Proprietary House

{{short description|Historic house in New Jersey, United States}} {{Use American English|date=July 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}} {{Infobox NRHP | name = The Proprietary House | nrhp_type = | nrhp_type2 = | nrhp_type3 = | nrhp_type4 = | designated_other1 = | designated_other1_name = New Jersey Register of Historic Places | designated_other1_abbr = NJRHP | designated_other1_color = #ffc94b | designated_other1_link = New Jersey Register of Historic Places | designated_other2 = | designated_other2_name = | designated_other2_abbr = | designated_other2_color = | designated_other2_link = | designated_other3 = | designated_other3_name = | designated_other3_abbr = | designated_other3_color = | designated_other3_link = | partof = | partof_refnum = | image = ProprietaryHousePerthAmboy.JPG | image_size = 250 | alt = | caption = Proprietary House in 2009 | district_map = | locmapin = USA New Jersey Middlesex County | map_label = | label_position = | label_size = | label_background = | map_width = 235 | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|40|30|13|N|74|16|09|W|region:US-NJ_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | location = 149 Kearny Ave <br/>Perth Amboy, NJ 08861 | nearest_city = Edison, New Jersey, U.S. | area = {{convert|0.6|acre|km2}} | built = 1762 | builder = John Edward Pryor<ref name=history_construction>{{cite web|title=History: Construction|url=http://theproprietaryhouse.org/History_Construction.html|website=The Proprietary House|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> | demolished = | restored = began in 1985 | restored_by = [http://www.theproprietaryhouse.org The Proprietary House Association] | architect = John Edward Pryor<ref name="history_construction"/> | architecture = Georgian | sculptor = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | mpsub = | sigdate1_label = | sigdate1 = | sigdate2_label = | sigdate2 = | sigdate3_label = | sigdate3 = | added = | increase = | increase2 = | increase3 = | decrease = | decrease2 = | decrease3 = | delisted = | designated_nrhp_type = February 24, 1971<ref name=nrhp/> | designated_nrhp_type2 = | designated_nrhp_type3 = | designated_nrhp_type4 = | designated_other1_date = September 11, 1970<ref name=njrhp/> | designated_other2_date = | designated_other3_date = | delisted_nrhp_type = | delisted_nrhp_type2 = | delisted_nrhp_type3 = | delisted_nrhp_type4 = | delisted_other1_date = | delisted_other2_date = | delisted_other3_date = | refnum = 71000509<ref name=nrhp>{{cite web|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form|url={{NRHP url|id=71000509}}|website=National Park Service|publisher=US Department of the Interior|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> | increase_refnum = | increase2_refnum = | increase3_refnum = | decrease_refnum = | decrease2_refnum = | decrease3_refnum = | designated_other1_number = 1900<ref name=njrhp>{{cite web|title=New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places|url=http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/middlesex.pdf|website=NJ DEP|publisher=Historic Preservation Office|accessdate=7 November 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107045405/http://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/middlesex.pdf|archivedate=7 November 2014}}</ref> | designated_other1_num_position = bottom | designated_other2_number = | designated_other2_num_position = both | designated_other3_number = | designated_other3_num_position = both }}

'''Proprietary House''' in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, United States, is a historic proprietary governor's mansion, the only one from the original Thirteen Colonies still standing. Overseen by architect and builder John Edward Pryor, construction began in 1762 and was completed in 1764.

The Georgian style "mansion" was first occupied by Chief Justice Frederick Smyth by rent and approval of "The Proprietors" on April 10, 1766, to 1773. In May 1773, the mansion was repaired and fitted to be the residence of the royal governor of New Jersey, and leased by the proprietors as such.

==History== ===18th century=== thumb|In the late 19th century, Proprietary House was The Brighton, a luxury hotel at the time The home was occupied temporarily, 1774 to 1776, by the Royal Governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, the illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin.<ref>{{cite web|title=History - Royal Governor's Mansion|url=http://www.theproprietaryhouse.org/History_Royal_Governor.html|website=The Proprietary House|accessdate=9 November 2014}}</ref>

====American Revolution==== In January 1776, he was ordered to be held under house arrest on order of the Provincial Congress of New Jersey and under guard of the Committee of Safety. In June 1776, after the onset of hostilities between Great Britain and the fledgling nation, he was ordered arrested and taken to Princeton for trial and then imprisoned in Litchfield, Connecticut until his release in a prisoner exchange in 1778.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gerlach|first1=Larry R.|title=New Jersey in the American Revolution, 1763-1783: A Documentary History|date=1975|publisher=New Jersey Historical Commission|pages=209–210|url=http://www.njstatelib.org/slic_files/imported/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/NJInTheAmericanRevolution1763-1783/7.4.pdf|accessdate=9 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110051915/http://www.njstatelib.org/slic_files/imported/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/NJInTheAmericanRevolution1763-1783/7.4.pdf|archive-date=10 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Either during or after the American Revolutionary War, the House suffered extensive damage. A fire gutted the interior.{{efn|In the graphic novel ''Here'', author Richard McGuire shows the house burning in the year 1783.<ref>{{cite book|first=Richard |last=McGuire |title=Here|publisher=Pantheon Books|date=2014}}</ref> }} On February 29, 1792, an ad in the ''New Jersey Journal and Political Intelligencer'' stated "to be sold ... eleven acres of land ... the property of the proprietors of East New Jersey.... The remains of the house lately burned, will be nearly sufficient for a new building."<ref>{{cite news|title=Advertisement|date=February 29, 1792 |work=New Jersey Journal and Political Intelligencer}}</ref>

The property was not sold until John Rattoon, later to become mayor of Perth Amboy, New Jersey,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Francy|first1=George|title=Images of America: South Amboy|date=2001|publisher=Arcadia|location=5th paragraph|isbn=0738538507|page=17|chapter=Introduction}}</ref> purchased it for $1,051 in 1794. (Rattoon, a Perth Amboy merchant, had carefully concealed his work as a spy for the British during the war.)<ref name=NJgov>{{cite web|title=Proprietary House|work=New Jersey Historic Trust|url=https://www.nj.gov/dca/njht/funded/sitedetails/proprietary_house.shtml|access-date=May 28, 2025}}</ref> He tore down the damaged rear portion of the upper story, put on a roof, and refurbished the interior.<ref name=NJgov />

===19th century=== ====The Brighton Hotel==== In 1808, Rattoon sold the property to Richard M. Woodhull of New York City, who converted it into a hotel called The Brighton.<ref name=BrightonWestminster>{{cite web|url=https://www.theproprietaryhouse.org/brighton-westminster | title=Brighton & Westminster 1792 -1904 |work=Proprietary House|access-date=May 28, 2025}}</ref>

In addition to building a three-story wing, Woodhull added two stories to the main block. The smaller lintels of the third-floor windows indicate the change. (During the 1986 restoration, the attic chimneys revealed that the original roof had been only about eight feet lower than the present one.) Woodhull replaced the huge front door, the outline of which is still distinguishable in the brick pattern. The massive brownstone steps were replaced with a two-story porch. A door leading to the second story of the porch replaced the Venetian window. Almost all of the present woodwork dates from the 1808–1809 period. It was then that the two handsome interior arches were constructed.

On May 27, 1809, the ''New-York Gazette'' described The Brighton Hotel as a "charming place, magnificent by nature and elegant by art."{{cn|date=May 2025}}

The Brighton briefly flourished until the War of 1812 brought an end to tourism and the lifeblood of the hotel.

====The Bruen House==== In 1817, it was sold at sheriff's sale to Matthias Bruen, a Perth Amboy merchant who had become one of the wealthiest men in the nation. He resided there until his death in 1846;<ref name=BrightonWestminster /> his descendants made large contributions to America's social and political history.

The Bruen heirs renovated the property and renamed it as The Brighton.<ref name=BrightonWestminster /> It was adapted again as a hotel, but with modest accommodations.

Interruptions caused by the Mexican-American (1846–1848) and Civil Wars (1861–1865), however, doomed the project.

==== The Westminster ==== In subsequent years, the original 11.5-acre site was subdivided. In 1883, the Bruen family conveyed the property to the Presbyterian Board of Relief for Disabled Ministers and the Wives and Orphans of Deceased Ministers, where it was used as a home for the families of deceased ministers.<ref name=BrightonWestminster /> After 20 years, the Presbytery returned the property to the Bruen family.<ref name=BrightonWestminster />

===20th century=== In 1904, the family sold the property.<ref name=BrightonWestminster /> Most of its eleven acres were divided into building lots, and Kearny Avenue was cut through. The house experienced a series of owners. Over the years, it changed from a comfortable apartment house with a public restaurant to a rooming house.

=== 21st century === Now owned by the State of New Jersey, a portion of the building is operated as a museum by the Proprietary House Association. The upper floors of the original building and the 1809 wing are occupied by professional offices.

The first floor and basement of the Proprietary House have been undergoing extensive repairs and restoration by the non-profit Proprietary House Association.{{when|date=July 2025}} The New Jersey Historic Trust and the Division of Parks and Forestry of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, along with private contributors, have greatly supported the effort to restore some of the former glory of the building.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

==Restoration== In 1914, a group of Perth Amboy citizens founded the Westminster Historical Society to raise funds to purchase and restore the Proprietary House. In the late 1930s, the house was measured and plans drawn by the Historical American Building Survey for a record of this significant property. The plans and photos are held by the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Realizing that the importance of the property was as the Proprietary House and not as the Westminster, the Proprietary House Association was incorporated on September 7, 1966, to succeed the Westminster Historical Society. The state was persuaded to purchase the property, and it was placed on both the State and National Registers of Historic Places.

Mainly with volunteer help, the association cleaned out years of accumulated debris and removed walls that had divided the great rooms. The first two floors were open to visitors in 1976. Gradually, it became recognized that the Proprietary House is of state and national as well as local significance. However, the process of decay continually outpaced the process of restoration. Neither the association or the state were able to pay for historically accurate restoration. In 1985, the Restoration Partnership of Boston, with William S. Pavlovsky as a principal, proposed a plan under which the partnership would lease the house and 3.5 acres of surrounding land for 25 years. At its cost, the Partnership would restore and renovate the exterior, and finish the interior of the 1809 wing and the upper floors of the main block as offices. Income from the offices would reimburse the partnership. The plan was implemented in 1986. The ground and first floors of the original mansion are leased by the State to the Proprietary House Association, which is charged with raising funds for programming, interpretation, and historically accurate restoration.

In late 2011, a historically accurate re-restoration began. Through paint analysis, soon{{when|date=July 2025}} each room on the first floor and basement levels will depict a colorful timeline of its many past occupants. The color of the rooms can now{{when|date=July 2025}} be seen and experienced as they were through the eyes of those viewing them in their era. This museum is a hands-on introduction to the events and people that helped shape this nation's history.

Throughout these phases, the house/museum is always open for tours, events, and exhibits.

==In popular culture== The Richard McGuire graphic novel ''Here'' is set on the grounds of the Proprietary House, primarily in a family home built on one of the land lots sold in 1904. A flashback sequence briefly depicts the political conflict between Benjamin Franklin and his son William.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sante|first1=Luc|title=Richard McGuire's 'Here'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/18/books/review/richard-mcguires-here.html|accessdate=December 7, 2016|work=The New York Times|date=October 12, 2015}}</ref>

== Notes == {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category}} *[http://www.theproprietaryhouse.org The Proprietary House - Royal Governor's Mansion] *[http://www.historicmapworks.com/Buildings/index.php?state=NJ&city=Perth%20Amboy&id=23298 Survey Photos, Drawings, Documentation]

Category:American Revolutionary War museums in New Jersey Category:Colonial government in America Category:Former governors' mansions in the United States Category:Georgian architecture in New Jersey Category:Governor of New Jersey Category:Historic house museums in New Jersey Category:History of the Thirteen Colonies Category:Houses completed in 1764 Category:Houses in Middlesex County, New Jersey Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey Category:Museums in Middlesex County, New Jersey Category:National Register of Historic Places in Middlesex County, New Jersey Category:New Jersey in the American Revolution Category:New Jersey Register of Historic Places Category:Perth Amboy, New Jersey