaponsystem/CC02%20-%20Jaguar.html |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=old.weaponsystems.net}}</ref> *Infantry fighting vehicles: ** ESM 280<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-05 |title=RENK entwickelt mit ESM 280 Getriebe für schwere gepanzerte Radfahrzeuge |url=https://www.hartpunkt.de/renk-entwickelt-mit-esm-280-getriebe-fuer-schwere-gepanzerte-radfahrzeuge/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |language=de}}</ref> ** HMPT (for the K21, the Bradley)<ref name=":11" /> ** HMPT-500EC (for the Bionix AFV)<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2006 |title=Factsheet: BIONIX II : Capabilities and Technical Specifications |url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/MINDEF_20061023001/MINDEF_20061023003.pdf}}</ref> ** HSWL 106 (for the ASCOD vehicle, ULAN and Pizarro / the Tulpar and the Mowag Trojan prototypes)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lastschaltgetriebe HSWL 106 |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/hswl-106 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref> ** HSWL 194 (for the Marder)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ulrich´s Referenzbilder - Marder 1 A3 |url=https://www.ulrichwrede.de/rundgang-um-fahrzeuge/sch%C3%BCtzenpanzer/marder-1-a3/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=www.ulrichwrede.de |language=de}}</ref> ** HSWL 204 (for the {{ill|TAM VCTP|lt=|es|TAM VCTP}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deutsche Rüstungsexporte: Einzelansicht |url=http://ruestungsexport-info.de/no_cache/de/datenbank/einzelansicht.html?tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Baction%5D=show&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bcontroller%5D=Einzelgeschaeft&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Beinzelgeschaeft%5D=179&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bcategory%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bland%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchword%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bunternehmen%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bpage%5D=59&cHash=e290f5ec0c0483fe8b6bacbe97f8b47d |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=ruestungsexport-info.de}}</ref> ** HSWL 256 (for the Ajax, ASCOD 2, Boxer (tracked), Puma and Lynx KF41)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lastschaltgetriebe HSWL 256 |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/hswl-256 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ES&T Redaktion |date=2025-07-05 |title=Renk HSWL 256B-Getriebe für lettische Schützenpanzer Ascod |url=https://esut.de/2025/07/meldungen/61194/renk-hswl-256b-getriebe-fuer-lettische-schuetzenpanzer-ascod/ |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=esut.de |language=de}}</ref> ** HSWL 284C (for the {{ill|Marder 2 IFV|lt=Marder 2 prototype|de|Marder 2}}) ** LSG 1500 (for the Dardo, in collaboration with ZF Friedrichshafen)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deutsche Rüstungsexporte: Einzelansicht |url=http://ruestungsexport-info.de/no_cache/de/datenbank/einzelansicht.html?tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Baction%5D=show&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bcontroller%5D=Einzelgeschaeft&cHash=1f8f3b376899a73cb72073178f20aaf1&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Beinzelgeschaeft%5D=90&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bland%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bcategory%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bunternehmen%5D=5&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdatestart%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdateend%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchword%5D= |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=ruestungsexport-info.de}}</ref> ** RK 304 (for the Namer)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-21 |title=Ashot Ashkelon liefert weitere Antriebskomponenten für Merkava und Namer - S&T - Soldat & Technik |url=https://soldat-und-technik.de/2024/08/mobilitaet/39470/ashot-ashkelon-liefert-weitere-antriebskomponenten-fuer-merkava-und-namer/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=soldat-und-technik.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> * Multi-role armoured vehicles: ** HMPT (for the AMPV)<ref name=":11" /> ** HSWL 076 (for the Patria Trackx)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-10 |title=Neues Renk-HSWL 076-Getriebe im Trackx von Patria vorgestellt |url=https://esut.de/2025/09/meldungen/63326/neues-renk-hswl-076-getriebe-im-trackx-von-patria-vorgestellt/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=esut.de |language=de}}</ref> ** HSWL 096 (for the M113) * Self-propelled Howitzer: ** HMPT (for the M109A7)<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Getriebe der Serie HMPT |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/hmpt |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref> ** HMPT-500EC (for the SSPH 1 Primus)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Factsheet – Singapore Self-Propelled Howitzer 1 Primus |url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/MINDEF_20031124001/MINDEF_20031124003_1.pdf}}</ref> ** HSWL 106 (for the DONAR AGM) ** HSWL 204 (for the VCA Palmaria) ** HSWL 284 (for the SP70 prototype) ** HSWL 284C (for the PzH2000)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lastschaltgetriebe HSWL 284C |url=https://www.renk.com/de/produkte/fahrzeugantriebe/fahrzeuggetriebe/hswl-284-c |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Trusted Partner |language=de}}</ref> ** LSG 2000 (for AS90, in collaboration with ZF Friedrichshafen)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/disp_old_pdf.cfm?ARC_ID=1113 |title=Artillery System 90 155 mm Self-Propelled Howitzer |date=2000 |work=Forecast International |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> *Multiple launch rocket system **HMPT (for the M270 MLRS)<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-05-01 |title=RENK America Awarded $100 Million US Army Contract for HMPT Transmission - MilitaryLeak.COM |url=https://militaryleak.com/2024/05/01/renk-america-awarded-100-million-us-army-contract-for-hmpt-transmission/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=militaryleak.com |language=en-US}}</ref> **HSWL 204 (for the {{ill|TAM VCLC|lt=|es|TAM VCLC}}) * Air defence vehicles ** HSWL 194 (for the AMX30 R Roland) *Engineering vehicles **HSWL 284 M (for the Keiler)
=== Transmissions for wheeled vehicles === * HCV106 (used for the Iklwa <small>(Ratel 6×6)</small>)<ref>{{Cite web |title=BAE Systems Iklwa (Military vehicles) - Trucksplanet |url=https://trucksplanet.com/models/bae-systems-iklwa/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=trucksplanet.com}}</ref> * RECO606 (used for the Fennek<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deutsche Rüstungsexporte: Einzelansicht |url=http://ruestungsexport-info.de/no_cache/de/datenbank/einzelansicht.html?tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Baction%5D=show&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bcontroller%5D=Einzelgeschaeft&cHash=cdbc3af5167cd9fdff5f22978c5b83ee&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Beinzelgeschaeft%5D=444&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bland%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bcategory%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bunternehmen%5D=5&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdatestart%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdateend%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchword%5D= |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=ruestungsexport-info.de}}</ref> and the Puma 4×4 and 6×6,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deutsche Rüstungsexporte: Einzelansicht |url=http://ruestungsexport-info.de/no_cache/de/datenbank/einzelansicht.html?tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bpage%5D=2&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bland%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bcategory%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bunternehmen%5D=5&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchword%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Baction%5D=show&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bcontroller%5D=Einzelgeschaeft&cHash=beca31e2ce5760084cd2c852171450f6&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Beinzelgeschaeft%5D=1285 |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=ruestungsexport-info.de}}</ref> and used as prototype for the ERC90 Sagaie modernised<ref>{{cite web |author=C. F. Foss |date=2008 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294374630 |title=Panhard presents Sagaie armour and mobility upgrade |work=ResearchGate |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> and the Aligator 4×4<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deutsche Rüstungsexporte: Einzelansicht |url=http://ruestungsexport-info.de/no_cache/de/datenbank/einzelansicht.html?tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Baction%5D=show&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bcontroller%5D=Einzelgeschaeft&cHash=2e1a789003b37340433a6f18467ed04e&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Beinzelgeschaeft%5D=661&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bland%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bcategory%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bunternehmen%5D=5&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdatestart%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchdateend%5D=&tx_ruestungsexport_ruestungsexporte%5Bfilter%5D%5Bsearchword%5D= |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=ruestungsexport-info.de}}</ref>)
==Criticism== ===Controversial arms exports=== In the past, there has been repeated criticism that arms manufactured by German companies are exported to crisis and conflict regions, contrary to legal regulations. In particular, exports to countries such as Saudi Arabia or Algeria have been criticized.<ref name="ZEIT">{{Cite web |last=Friedrichs |first=Hauke |date=6 June 2013 |title=Tödliche Puzzlestücke |url=https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F2013%2F24%2Fwaffenexporte |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Die Zeit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wolf-Dieter |first=Vogel |date=6 March 2017 |title=Deutsche Waffen für Nahost |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/kaum-gebremst-deutsche-waffen-fuer-nahost-100.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de}}</ref> Renk participates in such programmes, and a significant part of Renk's sales is generated by the production of gearboxes for tanks and warships.<ref name="ZEIT" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2011 |title=Renk |url=https://www.b4bschwaben.de/b4b-nachrichten/augsburg_artikel,-renk-_arid,103280.html |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=B4B Schwaben |language=de}}</ref> In reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the public view of exports of German military equipment to foreign countries changed. Since then, Renk, like other companies, has been attested to be a necessary manufacturer for the sector.<ref>Murphy, Martin (1 March 2023). "Die Umsatzmilliarde fest im Visier". ''Handelsblatt'' (in German).</ref><ref name=":8" />
===Bribery scandal=== On 29 September 1993, Renk AG signed a contract with GIAT for the supply of transmissions for 436 Leclerc tanks.<ref name="Urteil">{{cite web |last= |date=19 March 2008 |title=Cour de cassation, criminelle, Chambre criminelle |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichJuriJudi.do?idTexte=JURITEXT000018396615 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Legifrance |publisher= |pages= |language=fr |format= |quote= }}</ref> Turnover from this transaction amounted to approximately €100 million. The tanks were manufactured for the United Arab Emirates.<ref>"Renk sieht trotz roter Zahlen wieder Land". ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'' (in German). 6 December 1993.</ref> To secure this contract, Renk board spokesman Manfred Hirt and his deputy Norbert Schulze paid bribes amounting to a total of 5.13 million German marks to Jean-Charles Marchiani and Yves Manuel. Marchiani was an advisor to the French Minister of the Interior, Charles Pasqua, during this period and later prefect of the Var department. A consultancy contract of 19 September 1993 with the company Irish Euro Agencies Ltd served as a cover for the money payment. The money was first paid into an account at the Westminster Bank in London and then channelled into two Swiss accounts.<ref name="Urteil" />
Marchiani was sentenced to three years' imprisonment without probation and a fine of €150,000 for bribery. Yves Manuel received a three-year suspended sentence and a fine of €150,000 for complicity in bribery of a public official.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite web |last= |date=1 March 2007 |title=M. Marchiani a été doublement condamné en appel à de la prison ferme |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2007/03/01/m-marchiani-a-ete-doublement-condamne-en-appel-a-de-la-prison-ferme_877940_3224.html |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Le Monde |publisher=Le Monde |pages= |language=fr |quote= }}</ref> The sentences imposed on Hirt and Schulze under French law were also upheld by the Paris Court of Appeals in March 2007. Both received 18-month suspended sentences and fines of €100,000 each.<ref name=":7" /> Manfred Hirt resigned from his position as Spokesman of the Board of the Renk AG and handed it over to Florian Hofbauer effective 31 August 2007, and left the board completely at the end of 2007.<ref>"Florian Hofbauer wird im September Vorstand der Reng AG in Augsburg". ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' (in German). 29 May 2007.</ref>
==References== {{notelist}} {{reflist}}
==Literature== * {{Cite book |last=Hohmann |first=Victor-Georg |title=Augsburger Wirtschaftsalmanach |publisher=Archiv-Verlag |year=1952 |location=Augsburg |language=de}} * {{cite book |editor-surname1=Günther Grünsteudel |title=Augsburger Stadtlexikon |edition=2nd |publisher=Perlach-Verlag |at= |isbn=978-3-9227-6928-6 |date=1998 |language=German}} *{{cite book |last=Feyer |first=Sven |title=Die MAN im Dritten Reich – Ein Maschinenbauunternehmen zwischen Weltwirtschaftskrise und Währungsreform |publisher=Nomos Verlag |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-8487-4338-4 |location=Baden-Baden |language=de}} * {{cite book |last=Kučera |first=Wolfgang |title=Fremdarbeiter und KZ-Häftlinge in der Augsburger Rüstungsindustrie |publisher=AV Verlag |year=1996 |isbn=978-3-9252-7428-2 |language=de}}
==External links== * [https://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/co/018949 Early documents and newspaper articles on Renk GmbH] in der 20th century Press Archives * [https://www.renk.com Renk Official Website] * [https://www.lobbyregister.bundestag.de/suche/R000345 Entry] in the lobby register of the German Bundestag
{{Automotive industry in Germany}} {{MDAX companies}}
Category:Manufacturing companies of Germany Category:2024 initial public offerings Category:Companies based in Augsburg Category:Companies established in 1873 Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange