RAPGEF2

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}} {{Infobox_gene}} '''Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2''' is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAPGEF2'' gene.<ref name="pmid9205841">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Nakajima D, Ohira M, Seki N, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Res | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 141–50 |date=September 1997 | pmid = 9205841 | doi =10.1093/dnares/4.2.141 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid10934204">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rebhun JF, Castro AF, Quilliam LA | title = Identification of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rap1 GTPase. Regulation of MR-GEF by M-Ras-GTP interaction | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 275 | issue = 45 | pages = 34901–8 |date=November 2000 | pmid = 10934204 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M005327200 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RAPGEF2 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9693}}</ref>

RAPGEF2 is a cyclic AMP binding protein.<ref name="pmid10801446">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pham N, Cheglakov I, Koch CA, de Hoog CL, Moran MF, Rotin D | title = The guanine nucleotide exchange factor CNrasGEF activates ras in response to cAMP and cGMP | journal = Curr. Biol. | volume = 10 | issue = 9 | pages = 555–8 |date=May 2000 | pmid = 10801446 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00473-5| s2cid = 16896523 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2000CBio...10..555P }}</ref><ref name="pmid23800469">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emery AC, Eiden MV, Mustafa T, Eiden LE | title = Rapgef2 Connects GPCR-Mediated cAMP Signals to ERK Activation in Neuronal and Endocrine Cells | journal = Sci Signal | volume = 6 | issue = 281 | pages = ra51 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23800469 | doi = 10.1126/scisignal.2003993 | pmc=3932028}}</ref>

== Function ==

Members of the RAS subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP-regulated switches that cycle between inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) such as RAPGEF2 serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to maintain the active GTP-bound state and are the key link between cell surface receptors and RAS activation.<ref name="pmid10934204" />

== Interactions ==

RAPGEF2 has been shown to interact with RAP1A<ref name="pmid10934204" /> and RALGDS.<ref name="pmid7809086">{{cite journal | vauthors = Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR | title = Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 91 | issue = 26 | pages = 12609–13 |date=December 1994 | pmid = 7809086 | pmc = 45488 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609| bibcode = 1994PNAS...9112609S | doi-access = free }}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== {{refbegin | 2}} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, etal |title=A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction. |journal=Anal. Biochem. |volume=236 |issue= 1 |pages= 107–13 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8619474 |doi= 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, etal |title=Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 4 |pages= 353–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9110174 |doi= 10.1101/gr.7.4.353| pmc=139146 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Ohtsuka T, Hata Y, Ide N, etal |title=nRap GEP: a novel neural GDP/GTP exchange protein for rap1 small G protein that interacts with synaptic scaffolding molecule (S-SCAM) |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=265 |issue= 1 |pages= 38–44 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10548487 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1619 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Liao Y, Kariya K, Hu CD, etal |title=RA-GEF, a novel Rap1A guanine nucleotide exchange factor containing a Ras/Rap1A-associating domain, is conserved between nematode and humans |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 53 |pages= 37815–20 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10608844 |doi=10.1074/jbc.274.53.37815 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=de Rooij J, Boenink NM, van Triest M, etal |title=PDZ-GEF1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor specific for Rap1 and Rap2 |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 53 |pages= 38125–30 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10608883 |doi=10.1074/jbc.274.53.38125 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal | vauthors=Chikumi H, Fukuhara S, Gutkind JS |title=Regulation of G protein-linked guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho, PDZ-RhoGEF, and LARG by tyrosine phosphorylation: evidence of a role for focal adhesion kinase |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 14 |pages= 12463–73 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11799111 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M108504200 |doi-access= free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Wistow G, Bernstein SL, Wyatt MK, etal |title=Expressed sequence tag analysis of adult human lens for the NEIBank Project: over 2000 non-redundant transcripts, novel genes and splice variants |journal=Mol. Vis. |volume=8 |pages= 171–84 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12107413 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Aurandt J, Vikis HG, Gutkind JS, etal |title=The semaphorin receptor plexin-B1 signals through a direct interaction with the Rho-specific nucleotide exchange factor, LARG |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 19 |pages= 12085–90 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12196628 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.142433199 | pmc=129402 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9912085A |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, etal |title=Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes |journal=Genome Res. |volume=16 |issue= 1 |pages= 55–65 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16344560 |doi= 10.1101/gr.4039406 | pmc=1356129 }} *{{cite journal |vauthors=Hisata S, Sakisaka T, Baba T, etal |title=Rap1-PDZ-GEF1 interacts with a neurotrophin receptor at late endosomes, leading to sustained activation of Rap1 and ERK and neurite outgrowth |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=178 |issue= 5 |pages= 843–60 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17724123 |doi= 10.1083/jcb.200610073 | pmc=2064548 }} {{refend}}