Bozhou

{{Short description|City in Anhui, China}} {{about|the city in Anhui|the district in Guizhou|Bozhou District|Other uses}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} {{Infobox settlement   |name = Bozhou |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = 亳州市 |native_name_lang = zh |nickname = |settlement_type =Prefecture-level city |total_type =  |motto =  |image_skyline = Bozhou Railway Station (54488765713).jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Bozhou Railway Station |image_map = Location of Bozhou Prefecture within Anhui (China).png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Bozhou City jurisdiction in Anhui |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |coor_pinpoint = Bozhou municipal government |coordinates = {{coord|33.8463|N|115.7786|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-34_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}  |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Anhui |subdivision_type2 = County-level divisions |subdivision_name2 = 4 |subdivision_type3 = Township-level divisions |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |seat =Qiaocheng District |parts_type = |parts_style =  |parts =  |p1 = |p2 =   |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =CPC Secretary |leader_name = |leader_title1 =Mayor |leader_name1 =Liu Jian ({{lang|zh-hans|刘健}}) |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title =  |established_date = |established_title1 =  |established_date1 = |established_title2 =  |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for =  |area_magnitude =  |unit_pref =  |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 8522.58  |area_land_km2 =  |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 =2262.9 |area_metro_km2 =2262.9 |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 =  |elevation_footnotes =  |elevation_m = 32 |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_min_m = |elevation_min_ft =  |population_as_of = 2020 census |population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-anhui-admin.php | title=China: Ānhuī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref> |population_note = |population_total = 4,996,844 |population_density_km2 =auto |population_metro = 1,537,231 |population_density_metro_km2 =auto |population_urban = 1,537,231 |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = | demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>{{Cite web |title=《安徽统计年鉴2022》电子查阅版 |url=http://tjj.ah.gov.cn/oldfiles/tjj/tjjweb/tjnj/2022/index.htm |website=tjj.ah.gov.cn |access-date=2022-10-18 |archive-date=2022-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018145816/http://tjj.ah.gov.cn/oldfiles/tjj/tjjweb/tjnj/2022/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Prefecture-level city | demographics2_info1 = CN¥ 197.3 billion<br />US$ 26.2 billion | demographics2_title2 = Per capita | demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 39,564<br />US$ 6,133  |timezone = CST |utc_offset = +8  |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 236800 |area_code = 558 |iso_code = CN-AH-16 |blank_name =GDP |blank_info = |blank1_name =GDP per capita |blank1_info = |blank2_name =License Plate Prefix |blank2_info = {{lang|zh-cn|皖S}} |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20130318011633/http://www.bozhou.gov.cn/welcome/ bozhou.gov.cn] |footnotes = }}

'''Bozhou''' ({{zh|s={{linktext|亳州}}|p=Bózhōu}}) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Anhui province, China. It borders Huaibei to the northeast, Bengbu to the southeast, Huainan to the south, Fuyang to the southwest, and Henan to the north. Its population was 4,996,844 at the 2020 census, of whom 1,537,231 lived in the built-up area made of Qiaocheng urban district, even though the county remains largely rural.

==Administration== [[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-10.jpg|thumb|Map including Bo County (labeled as PO-HSIEN {{lang|zh-hant|亳縣}}) (AMS, 1954)]] The prefecture-level city of Bozhou currently administers 4 county-level divisions, including 1 district and 3 counties. *Qiaocheng District ({{zh|labels=no|s=谯城区}}) *Guoyang County ({{zh|labels=no|s=涡阳县}}) *Lixin County ({{zh|labels=no|s=利辛县}}) *Mengcheng County ({{zh|labels=no|s=蒙城县}})

{| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" | Map |- | colspan="6" | <div style="position: relative" class="center"> {{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Bozhou.png|width=493|link=}} {{Image label|x=330|y=520|scale=493/1760|text='''Qiaocheng'''}} {{Image label|x=890|y=860|scale=493/1760|text='''Guoyang<br>County'''}} {{Image label|x=1400|y=1430|scale=493/1760|text='''Mengcheng<br>County'''}} {{Image label|x=810|y=1520|scale=493/1760|text='''Lixin<br>County'''}} {{Image label end}} </div> |- ! align=left | Subdivision ! align=left | Simplified Chinese ! align=left | Hanyu Pinyin ! align=left | Population {{small|(2020)}} ! align=left | Area {{small|(km<sup>2</sup>)}} ! align=left | Density {{small|(/km<sup>2</sup>)}} |- |- style="background:#d3d3d3;" | colspan="6" style="text-align:center; "| '''City Proper''' |- | align=left | Qiaocheng District | align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|谯城区}} | align=left | {{transliteration|zh|Qiáochéng Qū}} | align=right| 1,537,231 | align=right| 2,266 | align=right| 678.4 |- |- style="background:#d3d3d3;" | colspan="6" style="text-align:center; "| '''Rural''' |- | align=left | Lixin County | align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|利辛县}} | align=left | {{transliteration|zh|Lìxīn Xiàn}} | align=right| 1,187,254 | align=right| 2,012 | align=right| 590.1 |- | align=left | Guoyang County | align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|涡阳县}} | align=left | {{transliteration|zh|Guōyáng Xiàn}} | align=right| 1,170,719 | align=right| 2,111 | align=right| 554.5 |- | align=left | Mengcheng County | align=left | {{lang|zh-Hans|蒙城县}} | align=left | {{transliteration|zh|Mĕngchéng Xiàn}} | align=right| 1,101,640 | align=right| 2,141 | align=right| 514.5 |- |- style="background:#d3d3d3;" | colspan="3" style="text-align:center; "|'''Total''' | align=right|'''4,996,844''' | align=right|'''8,530''' | align=right|'''585.8''' |}

==Geography and climate== Bozhou features a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen ''Cwa'') with four distinct seasons. With an annual mean temperature of {{convert|15.06|°C|1}}, the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|0.9|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|27.5|°C|1}} in August. Winters are damp and cold (yet the precipitation is low) while summers are hot and humid. Rainfall is heavily concentrated in the warmer months, as more than half of the annual total occurs from June to August. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 46% in January and March to 54% in May, the city receives 2,242 hours of bright sunshine annually.

{{Weather box | width = auto | location = Bozhou, elevation {{convert|39|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1953–present) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | collapsed = Y | Jan record high C = 22.6 | Feb record high C = 26.6 | Mar record high C = 33.2 | Apr record high C = 34.9 | May record high C = 39.1 | Jun record high C = 41.3 | Jul record high C = 42.1 | Aug record high C = 40.6 | Sep record high C = 37.0 | Oct record high C = 36.5 | Nov record high C = 29.9 | Dec record high C = 21.1 | Jan high C = 6.2 | Feb high C = 9.9 | Mar high C = 15.4 | Apr high C = 21.9 | May high C = 27.1 | Jun high C = 31.6 | Jul high C = 32.4 | Aug high C = 31.1 | Sep high C = 27.5 | Oct high C = 22.4 | Nov high C = 14.9 | Dec high C = 8.3 | Jan mean C = 1.3 | Feb mean C = 4.5 | Mar mean C = 9.9 | Apr mean C = 16.2 | May mean C = 21.6 | Jun mean C = 26.1 | Jul mean C = 27.9 | Aug mean C = 26.8 | Sep mean C = 22.4 | Oct mean C = 16.7 | Nov mean C = 9.6 | Dec mean C = 3.4 | Jan low C = -2.3 | Feb low C = 0.4 | Mar low C = 5.3 | Apr low C = 11.1 | May low C = 16.5 | Jun low C = 21.3 | Jul low C = 24.3 | Aug low C = 23.4 | Sep low C = 18.4 | Oct low C = 12.4 | Nov low C = 5.5 | Dec low C = -0.3 | Jan record low C = −18.3 | Feb record low C = −20.6 | Mar record low C = −11.3 | Apr record low C = -3.0 | May record low C = 3.9 | Jun record low C = 11.6 | Jul record low C = 16.6 | Aug record low C = 13.8 | Sep record low C = 4.5 | Oct record low C = -1.2 | Nov record low C = −8.8 | Dec record low C = −17.5 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 17.5 | Feb precipitation mm = 20.5 | Mar precipitation mm = 31.2 | Apr precipitation mm = 46.1 | May precipitation mm = 73.1 | Jun precipitation mm = 101.5 | Jul precipitation mm = 203.9 | Aug precipitation mm = 134.6 | Sep precipitation mm = 73.4 | Oct precipitation mm = 44.7 | Nov precipitation mm = 35.7 | Dec precipitation mm = 17.3 | Jan humidity = 66 | Feb humidity = 64 | Mar humidity = 62 | Apr humidity = 64 | May humidity = 66 | Jun humidity = 66 | Jul humidity = 77 | Aug humidity = 80 | Sep humidity = 74 | Oct humidity = 68 | Nov humidity = 68 | Dec humidity = 67 | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | Jan precipitation days = 4.2 | Feb precipitation days = 5.1 | Mar precipitation days = 5.5 | Apr precipitation days = 6.2 | May precipitation days = 7.7 | Jun precipitation days = 7.5 | Jul precipitation days = 11.3 | Aug precipitation days = 10.9 | Sep precipitation days = 8.1 | Oct precipitation days = 6.0 | Nov precipitation days = 6.2 | Dec precipitation days = 4.4 | year precipitation days = | Jan sun = 132.4 | Feb sun = 137.9 | Mar sun = 176.4 | Apr sun = 203.3 | May sun = 215.0 | Jun sun = 199.7 | Jul sun = 193.8 | Aug sun = 181.9 | Sep sun = 166.6 | Oct sun = 166.9 | Nov sun = 147.9 | Dec sun = 136.1 | year sun = | Jan percentsun = 42 | Feb percentsun = 44 | Mar percentsun = 47 | Apr percentsun = 52 | May percentsun = 50 | Jun percentsun = 46 | Jul percentsun = 44 | Aug percentsun = 44 | Sep percentsun = 45 | Oct percentsun = 48 | Nov percentsun = 48 | Dec percentsun = 44 | year percentsun = | Jan snow days = 3.8 | Feb snow days = 3.0 | Mar snow days = 1.3 | Apr snow days = 0 | May snow days = 0 | Jun snow days = 0 | Jul snow days = 0 | Aug snow days = 0 | Sep snow days = 0 | Oct snow days = 0 | Nov snow days = 0.8 | Dec snow days = 1.9 | year snow days = | source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =27 June 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref><ref name="CMA old"> {{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 }}</ref> extremes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.roostweather.com/worldclimate/graphs.php?code=CHM00058102 |title= Bozhou Climate: 1991–2020 |publisher=Starlings Roost Weather |access-date= 14 October 2025 }}</ref> | source = }}

==History== thumb|right|Flower Peking Opera Theater

Bozhou was, in addition to being a prefecture during the Tang dynasty, once the Qiao Commandery ({{zh|c=谯郡}}) at the time of the Sui dynasty.

In 1355, during the Yuan dynasty, Han Lin'er ({{zh|labels=no|t=韓林兒}}) was proclaimed by Liu Futong ({{zh|labels=no|t=劉福通}}) to be the Emperor of Great Song ({{zh|labels=no|c=大宋}}, a reference to the extinct Song dynasty) with the regnal year Longfeng ({{zh|labels=no|t=龍鳳 |l=dragon and fenghuang}}). Chao was nicknamed "The Little Ming King" ({{zh|labels=no|c=小明王}}).

In 1368, Bo Prefecture was downgraded in status and became a county. In 1496, it was again upgraded to a prefecture/Fu then later lowered to a county in 1912 (after 1911 Revolution) when it became Bo County. In May 1986, it was upgraded to a county-level city administered by Fuyang Prefecture ({{lang|zh-hans|阜阳地区}}). In 1996, Bozhou was upgraded to a provincially directly administered city ({{lang|zh-hans|省直辖市}}), under the control of Fuyang City on behalf of the province. The province has directly administered Bozhou since February 1998. In June 2000, Bozhou was made a prefecture-level city.

The city is located on two main Chinese train routes running from capital Beijing to the south and from the east to Shanghai which facilitate the easy transportation of goods and people.

Bozhou's population currently stands at around the three million mark which makes it small by Chinese standards. Whilst Bozhou is currently developing and expanding, it still has few internationally recognized brands based in the city.

==Traditional Chinese medicine market== Bozhou is currently the capital of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in mainland China,<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.economist.com/news/china/21727945-unproven-remedies-promoted-state-why-chinas-traditional-medicine-boom-dangerous |title = Why China's traditional medicine boom is dangerous|newspaper = The Economist|date = September 2017}}</ref> with one of the largest TCM industries and production area in the country.<ref name=":0" /> In 2008, companies based in Bozhou exported over 160,000 tons of products (out of total Chinese exports of 240,000 tons). Whilst relatively underdeveloped compared to coastal regions of China, Bozhou continues to be the primary location and trading hub for TCM within China. The international TCM Expo is held in Bozhou in September each year which sees delegates from around the world coming to discuss TCM.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=刘明|title=Rising Anhui: TCM market prosperous in Bozhou|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202009/15/WS5f605273a31024ad0ba79a57.html|access-date=2021-11-29|website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref>

==Notable people== *Cao Song, father of Cao Cao **Cao Cao (155 - 220), last chancellor and ''de facto'' ruler of the Eastern Han dynasty *Hua Tuo (110 - 208 (estimated)), renowned Eastern Han dynasty physician, first inventor of general anaesthesia *Hua Mulan, legendary heroine who disguised herself as a man in order to replace her father in the army draft *Zhang Jun, (b. 1963), economist and professor at Fudan University

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[http://www.bozhou.gov.cn Government website of Bozhou] (in Simplified Chinese) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100323054725/http://www.go-bozhou.com/ New English version of Bozhou's tourist website]

{{Anhui topics}} {{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}} {{Anhui}}

Category:Bozhou Category:Cities in Anhui Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City