{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Pyrenodesmia_variabilis_1307108.jpg | image_caption = ''Pyrenodesmia variabilis'' | taxon = Pyrenodesmia | authority = A.Massal. (1852) | type_species = ''Pyrenodesmia chalybaea'' | type_species_authority = (Fr.) A.Massal. (1853) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text }}
'''''Pyrenodesmia''''' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/> The genus currently includes 23 recognized species but is believed to contain many more unnamed taxa. The genus was circumscribed in 1852 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo.<ref name="Massalongo 1852"/> It is characterised by the complete absence of anthraquinones and the presence of Sedifolia-gray pigments in both the thallus and apothecia. These lichens are typically found in calcareous outcrops in the Northern Hemisphere, with biodiversity centres in the Mediterranean basin, Central Asia, and arid regions of western North America.
==Taxonomy== The genus ''Pyrenodesmia'' was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo (1852). In his original conception, Massalongo included four species (''P. agardhiana'', ''P. chalybaea'', ''P. olivacea'', and ''P. variabilis'') and three infraspecific taxa (''P. variabilis'' β. ''lilacina'', ''P. variabilis'' δ. ''pulchella'', and ''P. variabilis'' γ. ''fusca'').<ref name="Massalongo 1852"/> These taxa all grow on calcareous outcrops, lack anthraquinones, and have Sedifolia‐gray both in their thallus and apothecia.<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020"/> Ulf Arup and colleagues (2013) resurrected the genus, recognizing both ''Pyrenodesmia'' ''sensu stricto'' and the informal group ''Pyrenodesmia'' ''sensu lato''. ''Pyrenodesmia'' sensu stricto includes species that lack anthraquinones and possess Sedifolia-gray, while ''Pyrenodesmia'' sensu lato also includes species with anthraquinones in the apothecia. The taxonomy of the genus remains complex, with several taxa awaiting more robust data for proper classification.<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020"/>
==Description== ''Pyrenodesmia'' species have a crustose, {{lichengloss|epithallic|epi-}} or {{lichengloss|endolithic}} thallus that is white, gray, or brown in colour. The {{lichengloss|cortex}} is usually represented by an alveolate cortex and is {{lichengloss|paraplectenchymatous}}. The apothecia are {{lichengloss|zeorine}} or rarely {{lichengloss|biatorine}} in form, with brown, gray, or black {{lichengloss|discs}} and {{lichengloss|true exciples}}. {{lichengloss|Ascospores}} are {{lichengloss|polar-diblastic}} with a short to large long septum. {{lichengloss|Pycnidia}} are present or absent, gray or black, and {{lichengloss|conidia}} are {{lichengloss|bacilliform}} to somewhat spherical. In ''Pyrenodesmia'', the thalli, apothecia, and pycnidia always lack anthraquinones but have Sedifolia-gray pigments.<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020"/>
==Habitat and distribution== ''Pyrenodesmia'' species are mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region, Central Asia, and desert regions of western North America, with a few taxa found in other parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. They exclusively grow on rocks, inhabiting calcareous outcrops in Europe and base-rich siliceous outcrops in Central Asia and the United States. These lichens can be found in sunlit conditions from coast to alpine zones, with some species such as ''P. helygeoides'' growing on acidic siliceous boulders in water.<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020"/>
==Species==
*''Pyrenodesmia aetnensis'' {{small|(B.de Lesd.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia albopruinosa'' {{small|(Arnold) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia albopustulata'' {{small|(Khodos. & S.Y.Kondr.) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia alociza'' {{small|(A.Massal.) Arnold (1884)}} *''Pyrenodesmia aractina'' {{small|(Fr.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia badioreagens'' {{small|(Tretiach & Muggia) Søchting, Arup & Frödén (2013)}} *''Pyrenodesmia bicolor'' {{small|(H.Magn.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia bullata'' {{small|(Müll.Arg.) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia ceracea'' {{small|(J.R.Laundon) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia chalybaea'' {{small|(Fr.) A.Massal. (1852)}} *''Pyrenodesmia concreticola'' {{small|(Vondrák & Khodos.) Søchting, Arup & Frödén (2013)}} *''Pyrenodesmia duplicata'' {{small|(Vain.) S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2017)}} *''Pyrenodesmia erodens'' {{small|(Tretiach, Pinna & Grube) Søchting, Arup & Frödén (2013)}} *''Pyrenodesmia haematites'' {{small|(Chaub. ex St.-Amans) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia helygeoides'' {{small|(Vain.) Arnold (1897)}} *''Pyrenodesmia micromarina'' {{small|(Frolov, Khodos. & Vondrák) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia micromontana'' {{small|(Frolov, Wilk & Vondrák) Hafellner & Türk (2016)}} *''Pyrenodesmia microstepposa'' {{small|(Frolov, Nadyeina, Khodos. & Vondrák) Hafellner & Türk (2016)}} *''Pyrenodesmia molariformis'' {{small|(Frolov, Vondrák, Nadyeina & Khodos.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia peliophylla'' {{small|(Tuck.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia pratensis'' {{small|(Wetmore) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia tianshanensis'' {{small|(Xahidin, A.Abbas & J.C.Wei) I.V.Frolov & Vondrák (2020)}} *''Pyrenodesmia variabilis'' {{small|(Pers.) A.Massal. (1852)}} *''Pyrenodesmia vernadskiensis'' {{small|S.Y.Kondr., T.O.Kondratiuk & I.Yu.Parnikoza (2020)}}<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2020"/> – Western coast of Antarctic Peninsula *''Pyrenodesmia viridirufa'' {{small|(Ach.) S.Y.Kondr. (2020)}}
==References== {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Frolov et al. 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Frolov |first1=Ivan |last2=Vondrák |first2=Jan |last3=Košnar |first3=Jiří |last4=Arup |first4=Ulf |title=Phylogenetic relationships within ''Pyrenodesmia'' sensu lato and the role of pigments in its taxonomic interpretation |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |year=2020 |volume=59 |issue=3 |doi=10.1111/jse.12717 |pages=454–474 |bibcode=2021JSyEv..59..454F |s2cid=234535735}}</ref>
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<ref name="Massalongo 1852">{{cite journal |last1=Massalongo |first1=A.B. |year=1852 |title=Monografia dei licheni blasteniospori |journal=Atti dell'Istituto Veneto Scienze |series=ser 2 |issue=3(App. 3) |pages=5–131 [119] |language=it}}</ref>
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Category:Teloschistales Category:Lichen genera Category:Teloschistales genera Category:Taxa described in 1853 Category:Taxa named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo