{{for|the hardware revision of the Xbox One|Project Scorpio}} {{refimprove|date=February 2012}}
'''Project Scorpion''' is a multinational military modernization program which uses military-run experimentation for acquisition of new armaments. Project Scorpion also tests new military behaviors such as effects-based operations, network-centric warfare, and irregular warfare and civilian-military concepts.
== Origins == Originally a U.S. Army concept, Project Scorpion was the new name for the former Intelligent Munitions System (IMS),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928022410/http://www.pica.army.mil/pmccs/docs/Scorpion.pdf "XM1100 Scorpion Completes Successful End-to-End Live Fire Testing"], Jan 2010, Project Manager Close Combat Systems (PM CCS), U.S. Army Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology,</ref> was re-baptized in its new name around 2004 under the Future Combat System (FCS) framework, this a program which was cancelled in April 2009 by Secretary of Defense Robert Gates; parts of the FCS were swept within the U.S. Army Brigade Combat Team Modernization Program under the U.S. Army Office for Acquisition, Research and Development.
From the outset in 2004, the U.S. Department of Defense promoted Project Scorpion as a means of providing domestic military interoperability, i.e. inter-agency operational facilitation U.S. military bodies such as the Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard. Yet Project Scorpion was also promoted internationally by the U.S. Department of Defense as a means of promoting multinational interoperability for closer U.S. integration with coalition (NATO) militaries. In this light, Project Scorpion was easily adopted by Defense Ministry acquisitions agencies of France, Germany and the United Kingdom; Non-NATO partners appear to have been invited to participate.
As from 2010, it would appear that the United States (DOD) and France (DGA) are the lead-players in the multinational Project Scorpion coalition.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}
Project Scorpion uses part of the system of systems principles. Such military modernization efforts are part of a wider military concept of Revolution in military affairs, or "RMA". Larger defense companies serving as lead-system integrators for Project Scorpion include Northrop Grumman/EADS, Raytheon/Thales and General Dynamics, SAIC, SAGEM, Lockheed Martin Marietta and Boeing. Budget outlays for Project Scorpion are quite large - ranges of billions of dollars (and Euros) in various countries.
== Project Scorpion as a joint-multinational experiment program ==
Press reports indicate that Project Scorpion was intended for "NATO Interoperability".<ref>[http://www.afcea.org/signal/articles/templates/SIGNAL_Article_Template.asp?articleid=1688&zoneid=47 "Digital Future Force Emerges"], Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association,, September 2008.</ref> In this light French, German, U.K and U.S. military descriptions of Project Scorpion are similar, using the same defense companies serve as "lead systems integrators" for the program. Project Scorpion is a facet of the Revolution in Military Affairs modernization program known in the U.S. as Future Combat Systems (FCS), in the UK as Future Rapid Effect System (FRES), in Germany known as Infanterist der Zukunft (IdZ), and in France as FÉLIN, an abbreviation for ''Fantassin à Équipments et Liaisons Intégrés'' (Integrated Infantryman Equipment and Communications). All such programs are designed using the "System of Systems" (SOS) military concept philosophy, whereby humans, munitions and "sensors" are jointly used to achieve desired military objectives, these being part of a wider concept under a RMA, or "Revolution in Military Affairs umbrella. None of this nomenclature is especially descriptive or specific in terms of outputs, non-descript nomenclature perhaps being perhaps the hallmark of activities and operations under the Project Scorpion umbrella.
== Project Scorpion in France == Project Scorpion is viewed as a new means of practicing procurement by the French military, in the same manner as the controversial Boeing-SAIC Future Combat Systems program, and British Future Rapid Effects program.<ref>[http://www.trainingsystems.org/publications/04-Aug07.pdf French to Set Road Map for Army Network], Defense News, August 2007</ref>
Project Scorpion supports the French FÉLIN infantry combat system. France views Project Scorpion as “preparation for future land combat systems, intended to build an armaments program to support [military] transformation,” to be operationalized as a “system of contact for versatile capabilities and information networking,”.<ref>[http://www.trainingsystems.org/publications/04-Aug07.pdf French to Set Road Map for Army Network], Defense News, August 2007</ref>
On 22 February 2010, France launched an "investigation phase" of Project Scorpion under the aegis of a special military ''investment committee'' (''Comité ministériel des investissements'')<ref>[http://opexnews.over-blog.com/article-cmi-lancement-du-projet-scorpion-45467153.html "CMI: lancement du projet scorpion"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715024335/http://opexnews.over-blog.com/article-cmi-lancement-du-projet-scorpion-45467153.html |date=2011-07-15 }}</ref> composed of the French Minister of Defense, the French Joint Chiefs of Staff and the French arms acquisition authority (Directorate General for Armaments). France has put forth Project Scorpion as a "multinational project"<ref>[http://www.afcea.org/signal/articles/templates/SIGNAL_Article_Template.asp?articleid=1688&zoneid=47 "Digital Future Force Emerges"], Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association,, September 2008.</ref>
== Project Scorpion in the United States ==
=== Project Scorpion and U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence ===
In his May 2006 confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard Commandant Thad Allen described Project Scorpion as "an archetypal national-level collaborative partnership with DHS, DOJ, and DOD counterparts under Coast Guard leadership to identify, track and intercept special interest aliens with possible terrorist or affiliate ties before they arrive in the U.S. via maritime means.".<ref>[http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_senate_hearings&docid=f:28756.pdf S. Hrg. 109-693 -- Nominations of Vice Admiral Thad W. Allen to be Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard and Robert M. McDowell to be a Member of the Federal Communications Commission], March 9, 2006</ref> As well as being a tool for 'intercepting persons deemed as threats' outside the United States, Admiral Allen noted the importance of Project Scorpion as part of the wider U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), pursuing the acquisition of data on the global environment which may have bearing on threats and vulnerabilities to U.S. ports.
=== Project Scorpion probable name for U.S. Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group (DOG) === In 2007, U.S. Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group (DOG) commenced with management of a single command authority to rapidly provide the Coast Guard, DHS, DoD, DoJ and other interagency operational commanders adaptive force packages drawn from the U.S. Coast Guard's deployable specialized force units. An MOU was signed between the Department of the Navy (DON) and U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF) bringing the U.S. Coast Guard into the world of special operations and tactical command. It appears likely that the USCG DOG is the implementation of Project Scorpion.
=== Project Scorpion and U.S. Army Acquisitions, Research and Development === That Project Scorpion was used as an operational tool for moral combat against human beings. The program was approved for qualification testing in spring of 2010. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory Survivability Lethality Analysis Directorate lauded and awarded the project as an achieved "mobility kill".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928022410/http://www.pica.army.mil/pmccs/docs/Scorpion.pdf "XM1100 Scorpion Completes Successful End-to-End Live Fire Testing"], Jan 2010, Project Manager Close Combat Systems (PM CCS), U.S. Army Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology</ref> In "engagements against an approved threat target"<ref>"XM1100 Scorpion Completes Successful End-to-End Live Fire Testing", Jan 2010, Project Manager Close Combat Systems (PM CCS), U.S. Army Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology, http://www.pica.army.mil/pmccs/docs/Scorpion.pdf</ref> claimed that Project Scorpion was useful in urban (civilian) as well as active war domains.
== See also == * Future Combat Systems * USCG Deployable Operations Group (DOG) * Network-centric warfare * Asymmetric warfare * Urban warfare * Joint Unconventional Warfare * Deniable warfare * Maritime Domain Awareness * Global Maritime Situational Awareness * Intelligent Munitions System
==References== {{reflist}}
== Further reading==
=== Project Scorpion in France === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101218164706/http://defenseworld.net/go/defensenews.jsp?n=%20Thales,%20Nexter,%20Sagem%20receive%20Scorpion%20armored%20vehicles%20technical%20architecture%20contract%20&id=5284 Thales, Nexter, Sagem receive Scorpion armored vehicles technical architecture contract], Defenseworld.net, 26 Nov 2010 * [https://docs.google.com/View?docID=dcxhmm43_2306fv5dqmc8&revision=_latest&hgd=1&spi=1 "France sees a Scorpion in its future"]. original: http://apps.militaryperiscope.com/SpecialReports/ShowReport.aspx?report=413 * [http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3358874 France Breaks Acquisition Mold With Scorpion]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, Feb 2010, Defense News * [http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4313062 "Scorpion Program Expected To Transform French Army - Defense News"]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, 5 Oct 2009 * [http://www.sagem-ds.com/spip.php?rubrique130 "Scorpion: French Army's modernization program - Sagem"], 2009 * [http://www.afcea.org/signal/articles/templates/SIGNAL_Article_Template.asp?articleid=1688&zoneid=47 "Digital Future Force Emerges"], Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association, September 2008. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716144856/http://www.stockmarketwatchtoday.com/2010/11/safran-sagem-created-a-company-dedicated-to-the-project-scorpion/ Safran: Sagem created a company dedicated to the Project Scorpion] Stock market watch today, November 2011 * [http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4313062 Scorpion Program Expected To Transform French Army]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} - Defense News, 5 Oct 2009 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110514120312/http://www.defense-update.com/products/b/boa.htm French Air/Land Operational Bubble Net-Enabled Close-Combat System], 2004, Defense Update - International online defense magazine.
=== Project Scorpion in United States === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928022410/http://www.pica.army.mil/pmccs/docs/Scorpion.pdf "XM1100 Scorpion Completes Successful End-to-End Live Fire Testing"], Jan 2010, Project Manager Close Combat Systems (PM CCS) * [http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Northrop_Grumman_Awarded_Contract_For_SCORPION_Unattended_Ground_Sensor_999.html Northrop Grumman Awarded Contract For SCORPION Unattended Ground Sensor], 31 Mar 2008 * [https://www.army.mil/article/1556/product-manager-for-intelligent-munitions-system-receives-charter/ Product Manager for Intelligent Munitions System receives charter], Jan 29, 2007 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110105015814/http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-06/ugs-5.htm "Intelligent Munitions Systems (IMS)"] (2006) U.S. Defense Update - ''Urban warfare special edition'' (online U.S. Defense magazine) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110105102601/http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-06/ugs-4.htm "Development of Urban/MOUT Advanced Sensors (UMASS)"] (2006) U.S. Defense Update - ''Urban warfare special edition'' (online U.S. Defense magazine) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110105052204/http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-06/ugs-3.htm "Future Combat Systems FCS/UGS"] (2006) U.S. Defense Update - ''Urban warfare special edition'' (online U.S. Defense magazine) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110105100755/http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-06/feature-ugs.htm "Unattended Ground Sensors"] (2006) U.S. Defense Update - ''Urban warfare special edition'' (online U.S. Defense magazine) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110105040725/http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-1-06/ugs-2.htm "Ground Surveillance Sensors - Augmenting the UGS"] (2006) U.S. Defense Update - ''Urban warfare special edition'' (online U.S. Defense magazine) * [http://www.afcea.org/signal/articles/templates/SIGNAL_Article_Template.asp?articleid=191&zoneid=7 France Deploys Network-Centric Ground Platform"], (U.S.) Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association, June 2004
=== Project Scorpion in Germany === * [http://www.afcea.org/signal/articles/templates/SIGNAL_Article_Template.asp?articleid=506&zoneid=7 "Bundeswehr Marches Into the Future"], (U.S.) Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association, Henry S. Kenyon, November 2004
=== Project Scorpion in Israel === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150917231722/http://defense-update.com/products/i/iron-fist.htm Iron Fist Active Protection System (APS)], Defense update (US DOD) 2009.
=== Project Scorpion in United Kingdom ===
== Government == * [http://www.defense.gouv.fr/dga/equipement/terrestre/le-programme-scorpion Programme Scorpion (France) French military acquisitions authority (DGA) - Official webpage] * [http://www.defense.gouv.fr/dga/equipement/terrestre French military acquisitions programs run under Programme Scorpion - official webpage] * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121007205602/http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2009MES/Nulk.pdf NDIA 2009 Munitions Executive Summit] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121007205542/http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2010MES/Horton.pdf U.S. Naval acquisition authority for Project Scorpion (DTIC)]
Category:United States Army projects Category:Military equipment of France