{{Short description|Indian Sunni Islamic Scholar}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Qari Muhammad Tayyib <br>{{nobold|{{Nastaliq|قاری محمد طیب}}}} | birth_date = {{birth date text|May 1897}} | birth_place = [[Deoband]], [[British Raj|British India]] | birth_name = Muzaffaruddin/Khurshid Qasim | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1983|07|17|1897|05}} | death_place = [[Deoband]], India | resting_place = [[Deoband]], India | father = [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]] | children = [[Muhammad Salim Qasmi]] (son) | relatives = [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi]] (grandfather), [[Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi]] (grandson), [[Abidullah Ghazi]] (grandson) | alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] | influenced = | office1 = 10th [[List of Vice Chancellors of Darul Uloom Deoband|Vice-Chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband]] | term_start1 = 1929 | term_end1 = 9 August 1982 | predecessor1 = [[Habibur Rahman Usmani]] | successor1 = [[Maulana Marghubur Rahman|Marghoobur Rahman Bijnori]] | module2 = {{Infobox religious biography |embed=yes |religion=[[Islam]] |students = [[Tafazzul Haque Habiganji]]<ref name="thh">{{Cite web |last=উবাইদুল্লাহ |first=মুনশি মুহাম্মদ |title=আল্লামা তাফাজ্জুল হক হবিগঞ্জী (রহ.) |url=https://m.dailyinqilab.com/article/264404/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80-%28%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%29 |access-date=2020-08-10 |website=DailyInqilabOnline |language=bn}}</ref><br>[[Qazi Mu'tasim Billah]]<br>[[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]] |honorific_prefix = Hakim al-Islam |denomination = [[Sunni]] |jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]] |creed = [[Maturidi]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Qasmi|first=Muhammad Tayyib|title=Sharh Aqida Tahawiyya|date=2020|publisher=Qasim al-Ulum}}</ref> |movement = [[Deobandi]] |notable_works = Human Being: A Distinguished Creature, The Maslak of Ulama of Deoband, Mas'ala Zuban-e-Urdu Hindustan Mein |disciple_of = [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] |founder = [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]] }} }} '''Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi''' (known as '''Qari Muhammad Tayyib''') was an [[Indian people|Indian]] Sunni Islamic scholar who served as Vice Chancellor of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] for more than half a century. He was grandson of [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi]], the founder of the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref name="life">{{cite book |author1=Mohammad Shakaib Qasmi |author2=Ghulam Nabi Qasmi |title=The Life and Times of Hakimul Islam Mawlana Qari Muhammad Tayyib |publisher=Hujjat al-Islam Academy, Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband |pages=24, 194|url=https://dud.edu.in/images/pdf/The%20Life%20&%20Times%20of%20Hakimul%20Islam%20%20Book%20Compressed%20(1).pdf |accessdate=31 May 2019 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="mahbub">{{cite book |last1= Rizwi|first1=Syed Mehboob|author-link=Syed Mehboob Rizwi |translator=Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi |title=History of The [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]] (Volume 2) |publisher=Idara-e-Ehtemam, [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]] |pages=175, 178 |edition=First Print 1981}}</ref>

==Biography== Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi was born in 1892 or 1897 into the [[Siddiqi family of Nanauta]].{{efn|Shakaib Qasmi and Ghulam Nabi Qasmi state the birth year to be 1892 and [[Syed Mehboob Rizwi]] and [[Noor Alam Khalil Amini]] maintain the point that Qari Tayyab was born in 1897. However, both mention 1315 AH as his birth year.<ref name="life" /><ref name="mahbub" />}}<ref name="sawaneh">{{cite book |last1=Gīlānī |first1=Manāzir Ahsan |authorlink1=Manazir Ahsan Gilani |title=Sawānih Qāsmi |trans-title=Biography of Qāsim|publisher=Maktaba Darul Uloom Deoband |location=[[Deoband]]|volume=1|language=Urdu |page=113}}</ref> He served as Deputy Vice Chancellor of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] from 1344 AH to 1347 AH (1924 to 1928 AD).<ref name="Taiyyab">{{cite book |last1=Tayyib|first1=Qari Muhammad|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Sad-Sāla Zindagi|trans-title=Centenary Life of Darul Uloom Deoband|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/darul-uloom-deoband-ki-sad-saala-zindagi-qari-muhammad-tayyab-ebooks |publisher=VC Office, Darul Uloom|location=Deoband|pages=96, 101|date=June 1965|edition=1st|language=ur}}</ref><ref name=:"Khalili">{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi|url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh |publisher=Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy |edition=2nd|date= October 2020|pages=583, 585, 747, 750|location=India |language=ur|oclc=1345466013}}</ref>{{efn|In 1341 AH, he was appointed as Deputy Vice Chancellor, but he resigned so that he could engage in academic and educational pursuits with equality; however, he had to assume this position again.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Rizwi|first1=Syed Mehboob|translator=Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi |title=History of The [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]]|volume =1|publisher=Idara-e-Ehtemam, [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]] |pages=216–217 |year=1980|language=en}}</ref>}} He succeeded [[Habibur Rahman Usmani]] as Vice Chancellor of Darul Uloom in mid-1348 AH (1929 AH) and resigned on August 9, 1982 AD (Dhu al-Qadah 18, 1402 AH), after disagreements and disturbances erupted in Darul Uloom Deoband in 1980 (1400 AH).<ref name="Amini">{{cite book |last=Amini|first=Noor Alam Khalil |title=Pas-e-Marg Zindah|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/pas-e-marg-zinda-noor-alam-khaleel-amini-ebooks |publisher=Idara Ilm-o-Adab |location=Deoband |pages=159, 173 |edition=3rd|date=June 2010 |language=ur}}</ref><ref name=:"Khalili"/><ref name="taqiusmani">{{cite book |author1=Taqi Usmani |authorlink1=Taqi Usmani |title=Nuqoosh-e-Raftgaan |publisher=Maktabatul Maarif |location=[[Karachi]] |pages=193–194 |edition=April 2007 |language=Urdu |chapter=Qari Muhammad Tayyab}}</ref><ref name="tayyab">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YjoMCAAAQBAJ&q=hafiz+muhammad+ahmad+deoband&pg=PT355 |accessdate=9 May 2020|title=Rethinking Islamic Studies: From Orientalism to Cosmopolitanism|isbn=9781611172317|last1=Ernst|first1=Carl W.|last2=Martin|first2=Richard C.|date=27 November 2012|publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |page=78 |jstor=j.ctt46n10w.6 |chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46n10w.6 |accessdate=23 October 2020|chapter=Change and Stagnation in Islamic Education |last1=Reetz |first1=Dietrich |title=The Madrasa in Asia |year=2008 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=9789053567104 }}</ref> He also founded the [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]] and headed it until his death.<ref name="life" /><ref name="mahbub" />

His poetical compositions have been published as ''Irfan-e-Arif''.<ref name="mahbub" />

He died in [[Deoband]] on 17 July 1983. His funeral prayer was led by his eldest son [[Muhammad Salim Qasmi]].<ref name="life" /><ref name="pasemargezindah">{{cite book |author1=Noor Alam Khalil Amini |author-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini |title=Pas-e-Marg-e-Zindah|url=https://archive.org/download/Pas-e-Marg-Zindah/Pas-e-Marg-Zindah.pdf|via=Archive.org|publisher=Idara Ilm-o-Adab, Deoband |pages=108–172 |language=Urdu}} *Amini states that Qari Tayyab was selected as mohtamim in 1928 and he remained in this post throughout his life. However, the 1980-1982 phase of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] is regarded as one of the darkest phases of its history which led to bifurcation of Darul Uloom and then formation of [[Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband]]. Hence, the later years have been skipped and his timeline as a VC of Deoband is stated as 1928-1980.</ref>

==Literary works== Muhammad Tayyib’s books include:<ref name="mahbub" /> *''Al-Tashabbuh fil-Islam'' *''Mashaheer-e-Ummat'' *''Kalimat-e-Tayyibat'' *Atyab al-Thamar fi Mas'alat al-Qaza wal-Qadr *''Science aur Islam'' *''Talimat-e-Islam aur Maseehi Aqwaam'' *''Mas'alah Zuban-e-Urdu Hindustan Mein'' *''Din-o-Siyasat'' *''Asbab Urooj-o-Zawaley Aqwaam'' *''Islami Azadi Ka Mukammal Program'' *''Al-Ijtehad wal Taqleed'' *''Usool Dawat-e-Islam'' *''Islami Masawat'' *''Fitri Hukumat'' '''Translations of his books''' *''Human Being: A Distinguished Creature'' <ref name="human">{{cite book |author1=Qari Muhammad Tayyib |author-link=Qari Muhammad Tayyib |translator=Muhammad Javaid Qasmi |title=Human Being: A Distinguished Creature |publisher=Hujjat al-Islam Academy, Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband |url=https://dud.edu.in/images/pdf/human%20being%20book.pdf |accessdate=31 May 2019 |language=English}}</ref> *The Maslak of Ulama of Deoband<ref name="maslak">{{cite book |author1=Qari Muhammad Tayyib |author-link=Qari Muhammad Tayyib |translator=Afzal Hoosen Elias |title=The Maslak of Ulama of Deoband |publisher=Zam Zam Publishers |url=http://www.darululoom-deoband.com/urdu/books/tmp/1394535572%20The%20Maslak%20of%20Ulama%20of%20Deoband.pdf |accessdate=31 May 2019 |language=English}}</ref> *''Islam and Sectarianism''<ref name="sectarianism">{{cite book |author1=Qari Muhammad Tayyib |author-link=Qari Muhammad Tayyib |translator=Javaid Qasmi |title=Islam and Sectarianism |publisher=Hujjat al-Islam Academy, Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband |url=https://archive.org/download/IslamAndSectarianismByShaykhQariMuhammedTayyibr.a/IslamAndSectarianismByShaykhQariMuhammedTayyibr.a.pdf |accessdate=31 May 2019}}</ref>

==See also== *[[List of Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]

==Notes== {{Notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Sources== * [[Islami Bishwakosh]], Volume 12, p.&nbsp;287 * {{Cite journal |last=Moosa |first=E. |date=2010-11-01 |title=History and Normativity in Traditional Indian Muslim Thought: Reading Shari'a in the Hermeneutics of Qari Muhammad Tayyab (d. 1983) |url=https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/5744 |journal=Rethinking Islamic Studies|language=en-US |pages=281–301}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=Syed Ihsan Ullah |last2=Ullah |first2=Atta |date=2021 |title=Hakim ul Islam Qari Tayyab Qasmi style of acting in biography |url=https://journals.uom.edu.pk/murjis/article/view/186 |journal=Malakand University Research Journal of Islamic Studies |language=ur |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=51–63 |issn=2708-6577}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Sanaullah |first1=Syed |last2=Shah |first2=Syed Hayder |date=2018 |title=Qari Muhammad Tayyab as seerah Writer |url=http://rahatulquloob.com/index.php/rahat/article/view/43 |journal=Rahat-ul-Quloob |language=ur |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=216–228 |doi=10.51411/rahat.2.2.2018.43 |s2cid=239101350 |issn=2521-2869|doi-access=free }} *[http://aldebal.com/index.php/aldebal/article/view/8 aldebal] {{Qasmi family}} {{Darul Uloom Deoband}} {{Hanafi scholars}} {{Maturidi}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tayyib, Qari Muhammad}} [[Category:Deobandis]] [[Category:Hanafis]] [[Category:Maturidis]] [[Category:1897 births]] [[Category:1983 deaths]] [[Category:People from Deoband]] [[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]] [[Category:Qasmi family]] [[Category:Students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] [[Category:Students of Anwar Shah Kashmiri]] [[Category:Muhtamims of Darul Uloom Deoband]] [[Category:Disciples of Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] [[Category:Members of the Majlis-e-Shura of Darul Uloom Deoband]]