{{Short description|Order of algae}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Prasiola stipitata Suhr (AM AK307212-1).jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ''Prasiola stipitata'' | taxon = Prasiolales | authority = F.E.Fritsch | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision_ref = <ref name=AlgaeBase/> | subdivision = * Koliellaceae * Prasiolaceae * Stichococcaceae }}
'''Prasiolales''' is an order of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae.<ref>See the NCBI [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=135250 webpage on Prasiolales]. Data extracted from the {{cite web | url=https://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/ | title=NCBI taxonomy resources | publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information | access-date=2007-03-19}}</ref> Members of this order are ecologically widespread and are found in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats from the Arctic to the Antarctic.<ref name=Heesch>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/09670262.2015.1115557 |title=Prasiolales (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) of the Svalbard Archipelago: Diversity, biogeography and description of the new genera ''Prasionella'' and ''Prasionema'' |date=2016 |last1=Heesch |first1=Svenja |last2=Pažoutová |first2=Marie |last3=Moniz |first3=Mónica B.J. |last4=Rindi |first4=Fabio |journal=European Journal of Phycology |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=171–187 |bibcode=2016EJPhy..51..171H }}</ref>
Morphological features include a single stellate, axial chloroplast with a central pyrenoid.<ref name=Rindi2007>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00372.x |title=Molecular phylogeny of the green algal order Prasiolales (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) |date=2007 |last1=Rindi |first1=Fabio |last2=McIvor |first2=Lynne |last3=Sherwood |first3=Alison R. |last4=Friedl |first4=Thomas |last5=Guiry |first5=Michael D. |last6=Sheath |first6=Robert G. |journal=Journal of Phycology |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=811–822 |bibcode=2007JPcgy..43..811R }}</ref> The ultrastructure of Prasiolales is unique and includes cells with four flagella, with their basal flagellar apparatuses in a counterclockwise orientation.<ref name=Rindi2007/><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1139/b89-071 |title=Flagellar apparatus of male gametes and other aspects of gamete and zygote ultrastructure in ''Prasiola'' and ''Rosenvingiella'' (Chlorophyta, Prasiolales) from British Columbia |date=1989 |last1=O'Kelly |first1=Charles J. |last2=Garbary |first2=David J. |last3=Floyd |first3=Gary L. |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=505–514 |bibcode=1989CaJB...67..505O }}</ref> For a long time, its placement was uncertain and debated between Ulvophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae (also known as Pleurastrophyceae). Molecular data, however, have robustly supported its placement in the latter class.<ref name=Heesch/>
Traditionally the order contained a single family, Prasiolaceae. Molecular phylogenetics studies have found that coccoid algae of very simple morphology, such as ''Stichococcus'', also belong to this order.<ref name=Proeschold>{{cite journal|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.441.2.2 |title=The green puzzle ''Stichococcus'' (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta): New generic and species concept among this widely distributed genus. |date=2020 |last1=Pröschold |first1=Thomas |last2=Darienko |first2=Tatyana |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=441 |issue=2 |pages=113–142 }}</ref>
Genera of uncertain placement to family include:<ref name=AlgaeBase>{{AlgaeBase taxon|id= 4583|title=Prasiolales|access-date=2025-01-02}}</ref> *''Edaphochlorella'' *''Pseudomarvania''
== Phylogeny == Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown the following relationships (not all genera are included):<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.247.3.1 |title=New and unusual species of cyanobacteria, diatoms and green algae, with a description of a new ''Genus ekerewekia'' gen. nov. (Chlorophyta) from the table mountain Churí-tepui, Chimantá Massif (Venezuela) |date=2016 |last1=Kaštovský |first1=JAN |last2=Veselá |first2=Jana |last3=Bohunická |first3=Markéta |last4=Fučíková |first4=Karolina |last5=Štenclová |first5=Lenka |last6=Brewer-Carías |first6=Charles |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=247 |issue=3 |page=153 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/jpy.13183 |title=A Molecular Analysis of Microalgae from Around the Globe to Revise ''Raphidonema'' (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) |date=2021 |last1=Yakimovich |first1=Kurt M. |last2=Gauthier |first2=Nick P.G. |last3=Engstrom |first3=Casey B. |last4=Leya |first4=Thomas |last5=Quarmby |first5=Lynne M. |journal=Journal of Phycology |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=1419–1432 |pmid=33988850 |bibcode=2021JPcgy..57.1419Y }}</ref><ref name=DariGustPros16>{{Cite journal |last1=Darienko |first1=T. |last2=Gustavs |first2=L. |last3=Pröschold |first3=T. |date=2016 |title=Species concept and nomenclatural changes within the genera ''Elliptochloris'' and ''Pseudochlorella'' (Trebouxiophyceae) based on an integrative approach |journal=Journal of Phycology |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1125–1145 |name-list-style=amp | doi=10.1111/jpy.12481 |pmid=27734501 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.3390/plants13172405|doi-access=free |title=Prasiolopsis wulf-kochii (Prasiolales, Trebouxiophyceae), a New Species Occurring in Hairs of the Sloth Bradypus tridactylus |date=2024 |last1=Darienko |first1=Tatyana |last2=Pröschold |first2=Thomas |journal=Plants |volume=13 |issue=17 |page=2405 |pmid=39273889 |pmc=11397384 |bibcode=2024Plnts..13.2405D }}</ref><ref name=Proeschold/>
{{clade|label1=Prasiolales|1= {{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Raphidonema/Koliella'' ''pro parte''|barbegin1=black |2=''Pseudochlorella''|bar2=black }} |2=''Raphidonema/Koliella'' ''pro parte''|bar2=black }} |2=''Ekerewekia''|barend2=black }} |2=''Gloeocystis polydermatica'' }} |2=''Edaphochlorella'' (syn. ''Chlorella mirabilis'') }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Prasiolaceae |2=''Pseudomarvania'' }} |2={{clade |1=''Stichococcus''|barbegin1=black |2=''Desmococcus''|bar2=black }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Protostichococcus''|bar1=black |2={{clade |1=''Deuterostichococcus''|bar1=black |2=''Tritostichococcus''|bar2=black }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Diplosphaera''|bar1=black |2=''Tetratostichococcus''|bar2=black }} }} |2=''Pseudostichococcus''|barend2=black }} }} |grouplabel1={{clade labels |width=10em; |label1=Koliellaceae ''pro parte'' |top1=11% |color1=black |label2=Stichococcaceae |top2=74% |color2=black }} }}
==References== {{Reflist|1}}
==External links== * {{AlgaeBase taxon|id=p372798ff071c4981|name=Prasiolales}}
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Category:Prasiolales Category:Chlorophyta orders
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