{{Short description|Extinct subfamily of reptiles}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = Early-Middle Triassic, {{fossil_range|249.7|237}} | image = Procolophon_BW.jpg | image_caption = ''Procolophon pricei'' from the Olenekian of South Africa | taxon = Procolophoninae | authority = Lydekker, 1890 | subdivision_ranks = Subgroups | subdivision = * {{extinct}}''Anomoiodon'' * {{extinct}}''Burtensia'' * {{extinct}}''Eumetabolodon'' * {{extinct}}''Insulophon''? * {{extinct}}''Lestanshoria''? * {{extinct}}''Orenburgia'' * {{extinct}}''Kapes'' * {{extinct}}''Procolina'' * {{extinct}}''Procolophon'' * {{extinct}}''Samaria''? * {{extinct}}''Teratophon'' * {{extinct}}''Timanophon'' * {{extinct}}''Thelephon'' * {{extinct}}''Thelerpeton'' }}
'''Procolophoninae''' is an extinct subfamily of procolophonid parareptiles from the late Early Triassic to the early Middle Triassic (Olenekian and Anisian stages) of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe and South America. Currently, the oldest-known procolophonine is ''Procolophon'' from the earliest Olenekian stage.<ref name=Parareptilia2>{{cite journal |author1=Marcello Ruta |author2=Juan C. Cisneros |author3=Torsten Liebrect |author4=Linda A. Tsuji |author5=Johannes Muller |year=2011 |title=Amniotes through major biological crises: faunal turnover among Parareptiles and the end-Permian mass extinction |journal=Palaeontology |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=1117–1137 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01051.x |s2cid=83693335 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
== Phylogeny == Procolophoninae was named in 1890 by Richard Lydekker. It is a stem-based taxon defined phylogenetically for the first time by Modesto ''et al.'' (2002) as "all taxa more related to ''Procolophon trigoniceps'' Owen, 1876 than to ''Leptopleuron lacertinum'' Owen, 1851".<ref name=Phylo08>{{cite journal |author=Juan Carlos Cisneros |year=2008 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228668525 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=345–366 |doi=10.1017/S1477201907002350 |s2cid=84468714 }}</ref> The cladogram below follows Ruta ''et al.'' 2011.<ref name=Parareptilia2/>
{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85% |label1=Procolophonidae |1={{clade |1=''Coletta'' |2=''Pintosaurus'' |3=''Sauropareion'' |4={{clade |1=''Phaanthosaurus'' |2={{clade |label1=Theledectinae |1={{clade |1=''"E." dongshengensis'' |2=''Theledectes'' }} |2={{clade |1=''Tichvinskia'' |2={{clade |1=Leptopleuroninae |label2='''Procolophoninae''' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''E. bathycephalus'' |2={{clade |1=''Procolophon'' |2=''Teratophon'' |3=''Thelerpeton'' }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Timanophon'' |2={{clade |1=''Thelephon'' |2={{clade |1=''Anomoiodon'' |2=''Kapes'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
Below are two cladograms that follow phylogenetic analyses by Butler ''et al''. (2023):<ref name=Butler2023>{{Cite journal |last1=Butler |first1=R. J. |last2=Meade |first2=L. E. |last3=Cleary |first3=T. J. |last4=McWhirter |first4=K. T. |last5=Brown |first5=E. E. |last6=Kemp |first6=T. S. |last7=Benito |first7=J. |last8=Fraser |first8=N. C. |year=2023 |title=''Hwiccewyrm trispiculum'' gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England |journal=The Anatomical Record |doi=10.1002/ar.25316 |pmid=37735997 |doi-access=free|url=https://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/206767176/The_Anatomical_Record_2023_Butler.pdf }}</ref>
{{col-begin|width=95%}} {{col-2}}'''Analyses 1 and 3:''' Strict consensus of 760 and 18 most parsimonious trees (MPTs).{{clade|{{clade |label1='''Procolophoninae''' |1={{clade |1=''Teratophon'' |2=''Thelerpeton'' |3=''Procolophon'' }} }} }}
{{col-2}}'''Analysis 2:''' Single MPT.{{clade|{{clade |label1='''Procolophoninae''' |1={{clade |1=''Eumetabolodon bathycephalus'' |2={{clade |1=''Thelerpeton'' |2={{clade |1=''Teratophon'' |2=''Procolophon'' }} }} }} }} }} {{col-end}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Portal|Paleontology}} {{Parareptilia|Procolophonoidea}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q7247457}}
Category:Procolophoninae Category:Early Triassic reptiles Category:Middle Triassic reptiles Category:Prehistoric reptiles of Antarctica Category:Triassic reptiles of Asia Category:Triassic reptiles of Europe Category:Early Triassic reptiles of Africa Category:Middle Triassic reptiles of Africa Category:Early Triassic reptiles of South America Category:Middle Triassic reptiles of South America Category:Early Triassic first appearances Category:Middle Triassic extinctions
{{paleo-reptile-stub}}