{{Short description|Chinese politician}} {{family name hatnote|Qian|lang=Chinese}} '''Qian Liren''' (born 20 August 1924; {{zh|t=錢李仁|s=钱李仁|p=Qián Lǐrén}}) is a Chinese politician, diplomat, and translator. Qian had a distinguished career in foreign affairs, and was China's first ambassador to UNESCO, in addition to being the head of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party between 1983 and 1985. He then served as the head of the ''People's Daily'' newspaper, but was removed from the position after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.
==Early life== Born in 1924 in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, Qian is a documented descendant of the kings of Wuyue.<ref>[http://www.linan.gov.cn/newsdetail.jsp?doc_id=20070315151621_101 弘扬吴越文化 构建和谐临安]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Promote Wuyue culture, construct harmonious Lin'an), ''Lin'an City Government''</ref> After moving with his family to Zhenjiang and later to Shanghai during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Qian attended St. John's University, Shanghai, where he studied chemistry.
==Early career== While in secondary school and university, Qian became involved with the anti-Kuomintang student movement and became its leader in Shanghai, becoming president of the Shanghai Secondary Students Association and Secretary of the Shanghai Students Union. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1940, and became a member of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the CCP.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Qian worked in the international affairs department of the Communist Youth League of China. He was its representative to the World Federation of Democratic Youth in Budapest, Hungary, and became Secretary in the Federation secretariat. His Youth League origins have led to Qian being classified as part of the "Youth League faction" of Hu Yaobang. From the Youth League, he was promoted to head the external affairs office of the State Council (1964–1965).{{cn|date=August 2024}}
Purged during the Cultural Revolution, Qian was re-appointed in 1974 as a member of the Standing Council of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, and in 1978 was posted as China's first ambassador to UNESCO. Returning to China from Paris, he became the head of the CCP Central Committee's International Liaison Department. This position would conventionally lead to the post of Foreign Minister. For Qian, however, his next posting as the head of the People's Daily Press (1985–1989) spelled the end of his rise within the CCP.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
Qian was a member of the 12th and 13th Central Committees of the CCP (1985–1992).{{cn|date=August 2024}}
==Tiananmen Square protests and dismissal== During the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, Qian was the head of the ''People's Daily'', the CCP Central Committee's official newspaper. At the time, the CCP leadership was split between those advocating a conciliatory approach with the students and those advocating a hardline crackdown. During the protests, the newspaper printed several stories which were later regarded by the government as sympathetic of the students.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/04/22/tiananmen.document.02/index.html Full text: Bao Tong's report on the Tiananmen crackdown ] CNN</ref> In addition, both Qian and the Editor-in-Chief Tan Wenrui were accused of tolerating pro-student editors, who obliquely attacked the hardliners in their reporting. Specifically, Qian directly authorized a series of reports, titled "Xth day of Martial Law", which was said to mock the hardliners by exaggerating the frivolity in Beijing while under martial law. Its reportage of international news was also said to satirize the hardliners in the CCP leadership.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
In its June 4 Edition, the ''People's Daily'' made a series of editorial decisions which the government later condemned as oblique criticism of the crackdown. In the international news section, for example, the Gwangju Uprising was reported with a headline, printed in bold type, of "Seoul students go on hunger strike to protest government massacre and crackdown". The headline of a story on Poland was "Warning: no-body should play with fire", with a tagline "Polish leaders say elections are a great experiment in reconciliation". A number of reports on "Convicted criminal becomes People's Representative", and "Judge perverts justice" were also included. The headline "the unconquerable man" was printed in the sports section.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
More serious, however, was the "People's Daily Extra incident". Some ''People's Daily'' employees under the leadership of editor Wu Xuecan organized the printing of an unauthorized "extra" edition, which re-printed student flyers and took the point of view of the student protestors. Only about 1000 copies were reportedly printed, all of which were distributed to the protesting students. The "extra" was a direct response to the "April 26 Editorial", an article written by hawkish CCP leaders and published in the ''People's Daily'', and which took a hostile attitude to the students. Despite immediately printing a notice that disclaimed the Extra as unauthorized, both Qian and Tan Wenrui were removed from their posts in the purge at the ''People's Daily'' that followed the protests.<ref>[http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2003/05/200305211041.shtml 《人民日报》号外与吴学灿] (''People's Daily'' Extra and Wu Xuecan)</ref><ref>Frank Tan (1990) "The People's Daily: Politics and Popular Will-Journalistic Defiance in China During the Spring of 1989". ''Pacific Affairs'' Vol. 63, No. 2 (Summer, 1990), pp. 151-169</ref><ref>Sheryl Wudunn "[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE3DC1539F931A15755C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all China's Newspapers, After Crackdown by Beijing, Revert to a Single Voice]" ''The New York Times'', 22 June 1989</ref>
==Later career== Subsequently, Qian did not hold another major government or party position. He was the Vice President of the quasi-official Chinese Association for International Understanding from 1995 to 2003, and acted as advisor to the organization thereafter.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}
He was a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (1993–1998) and occasionally acted as its spokesperson. From 1995 to 1998 he was the head of its Foreign Affairs committee.<ref>National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, [http://www.cppcc.gov.cn/English/org_struc/200702130050.htm A Brief Introduction to the Subcommittee of Foreign Affairs of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007174519/http://www.cppcc.gov.cn/English/org_struc/200702130050.htm |date=October 7, 2009 }}</ref>
==Works== Qian is fluent in Chinese, English, French and several other European languages. He has rendered into Chinese ''The August Coup'', Mikhail Gorbachev's memoir of that event.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
==Personal life== Qian married wife Zheng Yun (born Tang Suiqian) in 1952. They have one son and one daughter.<ref>International Who's Who</ref> He turned 100 on 20 August 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_28456683|title=百岁长者钱李仁：历经半世纪沧海桑田，一字一句敲出回忆录|publisher=The Paper|date=20 August 2024|language=zh}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
{{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef | before = Qiao Shi}} {{s-ttl | title = Head of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party| years = 1983–1985}} {{s-aft | after = Zhu Liang}} {{s-bef | before = Qin Chuan}} {{s-ttl | title = Chief Officer of People's Daily Press| years = 1985–1989}} {{s-aft | after = Gao Di}} {{s-end}} {{Heads of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Qian, Liren}} Category:1924 births Category:Living people Category:Politicians from Jiaxing Category:Writers from Jiaxing Category:St. John's University, Shanghai alumni Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Zhejiang Category:Diplomats for China Category:Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Category:Members of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Category:People's Daily people Category:Chinese men centenarians Category:Heads of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party