Pumiri

{{Infobox mountain | name = Pumiri | image = Cerro Pumiri from space.JPG | image_caption = Pumiri as seen from space | elevation_m = 4862 | elevation_ref = | prominence_m = | prominence_ref = | location = Bolivia, <br>Oruro Department, Sabaya Province | range = Andes | map = Bolivia | range_coordinates = | map_caption = Location in Bolivia | label_position = right | map_size = 200 | coordinates = {{coord|19|00|00|S|68|26|00|W|type:mountain_region:BO_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = <ref name="FrancisWells1988" /> | type = | age = | last_eruption = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = }} '''Pumiri''' is a {{convert|4862|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} volcano in the Andes that rises {{convert|1062|m}} above the surrounding terrain.<ref name="FrancisWells1988" /> The volcano is located in the Oruro Department, Sabaya Province, northwest of the Salar de Coipasa.<ref name="JiménezCano2008" />

The volcano is formed from two volcanic cones. The younger of which may be of Holocene age and is constructed in the middle of a caldera marked by a semilunar shape.<ref name="GeologischesJahrbuch" />{{rp|141}} Thanks to heavy erosion, lavas and eruption products are mostly found in peripheral parts of the edifice, while in the central area a deep-grounded crystalline core is exposed.<ref name="Mineralogie" />{{rp|150}} A breach {{convert|3.5|km}} wide and {{convert|5.5|km}} long with an azimuth of 139° lies in the volcano, whose summit has a maximum slope of 25°.<ref name="FrancisWells1988" /> The volcano forms a lineament with Saxani and Isluga.<ref name="Avila-Salinas1991" />

The creeks named Qhamiña ''(Camiña)'' and on the western side Waywasi ''(Guayhuase)'' originate on the volcano.<ref name="Billinghurst1893" />{{rp|101}} Sulfur deposits on the volcano were exploited by indigenous people.<ref name="Billinghurst1886" />{{rp|63}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="FrancisWells1988">{{cite journal|last1=Francis|first1=P. W.|last2=Wells|first2=G. L.|title=Landsat Thematic Mapper observations of debris avalanche deposits in the Central Andes|journal=Bulletin of Volcanology|volume=50|issue=4|year=1988|issn=0258-8900|doi=10.1007/BF01047488|page=261|bibcode=1988BVol...50..258F |s2cid=128824938 }}</ref> <ref name="JiménezCano2008">{{cite journal|last1=Jiménez|first1=J.A.|last2=Cano|first2=M.J.|title=Taxonomic assessment of ''Didymodon pruinosus'' (Mitt.) R.H. Zander (Bryophyta, Pottiaceae) a poorly known South American taxon|journal=Nova Hedwigia|volume=87|issue=1|year=2008|page=146|issn=0029-5035|doi=10.1127/0029-5035/2008/0087-0145}}</ref> <ref name="GeologischesJahrbuch">{{cite book|title=Geologisches Jahrbuch: Allgemeine und regionale Geologie Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Nachbargebiete, Tektonik, Stratigraphie, Paläontologie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghocAQAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung in Kommission|language=de}}</ref> <ref name="Mineralogie">{{cite book|title=Archives de minéralogie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zRwJAAAAIAAJ|year=1934|language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="Avila-Salinas1991">{{cite book|last1=Avila-Salinas|first1=Waldo|title=Andean Magmatism and Its Tectonic Setting |chapter=Petrologic and tectonic evolution of the Cenozoic volcanism in the Bolivian western Andes|series=Geological Society of America Special Papers |volume=265|year=1991|page=248|issn=0072-1077|doi=10.1130/SPE265-p245|isbn=0-8137-2265-9 }}</ref> <ref name="Billinghurst1893">{{cite book|author=Guillermo Eduardo Billinghurst|title=La irrigación en Tarapacá|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQBLAAAAYAAJ|year=1893|publisher=Imprenta y Librería Ercilla.|language=es}}</ref> <ref name="Billinghurst1886">{{cite book|author=Guillermo Eduardo Billinghurst|title=Estudio sobre la geografía de Tarapacá: (páginas de un libro).|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aXVAAAAMAAJ|year=1886|publisher=Imprenta de "El Progreso"|language=es}}</ref>}}

Category:Volcanoes of Oruro Department Category:Extinct volcanoes Category:Four-thousanders of the Andes