RAF Rufforth

{{Short description|Former Royal Air Force base in Yorkshire, England}} {{Use British English|date=January 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox military installation | name = RAF Rufforth | ensign = Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg | ensign_size = 90px | native_name = | partof =  | location = [[Rufforth]], [[North Yorkshire]] | country = England | image =  | caption = Handley Page Halifax V of 1663 HCU | image2 =  | alt2 = | caption2 = | type = [[List of former Royal Air Force stations|Royal Air Force station]] | coordinates = {{coord|53|56|54|N|001|11|04|W|type:airport_region:GB|display=inline,title}} | gridref = | pushpin_map = North Yorkshire#UK | pushpin_map_caption = Shown within North Yorkshire | pushpin_label = RAF Rufforth | pushpin_label_position = left | ownership = [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] | operator = [[Royal Air Force]] | controlledby = [[RAF Bomber Command]] | open_to_public =  | site_other_label =  | site_other =  | site_area =  | code =  | built = {{Start date|1941}} | used = 1942 - {{End date|1974}} | builder = | fate = | condition = | battles = [[European theatre of World War II]] | events = | past_commanders =  | garrison =  | occupants =  | designations = | website = | footnotes =   | IATA = | ICAO = | LID = | GPS = | WMO = | elevation = {{Convert|16|m|0}} | r1-number = 06/24 | r1-length = {{Convert|1812|m|0}} | r1-surface = [[Concrete]] | r2-number = 11/29 | r2-length = {{Convert|1234|m|0}} | r2-surface = Concrete | r3-number = 18/36 | r3-length = {{Convert|1280|m|0}} | r3-surface = Concrete | h1-number = | h1-length =  | h1-surface = | airfield_other_label =  | airfield_other =   }} '''Royal Air Force Rufforth''' or '''RAF Rufforth''' is a former [[Royal Air Force]] [[Royal Air Force station|station]] located near [[Rufforth]] in [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]]. It was used by only one operational squadron on long-range bombing missions during the [[World War II|Second World War]], with most flying dedicated to conversion units under the auspices of nearby [[RAF Marston Moor]]. Post-war, the RAF used the site to house maintenance units, gliding schools and observation flights. It was completely disposed of by the MoD in 1981, and now is used for civilian light aircraft and glider flying.

==History== The site at RAF Rufforth was surveyed by the [[Air Ministry]] in 1940,{{sfn|Otter|2003|p=207}} and built by [[John Laing & Son Ltd]] for the Royal Air Force in 1941 (completed 1942), it is located on the south side of the village.<ref>[http://www.controltowers.co.uk/R/Rufforth.htm/ Control Towers UK - Rufforth (website accessed: 27/07/10)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515114729/http://www.controltowers.co.uk/R/Rufforth.htm |date=15 May 2009 }}</ref> The airfield had one B1 and two T2 hangars and 36 aircraft hard standings and there was accommodation for 1,531 males and 251 females of all ranks.<ref>[http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/s63.html/ Royal Air Force - Bomber Command History - RAF Rufforth (website accessed 27/07/10)]</ref> During construction, the base was used several times by aircraft form the Conversion units based at nearby airfields.{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|pp=159–160}} For most of its wartime life, the base operated as a sub-station of nearby RAF Marston Moor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Let there be flight |url=https://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/7871495.let-there-be-flight/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=York Press |date=21 January 2005}}</ref>

The airfield was officially opened at the start of November 1942,{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|p=160}} with [[No. 158 Squadron RAF|No. 158 Squadron]] becoming the first squadron to arrive from [[RAF East Moor]] with Halifax bombers.<ref>{{cite web |title=158 SQUADRON ASSOCIATION RECORDS |url=https://www.eastriding.gov.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=zDDX2062 |website=www.eastriding.gov.uk |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> The squadron was initially used on long-range bombing missions to Italy (Genoa being a frequent target), which led to a high attrition rate due to aircraft often running out of fuel and having to land elsewhere or crashing.{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|p=160}}{{sfn|Otter|2003|pp=207–208}} By the time No. 158 Squadron were moved to RAF Lissett in February 1943, they had lost numerous aircraft and nine crews, 61 one of whom had been killed over enemy territory.{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|pp=160–161}}

No. 1663 Heavy Conversion Unit was stood up at Rufforth in early March 1943 operating ex-operational Halifaxes, which required considerable maintenance from the ground crews.{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|p=161}} Later variants of Halifaxes were added to the unit's complement, and by 1944, it was operating 16 Lancaster aircraft too.{{sfn|Delve|2006|p=223}} Later, in the same year, with other aircraft swelling the inventory (including some fighter aircraft), the base was transferred from No. 4 Group to No. 7 Group, which was part of training command.{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|p=162}} With the disbandment of No. 1663 HCU following the end of the war in Europe, lighter training aircraft moved to Rufforth in the form of No. 23 Gliding School and No. 64 Group Communications Flight.{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|p=162}}

For the summer of 1945, RAF Rufforth was home to No. 8 ACHU (Air Crew Holding Unit).<ref>{{cite web |title=8 Aircrew Holding Unit, Rufforth (ACHU UK). |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7160780 |website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> Other non-flying units based at RAF Rufforth in the 1940s and 1950s included [[No. 5131 (BD) Squadron RAF|No. 5131 Bomb Disposal Squadron]], No.54 and No. 60 Maintenance Units.<ref>{{cite web |title=No 5131 Bomb Disposal Squadron, Doncaster, moved to Rufforth Dec. 1946. With appendices |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/record?catid=5033097&catln=6 |website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Maintenance Unit: No 60 MU, Rufforth. With appendices |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C4102280 |website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref>

==Units based at RAF Rufforth== {| class="wikitable" |+Royal Air Force units based at RAF Rufforth<ref>{{cite web |title=Rufforth - Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust UK |url=https://www.abct.org.uk/airfields/airfield-finder/rufforth/ |website=www.abct.org.uk |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> !Unit !Dates !Notes !Ref |- |No. 35 Conversion Flight |September 1942 – 7 October 1942 |Posted to RAF Marston Moor with No. 158 Conversion Flight as 1652 Heavy Conversion Unit | |- |[[No. 158 Squadron RAF|No. 158 Squadron]] |November 1942 – February 1943 |Formed at Driffield in 1942, the squadron was to use RAF Lissett, but came to Rufforth just before Lissett was operational |<ref>[http://www.158squadron.co.uk/ 158 Squadron history - Bases - For operations with Coastal Command, 7/25 Nov 1942]</ref> |- |[[List of Royal Air Force Conversion Units|No. 1663 Heavy Conversion Unit]] |2 March 1943 – 28 May 1945 | |{{sfn|Lake|1999|p=55}} |- |No. 23 Gliding School |1948 – 1955 |Formed at RAF Yeadon, the unit was reformed in 1955 as No. 642 Gliding School |{{sfn|Lake|1999|p=111–112}}{{sfn|Delve|2006|p=223}} |}

===Aircraft losses=== A total of 18 aircraft flying from RAF Rufforth were lost in accidents including one at [[Bishop Wilton Wold]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ranter |first1=Harro |title=Accident Handley Page Halifax Mk V DK192, 07 Feb 1944 |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=172778 |website=aviation-safety.net |access-date=18 February 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://www.yorkstories.co.uk/memorials/bomber_memorials_nr_york.php/ York Stories - Memorials: lost crews of World War Two (website accessed: 27 July 2010])</ref>

==Post war== [[Image:North End of Runway, Rufforth Airfield.jpg|thumb|A glider on the north end of the runway at Rufforth in 1982]] RAF Rufforth was home to 642 Gliding School for several years whilst being part of [[No. 60 Maintenance Unit RAF]], the RAF left in 1974 and the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence (MOD)]] sold the site in 1981.{{sfn|Halpenny|1982|pp=162–163}}

The historic airfield site is split into two parts. [https://rufforthairfield.uk/ Rufforth East] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309195446/https://rufforthairfield.uk/ |date=9 March 2021 }} based on the eastern part of the site is surrounded by an arable farm owned by the Becketts, a local farming family who own the airfield. A number of hangars house resident aircraft including Microlights, [[Autogyro]]s and Fixed Wing aircraft. Aircraft operate off the 05/23 runway which is ~500 metres long using a north–south link taxiway to get from the apron to the runway. Occasionally the taxiway is utilised by Autogyros when the wind is from the North or South due to their ability to land short, typically requiring only 0–20 metres of runway length to stop.

Flight training is provided by resident instructors and LAA Coaches for Microlight, Fixed Wing aircraft and Autogyros. The airfield has an onsite café with an outdoor terrace.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cafe |url=https://www.yorkflyingclub.com/our-cafe/ |website=yorkflyingclub.co.uk |access-date=15 April 2021 |date=20 March 2019}}</ref>

The other hard runway 10/28 at Rufforth East is used to offer courses in stunt riding and also used by the Police for advanced driving including tactical pursuit training. The perimeter track of Rufforth East is used by a motorcycle training academy offering courses to motorcyclists to enhance safety.

Rufforth West is owned by The York Gliding Centre, a [[Community Amateur Sports Club]] (CASC), which operates a small fleet of single and two seat gliders off runway 17/35 and the west end of runway 05/23. Pilots visiting Rufforth West, must ring the club for prior permission to land and must not overfly Rufforth East or Rufforth village to the north of the airfield. The centre section of runway 05/23 was dug up, and the land returned to agricultural use. Runway 11/29 is disused and is occasionally used by a local motorcycle safety training company for safety courses.

==Airline TV series== [[File:C-47b dakota g-ampy arp.jpg|thumb|A DC3 (C47) used in filming during 1982]] {{main|Airline (1982 TV series)}} The ITV fictional drama series "Airline" was partially filmed at the airfield in 1982.<ref>[http://www.memorabletv.com/episodeguides/airline.htm/ Memorable TV- Airline, Ruskin Air (website accessed: 27/07/10)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227043627/http://www.memorabletv.com/episodeguides/airline.htm |date=27 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ruskin-air-services.co.uk/ Ruskin Air Services(website accessed: 27/07/10)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503223838/http://www.ruskin-air-services.co.uk/ |date=3 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Colditz and Raffles star Anthony Valentine dies age 76 |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/colditz-and-raffles-star-anthony-valentine-dies-age-76-1808223 |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=The Yorkshire Post |date=2 December 2015}}</ref>

'''Airline''' was a period drama series set at the end of the Second World War. Its main character is Jack Ruskin (played by [[Roy Marsden]]) who as a demobbed RAF transport pilot tries to set up his own airline using a [[Douglas DC-3]]/[[Douglas C-47 Skytrain]].

The series also starred Polly Hemingway as Jennie, Richard Heffer as Peter Witney, Sean Scanlan as Mc Evoy and [[Terence Rigby]] as Ernie Cade.

The series ran for 9 Episodes.

==Notable personnel== *[[Cyril Joe Barton]], was posted to RAF Rufforth in 1943, converting to a Halifax aircraft on No. 1663 HCU<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bowyer |first1=Chaz |title=For valour : the air VCs |date=2002 |publisher=Caxton Editions |location=London |isbn=1840672404 |page=352}}</ref> *[[John Pohe]], was posted to RAF Rufforth in 1943, converting to a Halifax aircraft on No. 1663 HCU<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burn |first1=Chris |title=The Great Escape at 75: Yorkshire village's special connection to Maori pilot involved in break-out |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/great-escape-75-yorkshire-villages-special-connection-maori-pilot-involved-break-out-1757818 |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=The Yorkshire Post |date=25 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Porokoru Patapu Pohe - 51 Squadron |url=https://internationalbcc.co.uk/about-ibcc/news/porokoru-patapu-pohe-51-squadron/ |website=International Bomber Command Centre |access-date=15 April 2021 |date=21 January 2021}}</ref>

==See also== *[[List of former Royal Air Force stations]] *[[Rufforth Circuit]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

===Bibliography=== *{{cite book |last1=Delve |first1=Ken |title=Northern England : Co. Durham, Cumbria, Isle of Man, Lancashire, Merseyside, Manchester, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear, Yorkshire |date=2006 |publisher=Crowood |location=Ramsbury |isbn=1-86126-809-2}} *{{cite book |last1=Halpenny |first1=Bruce Barrymore |title=Action stations. |date=1982 |publisher=Stephens |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-85059-532-0}} *{{cite book |last1=Lake |first1=Alan |title=Flying units of the RAF : the ancestry, formation and disbandment of all flying units from 1912 |date=1999 |publisher=Airlife |location=Shrewsbury |isbn=1-84037-086-6}} *{{cite book |last1=Otter |first1=Patrick |title=Yorkshire airfields in the Second World War |date=2003 |publisher=Countryside Books |location=Newbury |isbn=1-85306-542-0}}

==External links== {{Commons category|RAF Rufforth}} * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083378/ IMDB - Airline (1982)]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rufforth}} [[Category:Gliderports in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Military airbases established in 1942]] [[Category:Royal Air Force stations in Yorkshire]] [[Category:Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Rufforth]] [[Category:Military airbases closed in 1981]]