{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox |fossil_range= {{fossil range|<!-- Middle -->Cenomanian|Recent|ref=<ref name="Kaim 2008"/>}} |image = Alviniconcha hessleri.jpg |image_caption = Two preserved individuals of ''Alviniconcha hessleri'' |taxon = Provannidae |authority= Warén & Ponder, 1991 <ref>Warén & Ponder (1991), Zoologica Scripta, 20(1): 50</ref> |synonyms = Pseudonininae <small>Bertolaso & Palazzi, 1994</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name = "WoRMS" /> |type_genus= ''Provanna'' <small>Dall, 1918</small> |display_parents= 3 }}
'''Provannidae''' is a family of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfmaily Abyssochrysoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 and updated in 2008 by Kaim et al.).<ref name="WoRMS">MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Provannidae Warén & Ponder, 1991. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382206 on 2021-03-15</ref>
The genera ''Provanna'' and ''Desbruyeresia'' have smaller and slender shells, while the shells of ''Alviniconcha'' and ''Ifremeria'' are larger and swollen. The shells of these two last genera house a hypertrophied ctenidium large quantities of symbiotic bacteria.
== Habitat == These snails are part of the fauna of the deep-sea hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, whale falls, and sunken driftwood environments.<ref name="Suzuki">Suzuki Y. et al. (2006). "Single host and symbiont lineages of hydrothermal-vent gastropods ''Ifremeria nautilei'' (Provannidae): biogeography and evolution". ''Marine ecology''. Progress series. '''315''': 167-175. [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17926645 abstract].</ref>
== Taxonomy == The family Provaniidae was previously placed in the "Zygopleuroid group" (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
Subsequently, Provaniidae was placed in the superfamily Abyssochrysoidea Tomlin, 1927.<ref name="Kaim 2008">Kaim A., Jenkins R. G. & Warén A. (2008). "Provannid and provannid−like gastropods from Late Cretaceous cold seeps of Hokkaido (Japan) and the fossil record of the Provannidae (Gastropoda: Abyssochrysoidea)". ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''154'''(3): 421-436. {{doi|10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00431.x}}.</ref>
There are some affinities with the Littorinoidea as shown by molecular data <ref>Colgan D. J., Ponder W. F., Beacham E. & Macaranas J. (2006). "Molecular phylogenetics of Caenogastropoda (Gastropoda: Mollusca)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''42'''(3): 717-737. {{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2006.10.009}} [http://www.bio-nica.info/Biblioteca/Colgan2006Caenogastropoda.pdf PDF]</ref> and sperm ultrastructure <ref>Healy, J. M. 1990. ''Taxonomic affinities of the deep-sea genus Provanna: new evidence from sperm structure''; J. Molluscan Stud. 56: 119-122</ref>
Multi-gene analysis has shown that the family Provannidae is paraphyletic. It is being treated as belonging to the superfamily Abyssochrysoidea until a new family-level revision has been undertaken.<ref name="Johnson">S. B. JOHNSON, A. WARÉN, R. W. LEE, Y. KANO, A. KAIM, A. DAVIS, E. E. STRONG and R. C. VRIJENHOEK, Rubyspira, new genus and two new species of bone-eating deep-sea snails with ancient habits; Biological Bulletin, Vol. 219, No. 2 (October 2010), pp. 166-177</ref>
== Genera == Genera within the family Provannidae include: * ''Alviniconcha'' <small>Okutani & Ohta, 1988</small> * ''Cordesia'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 2009</small> - with the only species ''Cordesia provannoides'' Warén & Bouchet, 2009<ref name="Warén 2009">Warén A. & Bouchet P. (2009). "New gastropods from deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps off West Africa". ''Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography'' '''56'''(23): 2326-2349. {{doi|10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.04.013}}</ref> * ''Desbruyeresia'' <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1993</small> * ''Ifremeria'' <small>Bouchet & Warén, 1991</small> ** ''Ifremeria nautilei'' - this species has endosymbiotic bacteria, which provide "food" via chemoautotrophy.<ref name="Suzuki"/> * ''Provanna'' <small>Dall, 1918</small> * ''Rubyspira'' <small>Johnson et al., 2010</small> (not assigned to a family) <ref name="Johnson" /> ;Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Olgaconcha'' <small>L. Beck, 1991</small>: synonym of ''Ifremeria'' Bouchet & Warén, 1991
== References == {{Commons category|Provannidae}} {{Reflist}} * Warén, A., and W.F. Ponder. 1991, ''New species, anatomy, and systematic position of the hydrothermal vent and hydrocarbon seep gastropod family Provannidae fam. n. (Caenogastropoda)''. Zool Scr. 20: 27–56.
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Category:Provannidae Category:Gastropod families Category:Taxa named by Anders Herman Warén Category:Taxa named by Winston Ponder