QRISK

{{Short description|Prediction algorithm for cardiovascular disease}} {{Infobox diagnostic | name = QRISK | image = | alt = | purpose = prediction of cardiovascular disease | pronounce = | synonyms = | reference_range = | calculator = | DiseasesDB =  | ICD10 =  | ICD9 = | ICDO = | MedlinePlus =  | eMedicine =  | MeshID = | OPS301 =  | LOINC =  }} '''QRISK3''' (the most recent version of QRISK) is a prediction algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that uses traditional risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, smoking status and ratio of total serum cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) together with body mass index, ethnicity, measures of deprivation, family history, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, and antihypertensive treatment.<ref name="Heart 2008">{{cite journal |title=Performance of the QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm in an independent UK sample of patients from general practice: a validation study |first1=J |last1=Hippisley-Cox |first2=C |last2=Coupland |first3=Y |last3=Vinogradova |first4=J |last4=Robson |first5=P |last5=Brindle |journal=Heart |date=2008 |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=34–39 |doi=10.1136/hrt.2007.134890|pmid=17916661 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

A QRISK over 10 (10% risk of CVD event over the next ten years) indicates that primary prevention with lipid lowering therapy (such as statins) should be considered.<ref name="NICE CG181 July2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg181/chapter/1-recommendations |title= Lipid modification (CG181): cardiovascular risk assessment and the modification of blood lipids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease |publisher=National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) |date=July 2014 |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> In the UK, current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend using QRISK (as opposed to the Framingham Risk Score).<ref name="NICE CG181 July2014" />

The algorithm has subsequently been validated by an independent team from the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (University of Oxford) using an external dataset.<ref name="QRISK BMJ 2009">{{cite journal |url= |title=An independent external validation and evaluation of QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction: a prospective open cohort study |first1=Gary S |last1=Collins |first2=Douglas G |last2=Altman |journal=BMJ |date=7 July 2009 |volume=339 |article-number=b2584 |doi=10.1136/bmj.b2584|pmid=19584409 |pmc=2714681 }}</ref><ref name="QRISK2 BMJ 2010">{{cite journal |url= |title=An independent and external validation of QRISK2 cardiovascular disease risk score: a prospective open cohort study |first1=Gary S |last1=Collins |first2=Douglas G |last2=Altman |journal=BMJ |date=13 May 2010 |volume=340 |article-number=c2442 |doi=10.1136/bmj.c2442|pmid=20466793 |pmc=2869403 }}</ref><ref name="QRISK2 BMJ 2012">{{cite journal |url= |title=Predicting the 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom: independent and external validation of an updated version of QRISK2 |first1=Gary S |last1=Collins |first2=Douglas G |last2=Altman |journal=BMJ |date=21 June 2012 |volume=344 |article-number=e4181 |doi=10.1136/bmj.e4181|pmid=22723603 |pmc=3380799 }}</ref> The results were published in the BMJ and demonstrated that QRISK performed better than Framingham [http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c2442.full.pdf]. [http://www.qrisk.org www.qrisk.org] is updated annually to reflect changes in populations, data quality and national guidelines (such as a change in age range over which cardiovascular risk should be assessed). The inclusion of ethnicity and deprivation in the QRISK2 algorithm is designed to help prevent widening health inequalities. [http://www.qintervention.org The QIntervention website] combines QRISK with a similar risk prediction tool (www.qdiabetes.org) to calculate risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. www.qintervention.org also allows clinicians to assess 'what if' scenarios i.e. how risk might change with modification of risk factors such as weight loss, stopping smoking, use of statins and better blood pressure control.{{cn|date=February 2021}}

QRISK has also been developed further to estimate [http://www.qrisk.org/lifetime individualised lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease].<ref name="QRISK lifetime BMJ 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Hippisley-Cox |first1=Julia |author-link=Julia Hippisley-Cox |last2=Coupland |first2=Carol |last3=Robson |first3=John |last4=Brindle |first4=Peter |date=9 December 2010 |title=Derivation, validation, and evaluation of a new QRISK model to estimate lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease: cohort study using QResearch database |url= |journal=BMJ |volume=341 |article-number=c6624 |doi=10.1136/bmj.c6624 |pmc=2999889 |pmid=21148212}}</ref>

== See also == * Preventive medicine * Framingham Risk Score

== References == {{reflist|30em}}

== External links == * [https://qrisk.org The web-based QRISK2 calculator] * [https://qrisk.org/three/ The web-based QRISK3 calculator]

Category:Medical scoring systems Category:Symptoms and signs: Cardiac