Qiongshan, Haikou

{{Infobox settlement | name = Qiongshan | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|琼山区}}}} | official_name = | other_name = Kiungshan; Chiungshan | settlement_type = [[District (China)|District]] | nickname = | motto = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = ChinaHaikouQiongshan.png | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | pushpin_map = China Hainan | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Hainan | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Hainan]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Prefecture-level city]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Haikou]] | seat_type = | seat = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 =  | leader_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 928.62 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2002 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 360000 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_mi2 = | timezone = [[China standard time]] | utc_offset = +8 | coordinates = {{coord|20.0032|N|110.3540|E|format=dms|type:adm3rd_region:CN-46_source:Gaode|display=it}} | elevation_footnotes =  | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type =  | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = }} {{Infobox Chinese |title=Qiongshan|order=st |s={{linktext|琼山}} |t={{linktext|瓊山}} |p=Qióngshān |l=[[Chinese jade|Jade]]{{nbsp}}Mountain |psp=Kiungshan |w=Ch‘iung-shan }} {{Infobox Chinese |title=Former names |altname=Qiongzhou |s2={{linktext|琼州}} |t2={{linktext|瓊州}} |p2=Qióngzhōu |l2=[[Chinese jade|Jade]]{{nbsp}}[[zhou (administrative division)|Prefecture]] |psp2=Kiungchow |w2=Ch‘iung-chou }}

'''Qiongshan District''', [[postal map romanization|alternately]] [[romanization of Chinese|romanized]] as '''Kiungshan''', is a [[District (China)|district]] in [[Haikou City]], Hainan.

==History== As '''Qiongzhou''', formerly romanized as '''Kiungchow''',{{efn|Other romanizations of Qiongzhou include '''Keung-chow Foo'''.<ref name=eb9>{{cite EB9|mode=cs2|wstitle=China|ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}}|volume=5}}</ref>}} the district was formerly a separate city which served as the center of Chinese administration on [[Hainan Island]] when it formed a part of [[Guangdong Province]].<ref name=eb9/>

The British Consulate in Kiungchow was opened in April 1876, as a result of the [[Treaty of Tientsin]] in 1858.<ref>Nield, Robert. “China’s Southernmost Treaty Port.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, vol. 52, Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, 2012, pp. 67. "But the first steps in opening the port had been taken and in 1876 a British consul was sent, the port being declared open on 1 April that year. Quite prudently, one of his first actions was to agree that there should be no settlement or concession yet; he chose instead to wait and see. Moreover, even though Kiungchow had no shops to speak of, there was a fair amount of trade being conducted by local merchants and it was not clear where the foreigners would fit in."</ref>

==Geography== [[Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve]] is located in the district and has an area of {{Convert|2500|ha|acre|sp=us}}. It includes six rivers, an irregular coastline, and a number of bays and tidewater gullies. The mangrove forest on the south coast provides a habitat for birds and other wildlife.<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/105/ |title= Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve |publisher= UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto |metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Qiongshan District, elevation {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals) |Jan high C = 21.2 |Feb high C = 22.9 |Mar high C = 26.6 |Apr high C = 30.1 |May high C = 32.5 |Jun high C = 33.7 |Jul high C = 33.4 |Aug high C = 32.6 |Sep high C = 31.1 |Oct high C = 28.9 |Nov high C = 26.0 |Dec high C = 22.3 |Jan mean C = 18.3 |Feb mean C = 19.5 |Mar mean C = 22.6 |Apr mean C = 25.8 |May mean C = 28.1 |Jun mean C = 29.1 |Jul mean C = 29.1 |Aug mean C = 28.6 |Sep mean C = 27.8 |Oct mean C = 26.1 |Nov mean C = 23.3 |Dec mean C = 19.8 |Jan low C = 16.3 |Feb low C = 17.3 |Mar low C = 20.1 |Apr low C = 23.1 |May low C = 25.3 |Jun low C = 26.2 |Jul low C = 26.2 |Aug low C = 26.0 |Sep low C = 25.5 |Oct low C = 23.9 |Nov low C = 21.4 |Dec low C = 18.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 28.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 32.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 43.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 96.6 |May precipitation mm = 208.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 251.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 243.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 302.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 284.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 263.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 63.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 42.4 |Jan humidity = 85 |Feb humidity = 86 |Mar humidity = 84 |Apr humidity = 82 |May humidity = 80 |Jun humidity = 79 |Jul humidity = 79 |Aug humidity = 81 |Sep humidity = 82 |Oct humidity = 79 |Nov humidity = 79 |Dec humidity = 80 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 9.1 |Feb precipitation days = 9.7 |Mar precipitation days = 9.7 |Apr precipitation days = 11.1 |May precipitation days = 16.0 |Jun precipitation days = 16.7 |Jul precipitation days = 16.0 |Aug precipitation days = 15.2 |Sep precipitation days = 14.7 |Oct precipitation days = 11.1 |Nov precipitation days = 8.4 |Dec precipitation days = 8.4 |year precipitation days = |Jan sun = 92.3 |Feb sun = 96.9 |Mar sun = 130.9 |Apr sun = 165.2 |May sun = 215.5 |Jun sun = 217.6 |Jul sun = 238.3 |Aug sun = 215.7 |Sep sun = 181.5 |Oct sun = 171.7 |Nov sun = 128.3 |Dec sun = 98.8 |year sun = | Jan percentsun = 27 | Feb percentsun = 30 | Mar percentsun = 35 | Apr percentsun = 44 | May percentsun = 53 | Jun percentsun = 55 | Jul percentsun = 59 | Aug percentsun = 55 | Sep percentsun = 50 | Oct percentsun = 48 | Nov percentsun = 39 | Dec percentsun = 29 | year percentsun = |source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =11 October 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref> }}

==Demographics== [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] is the official language of administration and education, but locals also speak [[Haikou dialect]] of [[Hainanese]] (a [[Min Chinese|Min]] language), while other ethnic groups also speak the [[Qiongshan dialect]] of [[Lingao language|Lingao]].

==See also== * [[Qiongzhou Strait]]

==Notes== {{Noteslist}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060831180804/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_36009.htm Information about Qiongshan]

[[Category:Haikou]] [[Category:County-level divisions of Hainan]] [[Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City]]