Potez 661

{{Infobox aircraft | name = 661 | logo = | logo_size = | image = Potez 661 photo L'Aerophile January 1938.jpg | alt = | caption = | long_caption = | other_names = | aircraft_type = Passenger transport | aim = | outcome = | related = | national_origin = France | manufacturer = S.N.C.A.N. | design_group = | designer = | builder = | issuer = | status = | owners = | primary_user = Air Afrique | more_users = | service = | major_applications = | proposals = | prototypes = | number_built = 2 | construction_number = | civil_registration = | military_serial = | radio_code = | requirement = | aircraft_carried = | flights = | total_hours = | total_distance = | construction_date = | introduction = | retired = | first_flight = 18 July 1937 | initiated = | in_service = | last_flight = | expected = | developed_from = | variants = | developed_into = | preservation = | fate = | predecessors = | successors = | concluded = }} The '''Potez 661''' was a four-engined metal low-wing monoplane airliner developed in France just before World War II. The single example flew with Air Afrique on French colonial routes.

==Design and development==

In 1936 the well-established Potez company became part of the Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautique du Nord (S.N.C.A.N.), under the Law for the Nationalisation of Military Industries.<ref>{{harvnb|Grey|1972|pages=108c}}</ref> In 1937 they produced their first four-engined aircraft, the Type 661. This was<ref name="JAWA38">{{harvnb|Grey|1972|pages=110c}}</ref> a commercial machine with seating for up to twelve passengers. It was a low wing cantilever, almost all-metal monoplane. The wing tapered with a nearly straight trailing edge<ref name ="Flight2"/> that carried outboard balanced ailerons and split trailing edge flaps over the whole of the centre section. The four 220 hp (164 kW) Renault 6Q inverted inline engines were conventionally mounted of the front wing spar and drove variable-pitch twin-bladed propellers.

The fuselage<ref name="JAWA38"/> was a metal monocoque, with a port side passenger door aft of six windows<ref name ="Flight2"/> on each side, one per seat. Though the standard seat arrangement was for twelve, two seats could be removed to allow the installation of chaises-longues for longer flights. The pilots' cabin was enclosed, with side by side dual control seating. The tail unit carried twin vertical endplate fins, slightly oval on a tailplane that had strong dihedral. The balanced rudders and elevators were metal structures with the only fabric covering used on the aircraft. The elevators carried trim tabs. There was a small tailwheel, the main undercarriage retracting into the inner engine nacelles.

==Operational history== The first flight was on 18 July 1937.<ref>[http://www.aviafrance.com/876.htm AviaFrance: Potez 661]</ref> By August 1938 the 661 had completed its Air Ministry tests<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1938/1938%20-%202284.html ''Flight'' 11 August 1938 p.128]</ref> and by April 1939 its 100 hr "endurance" tests.<ref name="Flight"/> In mid-April it was handed over to Air Afrique<ref>{{harvnb|Grey|1972|pages=75–6a}}</ref> and had made its first flight<ref name ="Flight">[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1939/1939%20-%201275.html ''Flight'' 24 April 1939 p.436]</ref> on the trans-Africa route from Dakar to Pointe Noire. Though only one was built before the war, it gained the reputation of being an economical transport.<ref name ="Flight2">[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1943/1943%20-%202359.html ''Flight'' 30 September 1943 p.436]</ref> There were suggestions, in war-time England at least that the Potez 661 or its more powerful development the Potez 662 might be built in occupied France for German use,<ref name ="Flight2"/> but there is no evidence that any more were produced.

==Variants== ;Potez 661: The initial prototype powered by 4x {{convert|220|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} Renault 6Q-02 air-cooled inverted in-line engines ;Potez 662: A second prototype powered by 4x {{convert|660|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} Gnome & Rhône 14M-5 radial engines, with equal tapered outer wings to allow for changes in the centre of gravity with the heavier radial engines.

==Specifications (Potez 661) == thumb|Potez 661 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile January 1938 {{Aircraft specs |ref={{harvnb|Grey|1972|pages=110c}} |prime units? = met

|crew=2 |capacity=12 |length m=16.6 |length ft=54 |length in=5 |span m=22.5 |span ft=73 |span in=10 |height m=4.4 |height ft=14 |height in=5 |wing area sqm=64 |wing area sqft=689 |empty weight kg=3,986 |empty weight lb=8,788 |gross weight kg=6,326 |gross weight lb=13,946 |eng1 number=4 |eng1 name=Renault 6Q air cooled 6-cylinder inverted in-line |eng1 kw=164 |eng1 hp=220 |max speed kmh=326 |max speed mph=203 |cruise speed kmh=300 |cruise speed mph=186 |range km=1000 |range miles=620 }}  {{aircontent  |see also= |related= |similar aircraft= |lists= }}

==References== {{commons category|Potez 661}} ;Citations {{reflist}} ;Bibliography {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938|last= Grey |first= C.G. |year=1972|publisher= David & Charles|location= London|isbn=0-7153-5734-4}} {{refend}}

{{Potez aircraft}}

Category:1930s French airliners 066 Category:Four-engined tractor aircraft Category:Low-wing aircraft Category:Aircraft first flown in 1937 Category:Four-engined piston aircraft