RAF Kirkbride

{{Short description|Former RAF airfield in Cumbria, England}} {{Use British English|date=September 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} {{Infobox military installation | name = RAF Kirkbride | ensign = 90px | partof =  | nearest_town = Kirkbride, Cumbria | country = England | image = Hangar RAF Kirkbride.jpg | alt = A hangar which is in use, but looks semi-derelict | caption = Hangar RAF Kirkbride | type = Royal Air Force station | coordinates = {{Coord|54.882|-3.204|display=inline, title}} | gridref = NY228548 | pushpin_map = Cumbria#UK | pushpin_map_caption = Shown within Cumbria | ownership = Air Ministry | operator = Royal Air Force | controlledby = RAF Maintenance Command | open_to_public = Yes | built = 1938–1939 | used = 1939–1960 | fate = Disposed of; private ownership | ICAO = EGZF | elevation =  | r1-number = | r1-length = {{Convert|1,400|yd|0}}{{#tag:ref|The dimensions are for the airfield when open at the start of the Second World War. The main runway is listed as now being {{convert|1,233|m|order=flip}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Site/Airfield Details {{!}} NOTAM Info |url=https://notaminfo.com/showsite?siteid=84147 |website=notaminfo.com |access-date=29 August 2022}}</ref>|name=Lengths of runway|group=note}} | r1-surface = | r2-number = 10/28 | r2-length = {{Convert|1,250|yd|0}} | r2-surface = | r3-number = | r3-length = {{Convert|1,000|yd|0}} | r3-surface = | airfield_other_label =  | airfield_other =  }} '''Royal Air Force Kirkbride''' or more simply '''RAF Kirkbride''' is a former Royal Air Force Second World War era airfield in the village of Kirkbride, Cumbria, England. Opened in June 1939, the base was intended to be an aircraft repair depot, as its location was deemed to be far enough away from the threat of enemy aircraft. After the Second World War, the site remained open as a maintenance unit and a disposal airfield for redundant aircraft. It was closed in 1960.

== History == The site was acquired in 1937, and intended to be operational by December 1939, however, this was brought forward six months, and the airbase was operating by June 1939. Building work continued post-opening, with the first hangar not being completed until the end of July 1939.{{sfn|Smith|1990|p=108}}{{sfn|Delve|2006|p=156}} In the planning stage, the airfield was intended to be an ASU (aircraft storage unit), rather than an ARD (aircraft repair depot), which is what it became with the work of No. 12 MU.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Royal Air force builds for war : a history of design and construction in the RAF, 1935-1945 |orig-date=1956|date=1997 |publisher=Stationery Office |location=London |isbn=0117724696|page=68 }}</ref> The first aircraft arrived by rail, as the runway was not ready until the autumn of 1939.{{sfn|Smith|1990|p=108}} The station was provided with 15 hangars at the outset; one type-C, four type-D hangars, six type-E, and four type-L.{{sfn|Delve|2006|p=157}} Historic England states that at the closure of the base in 1960, the site had expanded to include 38 hangars in total.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kirkbride Airfield |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1401051&resourceID=19191 |website=www.heritagegateway.org.uk |access-date=29 August 2022}}</ref> The runways were not long enough, a Liberator had trouble making an effective landing in 1941, and so approval was given to lengthen the runways, but this was not completed until 1943.{{sfn|Smith|1990|p=109}}

Most of the pilots operating out of the base were part of the Air Transport Auxiliary; one of whom described a particularly clever attack a by a Luftwaffe pilot flying a Messerschmitt Bf 110, which looked like a Hampden. The aircraft lowered its landing gear and waggled its wings to mimic the procedures used by ATA pilots when they coming in to land. The bomber then applied thrust and strafed the base dropping at least three bombs on Kirkbride.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schrader |first1=Helena |title=Sisters in arms |date=2006 |publisher=Pen & Sword Aviation |location=Barnsley |isbn=1844153886 |page=127}}</ref>

No. 12 Maintenance Unit remained at the base for the duration of Kirkbride's RAF existence. 12 MU's motto was ''Nunquam intermittere cursum'' ({{langx|la|Never to break flight}}).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pine|first1=L G|title=A dictionary of mottoes|date=1983|publisher=Routledge and Kegan Paul|location=London|isbn=0-7100-9339-X|page=159}}</ref> By the summer of 1945, when offensive operations by the air forces in Europe were winding down, the nature of the base changed from a servicing unit to that of a storage unit. In July 1945, the number of aircraft stored at Kirkbride was 930, which had risen to 1,206 stored airframes by November of the same year.{{sfn|Smith|1990|p=109}}

An inquiry during a session of Parliament in 1958, revealed that during the 1955–1956 financial year, over £100,000 ({{Inflation|UK|100,000|1956|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}) was spent on repairing aircraft at the base.<ref>{{cite web |title=No. 12 Maintenance Unit, Kirkbride (Hansard, 16 July 1958) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1958/jul/16/no-12-maintenance-unit-kirkbride |website=api.parliament.uk |access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>

== Post closure == The RAF abandoned the site in 1960, but it was considered as a possible ground station for the American MIDAS system, though in the eventuality, it was never used.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stocker |first1=Jeremy |title=Britain and ballistic missile defence, 1942-2002 |date=2004 |publisher=Frank Cass |location=London |isbn=0714656968 |page=104}}</ref> The plan was that it would remain under RAF control, initially stated to be part of Fighter Command, and furnished with three radomes each about {{convert|100|ft}} in diameter, (similar to the initial equipment at RAF Fylingdales).<ref>{{cite news |title=British Midas Station Will Give Six-Minute Warning |work=The Times |issue=55138 |date=20 July 1961 |page=9|issn=0140-0460}}</ref>

The site is part of the Solway Military Trail, which details access to parts of the site via existing footpaths.<ref>{{cite web |title=RAF Kirkbride |url=https://www.solwaymilitarytrail.co.uk/trail-attractions/raf-kirkbride/ |website=Solway Military Trail |access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> The former officers mess building has been converted into a hotel, and most of the hangars are now used for agricultural purposes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Forgotten airfields europe |url=https://www.forgottenairfields.com/airfield-kirkbride-963.html |website=www.forgottenairfields.com |access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>

As an aerodrome, it remains open to light and recreational aviation, with {{convert|1,280|m}} of hard runway available.<ref>http://kirkbrideairfield.weebly.com/airfield-info.html</ref>

== Units == *No. 1 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF - 1940 to 1943. The OTU was based at nearby RAF Silloth, but routinely used Kirkbride for training flights.{{sfn|Smith|1990|p=108}} *No. 12 Maintenance Unit (41 Maintenance Command) - 5 June 1939 to 30 June 1960.{{sfn|Smith|1990|p=108}}{{sfn|Delve|2006|pp=157-158}} *No. 16 Ferry Pilots Pool (Air Transport Auxiliary) - July 1941 to September 1945.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lake |first1=Alan |title=Flying units of the RAF : the ancestry, formation and disbandment of all flying units from 1912 |date=1999 |publisher=Airlife |location=Shrewsbury |isbn=1-84037-086-6 |page=24}}</ref>

== Notes == {{reflist|group="note"}}

== References == {{reflist}}

=== Sources === *{{cite book |last1=Delve |first1=Ken |title=Northern England : Co. Durham, Cumbria, Isle of Man, Lancashire, Merseyside, Manchester, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear, Yorkshire |date=2006 |publisher=Crowood |location=Ramsbury |isbn=1-86126-809-2}} *{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=David J. |title=Action stations. 3, Military airfields of Wales and the North-West |date=1990 |publisher=Stephens |location=Cambridge |isbn=1-85260-375-5 |edition=2}}

== External links == *[https://ourairports.com/airports/GB-0005/changes.html EGZF information] *[https://www.abct.org.uk/airfields/airfield-finder/kirkbride/ Kirkbride on Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kirkbride, RAF}} Category:Royal Air Force stations in Cumbria Category:Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom Category:Military airbases established in 1939 Category:Military airbases closed in 1960