Quebec Maple Syrup Producers

{{Short description|Canadian agricultural cartel}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox organization | name = Quebec Maple Syrup Producers<br />{{lang|fr|Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec}} | image_border = | image_size = | image_alt =  | caption = | abbreviation = QMSP | former_name = Federation of Quebec Maple Syrup Producers | formation = 1966 ({{Years ago|1966}} years ago) | logo = Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec logo.svg | type = Cartel<ref name="cartel">{{Cite book |last1=Gwartney |first1=James D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tTUNEAAAQBAJ&dq=the+fpaq+is+a+cartel&pg=PA481 |title=Economics: Private & Public Choice |last2=Stroup |first2=Richard L. |last3=Sobel |first3=Russell S. |last4=Macpherson |first4=David A. |date=2021-01-01 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-357-13427-6 |pages=481 |language=en}}</ref> | region_served = Quebec | membership = 13,500 maple syrup producers<ref name="c363">{{cite web | title=Quebec Maple Syrup Producers | website=PPAQ | date=2025-08-05 | url=https://ppaq.ca/en/ | access-date=2025-08-10}}</ref> | language = French, English | leader_title = President | leader_name = Luc Goulet<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the People of Québec Maple Syrup Producers |url=https://ppaq.ca/en/maple-producing-regions/meet-people-quebec-maple-syrup-producers/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=PPAQ |language=en-CA}}</ref> | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | key_people = | main_organ =  | parent_organization =  | affiliations =  | budget = | num_staff = | num_volunteers = | website = {{Official URL}} }} [[File:Siroperable.JPG|right|thumb|Syrup production in a Quebec sugar house (2005)]] '''Quebec Maple Syrup Producers''' ('''QMSP'''; {{Langx|fr|Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du Québec, PPAQ}}) is a federated organization that regulates the production and marketing of maple syrup from Quebec. It was known as the '''Federation of Quebec Maple Syrup Producers''' ({{langx|fr|Fédération des producteurs acéricoles du Québec, FPAQ}}) until 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The QMSP Story |url=https://ppaq.ca/en/our-organization/our-dna/the-qmsp-story/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=PPAQ |language=en-CA}}</ref> As of 2011, the FPAQ produced 94% of Canadian maple syrup and 77% of the world's supply.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/quebec-maple-syrups-strategic-reserve/article575625/|title=Quebec: Maple syrup's strategic reserve|last=Trichur|first=Rita|date=2011-04-05|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=2012-09-01|location=Toronto}}</ref>

The QMSP plays a role in the collective marketing of maple products and in organizing sales inside and outside the province.

==History== Beginning in 1958, the maple syrup producers of Beauce region in the south of Quebec participated in a joint plan to protect their rights as producers and to collectively market maple syrup. This effort inspired the formation of a larger agreement all across Quebec in 1966.

Since 1989, all QMSP’s producers abide by a collective agreement to market their product. Together, the producers establish policies, negotiate their selling strategy, enforce production quota, set up quality criteria and sponsor promotional activities. The QMSP collaborates with the ACER centre to conduct research and experiments on maple syrup.

In 2000, the Federation became the exclusive sales agent for bulk sales and in 2004, they reformed the quota system.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lapresse.ca/affaires/economie/agroalimentaire/201803/08/01-5156569-les-acericulteurs-quebecois-perdent-des-parts-de-marche.php|title=Les acériculteurs québécois perdent des parts de marché {{!}} Julien Arsenault {{!}} Agroalimentaire|date=2018-03-08|work=La Presse|access-date=2018-03-08|language=fr-CA}}</ref> In 2017, the federation had to add five million taps due to the rise of foreign competition.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-maple-syrup-production-increase-1.3990828|title=Quebec increases maple syrup production amid internal revolt, foreign competition|work=CBC News|access-date=2018-03-09|language=en}}</ref>

==Promotion and marketing== {{Unreferenced section|date=December 2021}} thumb|Logo until 2018 The QMSP is involved in many promotional activities that aim to spread the maple syrup market around the world. The QMSP hosts culinary competitions within Quebec but also in Japan and the United States. The QMSP has held showcases in Hiroshima and free maple syrup tastings as promotional activities. Chefs and professionals from Hiroshima participated in a culinary competition that included an original recipe using maple syrup in 2010. The QMSP aims to spread consumer awareness of their product in Japan in order to increase their consumption and Quebec’s exportation. The QMSP has engaged into an agreement with Tokyo DisneySea, a Disney theme park, to promote maple syrup and encourage people in Japan to purchase and consume it.{{cn|date=May 2022}} Market strategies in Quebec are common as well; however they aim to further educate and to keep the maple syrup legacy alive in the future generations. Culinary competitions involving traditional family recipes aspire to do so. Teachers are encouraged to educate their students on maple trees and the production of maple syrup with the help of a newly published maple syrup encyclopedia.

==Strategic reserve== The QMSP maintains a strategic reserve of maple syrup, officially known as the '''International Strategic Reserve''' ('''ISR''') and also referred to as the '''Global Strategic Maple Syrup Reserve'''. The reserve is used to support global maple syrup prices and supply, and has been called "the OPEC of the maple syrup world" by ''The Economist''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-02/the-great-canadian-maple-syrup-heist|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102221138/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-02/the-great-canadian-maple-syrup-heist|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 January 2013|title=The great Canadian maple syrup heist|last=Borrell|first=Brendan|publisher=Bloomberg Business|date=2 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2013/09/maple-syrup-canada|title=Sticky fingers|newspaper=The Economist|date=19 September 2013}}</ref> A barrel is worth about $1,200 or $2.88 per pound which is 10-18 times the value of U.S. crude oil.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/inside-quebecs-maple-syrup-black-market/|title=Inside Quebec's maple syrup cartel|work=VICE News|access-date=2018-03-09|language=en}}</ref>

The reserve is located in warehouses in a number of rural Quebec towns. The first two facilities were in Saint-Antoine-de-Tilly (which holds {{convert|6300|t|ST|lk=in|disp=or}}), and Plessisville (which holds {{convert|1400|t|ST|disp=or}}).<ref name="WSJ20120831">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443864204577623482582471766 |first=David |last=George-Cosh|title=Canada Thieves Pull Off Big Maple-Syrup Heist|work=The Wall Street Journal |date=2012-08-31|access-date=2012-09-01}}</ref>

=== History === [[File:Acer 135-1.jpg|thumb|Strategic maple syrup reserve barrels in Laurierville]] The strategic reserve was created in 2000.<ref name="auto">{{cite web| url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/maple-syrup-strategic-reserve-1.6268352| title = Why Canada is unlocking its vault of maple syrup {{!}} CBC News}} </ref>

In 2008, following multiple years of poor production, the reserves were depleted, causing a price hike and the loss of markets for pure maple syrup.<ref name="auto"/>

In 2011, a year which saw huge excesses of maple syrup production, FPAQ expanded the ISR to a third warehouse in Saint-Louis-de-Blandford, which holds {{convert|4500|t|ST}} of syrup.<ref name="WSJ20120831"/><ref name="NYT20121219">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/20/business/arrests-made-in-maple-syrup-theft-from-quebec-warehouse.html?pagewanted=all|title=In $18 Million Theft, Victim Was a Canadian Maple Syrup Cartel|work=The New York Times|date=2012-12-19|access-date=2012-12-20|first=Ian|last=Austen}}</ref>

In August 2012, thieves were reported to have stolen roughly {{convert|1000|t|ST}} of syrup worth CA$30 million from the new ISR facility in Saint-Louis-de-Blandford. This event is known informally as the Great Canadian Maple Syrup Heist. The amount stolen was about a quarter of the facility's reserve.<ref name="WSJ20120831"/> Slightly over a month later, police seized maple syrup stocks from a Kedgwick, New Brunswick, exporter on suspicion that it had been purchased from a Quebec supplier connected to the ISR theft.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/missing-quebec-maple-syrup-seized-in-new-brunswick/article4585027/|first=Tu-Tranh |last=Ha |title= Police seize hundreds of barrels of syrup possibly linked to Quebec maple heist |work=The Globe and Mail|date=2012-10-03|access-date=2012-10-03 |location=Toronto}}</ref> Over the next three months, police had further success in locating portions of the stolen syrup, but were still unsure of the final disposition of about one third of it. Much of it had apparently been sold to buyers who were unaware of its origins and who were led to believe it had been produced in neighbouring New Brunswick. On 18 December, police arrested three men known to have access to the warehouse from which the syrup was stolen.<ref name="NYT20121219"/> Fifteen more people were arrested on 20 December,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bizjournals.com/index.php/buffalo/blog/morning_roundup/2012/12/number-of-arrests-soars-to-18-for.html | title=Number of arrests soars to 18 for maple syrup heist}}</ref> with police still looking for another seven.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1305042--quebec-police-arrest-more-suspects-in-maple-syrup-heist|title=Quebec police arrest more suspects in maple syrup heist|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=20 December 2012}}</ref> The theft and its backstory are featured in the Netflix documentary series ''Dirty Money'', Season 1, Episode 5.

On 28 April 2017, accused ringleader Richard Vallières, convicted in November 2016, was sentenced to eight years in prison and a $9.4 million fine. He can choose another six years of prison over paying the fine, and appealed the conviction. The missing syrup was valued at {{convert|3000|t|ST}} and $18.7 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/richard-vallieres-sentencing-1.4090811|title=Ringleader in maple syrup heist gets 8 years in prison, $9.4M fine|publisher=CBC}}</ref> A few days earlier, his accomplice, Avik Caron, was sentenced to 5 years in prison and a $1.2-million fine.<ref name=NationalPostApril2017>{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/sweet-revenge-for-quebec-maple-syrup-producers-thief-gets-five-years-for-role-in-18-7-million-heist|title=Sweet revenge for Quebec maple syrup producers: Thief gets five years for role in $18.7 million heist|work=CBC|date=24 April 2017|last1=Hamilton |first1=Graeme }}</ref> The Supreme Court of Canada rejected Vallières's appeal in March 2022.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/montreal/article/sweet-justice-ringleader-of-canadas-notorious-maple-syrup-heist-must-pay-more-than-9m-in-fines-top-court-rules/|title=Sweet justice: Ringleader of Canada's notorious maple syrup heist must pay more than $9M in fines, top court rules|author=Amy Luft|date=March 31, 2022|publisher=CTV News}}</ref>

On 25 January 2018, maple syrup producers Nathalie Bombardier and Daniel Gaudreau had their supply seized by the Sûreté du Québec, due to their refusal to sell their surplus production through the Federation. Instead Bombardier and Gaudreau prefer to sell their supply directly to businesses.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.journaldemontreal.com/2018/01/25/trois-autos-de-la-sq-pour-saisir-leur-sirop-derable|title=Trois autos de la SQ pour saisir leur sirop d'érable|last=Dumont|first=Marie-Ève|work=Le Journal de Montréal|access-date=2018-02-13|language=fr-CA}}</ref>

In 2021, the QMSP announced it would release {{convert|22.7|e6kg|e6lb|abbr=off}}<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/business-a-lobbying/583335-canada-tapping-reserve-maple-syrup-supply-amid|title=Canada tapping reserve maple syrup supply amid shortage|first=Maureen|last=Breslin|date=29 November 2021|website=The Hill}}</ref> of maple syrup from the reserves to meet global demand. The maple syrup industry experienced record years in 2019, 2020 and 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/the-maple-syrup-reserve-serving-its-purpose-in-a-time-of-high-demand-891210412.html|title=The Maple Syrup Reserve: Serving its Purpose in a Time of High Demand|first=Producteurs et productrices acéricoles du|last=Québec|website=www.newswire.ca}}</ref> Experts believe an increase in home cooking due to the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the increased demand for maple syrup production.<ref name="auto"/>

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== *{{Official website}} * [http://www.centreacer.qc.ca/?L=En ACER Centre] *{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/multimedia/2015/4/canada-syrup-cartel.html|title=Canada's maple syrup cartel puts squeeze on small producers|last=Cecco|first= Leyland|date=12 April 2015|publisher=Al Jazeera America|access-date=12 April 2015}}

Category:Food made from maple Category:Agricultural organizations based in Canada Category:Economy of Quebec Category:Agricultural marketing organizations Category:1966 establishments in Quebec Category:Organizations established in 1966 Category:Cartels