{{redirect|Progresista|the Argentine football club|Club Progresista}} {{Infobox political party | colorcode = {{party color|Progressive Party (Spain)}} |name = Progressive Party | native_name = Partido Progresista | leader = [[Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos|Juan Prim]] (last) | founder = [[Juan Álvarez Mendizábal]] | foundation = {{Start date and age|1834}} | dissolved = {{End date and age|1874}} | successor = [[Constitutional Party (Spain)|Constitutional Party]] | ideology = [[Liberalism]] ([[Liberalism and radicalism in Spain|Spanish]])<br>[[Progressivism]]<br>[[Federalism in Spain|Federalism]]<br>[[Anti-clericalism]] | position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] | country = Spain }}
The '''Progressive Party''' ({{langx|es|Partido Progresista}}) was one of the two [[Spain|Spanish]] political parties that contended for power during the reign of [[Isabel II of Spain|Isabel II]] (reigned 1833–1868). It was to the [[left-wing politics|left]] of the opposing [[Moderate Party (Spain)|Moderate Party]] ({{langx|es|Partido Moderado}}) but also characterised itself as [[liberalism|liberal]]. Like the Moderate Party, it supported Isabel against the claims of the [[Carlists]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vilches |first=Jorge |date=2007 |title=Nación, libertad, revolución. El patriotismo liberal entre el dos de mayo y la reunión de Cortes (1808-1810) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.25267/cuad_ilus_romant.2007.i15.09 |journal=Cuadernos de Ilustración y Romanticismo |issue=15 |pages=193–205 |doi=10.25267/cuad_ilus_romant.2007.i15.09 |issn=2173-0687|hdl=10498/9837 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
==History== The party was established in 1834 as the extreme liberal opposition, during the [[regent|regency]] of [[queen mother]] [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies]]; Queen Isabel was only three years old. It was the party of the ''exaltados'', ''veinteañistas'' or ''progresistas'', heirs of the ''[[Trienio Liberal]]'' ("liberal triennium") of 1820–1823, whereas the Moderate Party represented the ''doceañistas'' who traced their roots to the [[Spanish Constitution of 1812]]. The Progressives were the party of the [[National Militia (Spain)|National Militia]], the [[jury]] trial, a [[secular state]], and of [[national sovereignty]] and the broadening of the franchise under [[Suffrage#Census suffrage|census suffrage]]. On this last matter, their position was somewhat milder than [[popular sovereignty]], in that it did not necessarily call for the [[universal franchise]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bermúdez Soto |first=Jorge |date=2015-11-24 |title=El principio de legalidad y la nulidad de Derecho Público en la Constitución Política. Fundamentos para la aplicación de una solución de Derecho Común |journal=Revista de Derecho Público |issue=70 |doi=10.5354/0719-5249.2008.37764 |issn=0719-5249|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Like their Moderate opponents, they supported the monarchy of Isabel II, particularly against the Carlist pretenders. Their political position, however, was repeatedly compromised as Maria Christina and later Isabela herself continually attempted to achieve a compromise with the Carlists.
During the '''Regency of [[Baldomero Espartero]]''' (1840–1843), the Progressive Party became the dominant political force, advocating constitutional reforms, expansion of civil liberties, and limits to royal prerogative. Internal divisions, combined with opposition from Moderate Party conservatives and sectors of the army, led to Espartero’s fall in 1843.<ref>{{cite web |title=Baldomero Espartero, prince de Vergara |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Baldomero-Espartero-principe-de-Vergara |access-date=15 August 2025 |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>
The subsequent '''Década Moderada''' (1844–1854) saw the Progressives excluded from power as the Moderates consolidated control under a more restrictive political system established by the 1845 Constitution.
The '''Bienio Progresista''' (1854–1856) began after the ''Vicalvarada'' uprising and the Manzanares Manifesto, which brought Espartero back to the premiership, with [[Leopoldo O'Donnell|O’Donnell]] as Minister of War. The government implemented reforms like the desamortización (confiscation and sale) of church lands under Pascual Madoz. Political instability, economic tensions, and growing divisions between Espartero and O’Donnell led to the Bienio’s collapse and a return to Moderate dominance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bienio Progresista (1854–1856) |url=https://tesauros.cultura.gob.es/tesauros/contextosculturales/1032047.html |access-date=15 August 2025 |website=Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte de España}}</ref>
During the 1860s, Progressive leaders, increasingly marginalized, formed alliances with Democrats and unionist to overthrow Queen Isabella II. The '''Glorious Revolution''' of 1868 ushered in the '''Sexenio Democrático''' (1868–1874), in which the Progressives played a central role in drafting the liberal Constitution of 1869 and establishing a constitutional monarchy under Amadeo I.<ref>{{cite web |title=La desilusión monárquica del Partido Progresista: trono y democracia en el discurso radical del Sexenio (1868–1873) |url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5215/521565531003/html/ |access-date=15 August 2025 |website=Redalyc}}</ref>
The Progressive Party disintegrated gradually after the murder of its last leader, General [[Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos]] in 1870, splitting into the [[Constitutional Party (Spain)|Constitutional Party]], the [[Radical Democratic Party (Spain)|Radical Democratic Party]], and the [[Democratic Party (Spain, 1849)|Democratic Party]]. It wasn't formally dissolved, however, until the 1874 [[Spain under the Restoration|restoration of the monarchy]].
==See also== * [[Parties and factions in Isabelline Spain]] * ''[[Trienio Liberal]]''
== References == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Progressive Party (Spain)| ]] [[Category:1834 establishments in Spain]] [[Category:1874 disestablishments in Spain]] [[Category:Political parties established in 1834]] [[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1874]] [[Category:Federalist parties in Spain]] [[Category:Liberal parties in Spain]] [[Category:Progressive parties]] [[Category:Defunct political parties in Spain]] [[Category:Isabella II]]