{{Short description|Family of cryptomonads}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Rhodomonas salina CCMP 322.jpg | image_alt = "Rhodomonas salina" | image_caption = ''[[Rhodomonas salina]]'' | image2 = Pyrenomonas ovalis ventral view (DOTkamina).png | image2_caption = ''Pyrenomonas ovalis'' | taxon = Pyrenomonadaceae | authority = Novarino & Lucas 1993 | type_genus = "''[[Pyrenomonas]]''" (''[[nomen nudum]]'')<ref>{{IRMNG | 1257635 | Pyrenomonas (Santore, 1984) | 15 May 2026}}</ref> | type_genus_authority = Santore, 1984 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = * "''[[Pyrenomonas]]''" (''[[nomen nudum]]'')<ref>{{IRMNG | 1257635 | Pyrenomonas (Santore, 1984) | 15 May 2026}}</ref> * ''[[Rhinomonas]]'' * ''[[Rhodomonas]]'' * ''[[Storeatula]]'' }}
'''Pyrenomonadaceae''' is a family of [[cryptomonads]] which includes three or four known genera. They are distinguished from other cryptomonads by their [[nucleomorphs]] being imbedded into the [[pyrenoid]], and the presence of distinctive pigment [[phycoerythrin]] 545.<ref name=N&L>{{Citation |last=Novarino and Lucas |year=1993 |title=Some proposals for a new classification system of the Cryptophyceae |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=111 |issue=1 | pages=3–21 |doi=10.1006/bojl.1993.1002}}</ref>
== Taxonomy ==
''[[Rhodomonas]]'' was the first genus within today's Pyrenomonadaceae identified, being described in 1898.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Karsten |first=G |vauthors= |date=1898 |title=Rhodomonas baltica, n.g. et sp. |journal=Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen |publisher=Abteilung Kiel |volume=3 |pages=15–16}}</ref> For most of the 20th century, all other genera now recognized as Pyrenomonadaceae were placed into various other taxa (ex. ''Rhinomonas fulva'' as ''Cryptochrysis fulva'')<ref name=hillbee>{{Citation |last=Hill and Wetherbee |year=1988 |title=The structure and taxonomy of Rhinomonas pauca gen. et sp. nov. (Cryptophyceae) |journal=Phycologia |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=355–365 |doi=10.2216/i0031-8884-27-3-355.1 }}</ref> [[Adolf Pascher]] placed [[Rhodomonas]] within his subfamily [[Cryptochrysis|Cryptochrysideae]] in 1913.<ref>{{Citation |last=Pascher |first=Adolf |year=1913 |title=Die Süsswasser-Flora: Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz |volume=2 | pages=100–103}}</ref> [[R.W. Butcher|Butcher's]] highly influential 1967 phylogeny of all then-known Cryptophytes did not recognize ''Rhodomonas'', reclassifying all previously described Rhodomonas species as ''[[Chroomonas]]''.<ref>{{Citation |last=Butcher |year=1967 |title=An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters.}}</ref>
Between 1982 and 1986, a series of [[ultrastructure]] studies by Uwe J. Santore found considerable morphological inconsistencies within Butcher's ''Chroomonas'', leading him to identify the new genus ''[[Pyrenomonas]]'' in 1984.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Santore UJ |title=Comparative ultrastructure of two members of the Cryptophyceae assigned to the genus Chroomonas — with comments on their taxonomy |journal=Arch. Protistenkd. |volume=125 |issue=1–4 |pages=5–29 |date=1982 |doi=10.1016/S0003-9365(82)80002-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Santore UJ |title=Some aspects of taxonomy in the Cryptophyceae |journal=New Phytol. |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=627–46 |date=1984 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb04153.x |doi-access=free }}</ref> Two years later, he revived genus ''Rhodomonas'' and proposed the existence of a clade largely consisting of "reddish-brown cryptomonads".<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Santore UJ |title=A cytological survey of the genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae) with comments on its taxonomy |journal=Arch. Protistenkd. |volume=130 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–52 |date=1985 |doi=10.1016/S0003-9365(85)80031-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Santore UJ |title=The Ultrastructure of Pyrenomonas heteromorpha comb. nov. (Cryptophyceae) |journal=Botanica Marina |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=75–82 |date=1986 |doi=10.1515/botm.1986.29.1.75|s2cid=84262672 }}</ref> Expanding upon Santore's research, in 1988 D.R.A. Hill and R. Wetherbee analyzed various cryptomonads that had been treated as ''[[Cryptochrysis]]'' by early 20th century researchers. From this they identified several new species of ''Rhodomonas'', and introduced the new genus ''[[Rhinomonas]]''.<ref name=hillbee/> Hill would identify another "reddish-brown cryptomonad" genus in 1991, ''[[Storeatula]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hill|first=D. R. A.|date=1991-03-01|title=A revised circumscription of Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae) based on examination of Australian strains|journal=Phycologia|language=EN|volume=30|issue=2|pages=170–188|doi=10.2216/i0031-8884-30-2-170.1}}</ref> In 1989, Hill and Wetherbee argued that ''Rhodomonas'' was synonymous with ''Pyrenomonas'', triggering an academic debate regarding whether or not each genus should be treated separately.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hill D, Wetherbee R |title=A reappraisal of the genus Rhodomonas (Cryptophyceae) |journal=Phycologia |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=143–158 |date=1989 |doi=10.2216/i0031-8884-28-2-143.1}}</ref> This debate remains unresolved as of 2019.<ref name=nova2012>{{cite journal |last=Novarino |first=G. |date=2012 |title=Cryptomonad taxonomy in the 21st century: The first 200 years |journal=Phycological Reports: Current Advances in Algal Taxonomy and Its Applications: Phylogenetic, Ecological and Applied Perspective |pages=19–52 |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265520014 |access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>
The earliest reference to Pyrenomonadaceae in an approximately modern sense was made by Gianfranco Novarino and Ian Lucas in their 1993 classification scheme for the [[Cryptophyceae]].<ref name=N&L/> In this classification scheme, the family included ''Rhinomonas'' and ''Pyrenomonas''. An updated scheme in 1999 added ''Storeatula'' as well.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Clay|first1=Brec|last2=Kugrens|first2=Paul|last3=Lee|first3=Robert|date=October 1999|title=A revised classification of Cryptophyta|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=131|issue=2|pages=131–151|via=Oxford Academic|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb01845.x|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Overall monophyly of the Pyrenomonadaceae has been universally supported by electron-microscope and molecular-based studies in the 1990s and 2000s.<ref name=nova2012/> A 2002 phylogenic study of 18s rDNA suggested that, while the family itself was monophyletic, ''Rhodomonas'' was not, with ''[[Rhodomonas abbreviata|R. abbreviata]]'' forming a clade with ''Storeatula'' while all other ''Rhodomonas'' species examined formed a clade with ''Rhinomonas''.<ref>{{Citation |vauthors=Deane et al |year=2002 |title=Cryptomonad Evolution: Nuclear 18S rDNA phylogeny versus cell morphology and pigmentation |journal=Journal of Phycology |volume=38 |issue=6 | pages=1236–1244 | doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01250.x |s2cid=51944218 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> A more comprehensive phylogenetic study in 2014 largely agreed with and expanded upon earlier findings, presenting a preliminary classification scheme with three unnamed clades.<ref>{{Citation |vauthors=Majaneva et al |year=2014 |title=Rhinomonas nottbecki n. sp. (Cryptomonadales) and Molecular Phylogeny of the Family Pyrenomonadaceae |journal=Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology |volume=61 |issue=5 | pages=480–492 | doi=10.1111/jeu.12128 |pmid=24913840 |s2cid=24145879 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
=== Clay et al, 1999 ===
{{Clade |style= font-size:80%; line-height:80% |label1=Pyrenomonadaceae |1={{Clade |1=''[[Rhinomonas]]'' |2=''[[Pyrenomonas]]'' |3=''[[Storeatula]]'' }} }}
=== Deane et al, 2002 ===
{{Clade|style= font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1="Clade E" Cryptomonads |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''[[Rhodomonas]]'' sp. |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''[[Rhodomonas maculata]]'' |2=''[[Rhodomonas marina]]'' }} |2=''[[Rhinomonas]]'' }} }} |2=''[[Pyrenomonas]]'' |3={{Clade |1=''[[Storeatula]]'' |2=''[[Rhodomonas abbreviata]]'' }} }} }}
=== Majaneva et al, 2014 ===
{{Clade|style= font-size:80%; line-height:80%|label1=Pyrenomonadaceae |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''[[Rhodomonas duplex]]'' |2=''[[Rhodomonas marina]]'' |3={{Clade |1=''[[Storeatula]]'' sp. |2=''[[Rhodomonas abbreviata]]'' }} }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''[[Rhodomonas lens]]'' |2=''[[Rhodomonas]]'' sp. }} |2={{Clade |1=''[[Rhodomonas baltica]]'' |2=''[[Rhodomonas]]'' sp. }} }} |3={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''[[Rhinomonas pauca]]'' |2=''[[Storeatula major]]'' }} |2={{Clade |1=''[[Rhinomonas reticulata]]'' |2=''[[Rhinomonas nottbecki]]'' }} }} }} }}
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{Cryptista}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q16191770}}
[[Category:Cryptomonads]] [[Category:Cryptista families]]